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专题13 虚拟语气-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)

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2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析13虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况,并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。考点一用于条件句虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反,从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间,用不同的形式。时间条件从句结果主句现在动词过去式would/should/could/might+动词原形过去had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词将来should/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形1.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.(2018北京)A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。2.Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.(2017北京)A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。3.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou_______me,Icouldhavehelped.(2016北京)A.toldB.hadtoldC.weretotellD.wouldtell【答案】B【解析】由lastweek可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。4.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I________.(2016天津) A.wereinjured      B.wouldbeinjured C.hadbeeninjured   D.wouldhavebeeninjured 【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故主句用wouldhavedone。5.IfI_____itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn’thavebelievedit.(2015北京)A.didn’tseeB.weren’tseeingC.Wouldn’tseeD.hadn’tseen【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。6.We______backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.(2014北京)A.areB.wereC.willbeD.wouldbe【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与现在事实相反,故主句用“would+动词原形”。7.IfMr.Dewey_______present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.(2014湖南)A.wereB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.was【答案】B【解析】句意:如果杜威先生当时在场的话,他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的wouldhaveoffered可知,是表示与过去事实相反,故条件句用过去完成时。8.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe_____there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.(2012安徽)A.livesB.wouldliveC.haslivedD.weretolive【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,从句表示与将来事实相反,故用“should+动词原形”或“wereto+动词原形”。注意:有时主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致,这种从句称作交错条件句。主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自发生的时间来确定。常见的交错时间是:从句表示过去,主句表示现在。例如:1.Ifwe_______theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.(2018天津)A.hadcaughtB.caughtC.havecaughtD.wouldcatch【答案】A 【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。2. Ifit________ forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.(2016江苏)A. hadnotbeen B. shouldnotbe C.werenottobe      D.shouldnothavebeen【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。3.Ifwe______atableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(2013北京)A.havebookedB.bookedC.bookD.hadbooked【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。4.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he______abletospeakitmuchbetternow.(2013天津)A.willbeB.wouldbeC.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主句表示与现在事实相反,从句表示与过去事实相反。故主句用“would+动词原形”。故选B。考点二用于含蓄条件句含蓄条件句是指没有完整的条件从句,但在上下文中隐含了条件的意味。这种条件意味常由otherwise,butfor,with,without,or等词语表现出来。1.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey_________thetaskinhalfthetime.(2019天津) A.accomplishedB.hadaccomplished C.wouldaccomplishD.wouldhaveaccomplished【答案】D【解析】由前半句可知,与过去事实相反;otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句,后面的句子相当于一个主句,故谓语动词用wouldn’thavedone。2.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.(2019江苏)A.hadB.willhaveC.wouldhavehadD.hadhad 【答案】C【解析】由Youmissedthesightseeing可知,与过去事实相反;or暗含虚拟条件,相当于ifyouhadn’tmissedthesightseeing,其后的句子相当于主句,故谓语动词用wouldhavedone。3.—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?(2017天津)—Yes.Otherwise,I______abletoreachheryesterday.A.hadn’tbeenB.wouldn’thavebeenC.weren’tD.wouldn’tbe【答案】B【解析】由yesterday可知,与过去事实相反,otherwise相当于ifIhadn’thadBetty’snumber,其后的句子相当于主句,谓语动词用wouldn’thavedone。4.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway______hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.(2015重庆)A.didn’twriteB.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twriteD.wouldn’thavewritten【答案】D【解析】Withouthiswartimeexperiences是个含蓄条件句,与过去事实相反,其后的句子相当于主句,谓语动词用wouldn’thavedone。5.Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe______nowheretostaynow.(2015安徽)A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad【答案】C【解析】or暗含虚拟条件,相当于ifwedidn’tbookaroom,其后的句子相当于主句,由时间状语now可知,与现在事实相反,故谓语动词用woulddo。6. Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey_____toourhelp.(2014浙江)  A.wouldhavecomeB.couldcomeC.havecomeD.hadcome【答案】A【解析】or暗含虚拟条件。由语境可知,这里表示与过去事实相反,故后面的句子用wouldhavedone。考点三用于名词性从句中wish,wouldrather等后面的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示对现在 或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望;与“建议、命令、要求”有关的名词性从句,谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟,should可省略。1.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I_____a second chance to becomemoreinvolved.(2018江苏)A.hadB.will haveC.would have hadD.have had【答案】A【解析】wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望。这里表示对现在的愿望,故用一般过去时。2.It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.(2018江苏)A.would B.should C.couldD.might【答案】B【解析】解析:在“Itis/was+形容词+that从句”中,that从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟。这里表示“竟然”,should不能省略。3.Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陕西)A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay【答案】C【解析】这是一个并列复合句。wouldrather后面的宾语从句表示现在的情况,谓语动词用一般过去时。4.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam_____attheageofsixmonthsold.(2013浙江)AwasBbeCwereDis【答案】B【解析】recommend表示“建议”时,后面的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,should可省略。考点四用于其他从句中在It’s(about/high)timethat…结构中,that从句要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气;在asif 引导的从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。1.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI_______it?(2014重庆)A.haddoneB.havedoneC.didD.amdoing【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,asif引导的从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。2.Don’thandlethevaseasifit______madeofsteel.(2012北京) A.is  B.were  C.hasbeen D.hadbeen【答案】B【解析】asif引导的从句表示与事实相反,应用虚拟语气;这里表示与现在事实相反,应用一般过去时。3.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.(2012辽宁)A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did【答案】D【解析】“It’s(high/about)timethat…”句型中,that从句谓语动词要用一般去时表示虚拟语气。考点五虚拟条件句中的倒装和省略引导条件从句的连词if可省略,但省略了if的从句要倒装,即将谓语中的were,had或should提到主语之前。1.__________notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.(2017江苏)A.Itwere         B.Wereit        C.Itwas      D.Wasit【答案】B【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与现在事实相反,故从句用一般过去时;从句省略了连词if,谓语用倒装。2.Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble______theschedule.(2015江苏)A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时;从句省略了连词if,谓语用倒装。 3.________themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)A.DidhecatchB.ShouldhecatchC.HashecaughtD.Hadhecaught【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。从句省略了连词if,谓语用倒装。4.________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.(2014福建)A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与现在事实相反,故从句用一般过去时。从句省略了连词if,谓语用倒装。巩固练习1.IfI_______itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn’thavebelievedit.A.didn’tseeB.weren’tseeingC.wouldn’tseeD.hadn’tseen【答案】D 【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。2.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they________secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad【答案】D【解析】前一个句子是省略了if的条件从句。由从句时态hadknown可知是与过去事实相反,主句应用would/could/mighthavedone。3.—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold【答案】D【解析】由主句谓语动词wouldhavegone可知是与过去事实相反,条件从句应用过去完成时。4.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit__________breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might【答案】B【解析】if引导的条件状语从句表示与将来事实相反的假设,谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”。5.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe____moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited【答案】D【解析】otherwise这个副词暗含虚拟语气,相当于说ifwehadnotlostourwayinthatvillage,表示与过去事实的相反假设,后面的句子要用wouldhavedone。6.Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletedandIwishthey______alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,这里表示现在的情况。wish后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,故选A。7.Teachersrecommendparents____theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety. A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow【答案】A【解析】句意:为了安全,老师建议家长不要让不满12岁的孩子骑自行车上学。recommend表示“建议”时,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。8.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【答案】B【解析】wouldrather后面的从句要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的动作,用一般过去时;表示过去的动作,用过去完成时。9.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone【答案】A【解析】由句意“没有你的慷慨相助,我不可能熬过那段艰苦岁月。”可知,该句表示与过去事实相反,故选A。withoutyourgeneroushelp相当于一个条件状语从句ifithadnotbeenforyourgeneroushelp。10.MaybeifI______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyousomehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying【答案】C【解析】这是一个交错条件句。主句表示与现在事实相反,由从句中的时间状语then可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,应用过去完成时。11.—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables______.A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavedied【答案】D【解析】从句用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反,主句有时间状语now,表示与现在事实相反,考生很容易受此影响而误选A。后面句子的意思是“我的菜也不会死了”,说明菜已死,所以这里表示的是与过去事实相反。12.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest? —No.Ifso,he_____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.A.woulddriveB.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD.haddriven【答案】C【解析】ifso相当于ifhehadpassedthedrivingtest,表示与过去事实相反,主句应用wouldhavedone。13.Mymomsuggeststhatwe_____eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would【答案】A【解析】suggest表示“建议”时,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。用“should+动词原形”。14.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与现在事实相反,故从句用一般过去时。15.—Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.—Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe______.A.hadn’tB.haven"tC.didn"tD.don"t【答案】A【解析】由语境可知,主、从句都表示与过去事实相反,故从句用过去完成时。Hadn’t是hadn’ttaken的省略。16.IwishI______atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen【答案】D【解析】由语境可知,这里表示对过去的愿望。wish后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反,故选D。17.Ifhe______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow【答案】C【解析】由主句动词形式wouldn’thavelost可知,这里表示与过去事实相反,从句应用过去完成时。 18.Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou__________swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn’tB.couldn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t【答案】D【解析】recommend后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”这一虚拟语气形式,其中should可以省略。19.Butfortheirhelp,we__________theprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished【答案】D【解析】Butfortheirhelp相当于一个表示与过去事实相反的条件从句Ifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp,故应用couldhavedone。20.Ifwe_______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken【答案】B【解析】由主句动词形式mighthavearrived可知,这里表示与过去事实相反,从句应用过去完成时。