(译林牛津版)中考英语语法全套练习讲解十八 定语从句 2页

考点十八：定语从句一、定语从句（一）：1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句（二）1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone等时，只能用that。Thereisnothing______Icandoforyou.2).当先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。Thisistheverybook______I’mlookingfor.3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。Thisisthefirstnextbook______Istudiedinthemiddleschool.4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。Thisisthemostbeautifulmountain______Ihaveeverseen.=Ihave_____seen_____abeautifulmountian.5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons_______wehad.2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。Thisisthebuildingin______helives.2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which。Theclockisthat_____tellsthetime.3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。Hisbook,______waslostlastweek,hasbeenfoundnow.3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who也可用that。但以下情况下，只能用who。1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who。Those______aresingingareallmyclassmates.2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。Thereisagirl______expectstoseeyou.3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who。-2- He______playswithfiregetsburned.三、定语从句（三）。由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at+whichwhy=for+which1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词2).在定语从句中作地点状语Isthisthehouse______youlived?=Isthisthehouse__________youlived?=Isthisthehouse_____youlivedin?2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词2).在定语从句中作时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedays______Imethim.=Iwillneverforgetthedays________Imethim.注：先行词是thelasttime时，when可省略。Whenwasthelasttimeyousawtheparrot?3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason时，一般用why。why在句中作原因状语。Wedon’tknowthereason______theydidn’tcome.四、注意事项：1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。Thestory_____hetoldwasverypopular.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。Ilovessingerswho_______(write)theirownsongs.Sheisoneofthegirlswho______(study)hard.3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。Willyoupleaseshowmethebook______yesterday?A.whichyouboughtB.thatyouboughtitC.youboughtD.youboughtit4.定语从句中whose的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose。Thegirl_____parentsworkinBeijingisKate.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.thatIknowtheboy.Hishandwritingisverygood.=Iknowtheboy____handwritingisverygood.五、定语从句的简化把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。1.Shereveivedaboxwhichwasfullofpresents.Shereveivedabox__________presents.2.HelikesreadingbooksthatwaswrittenbyLuxun.Helikesreadingbooking_________Luxun.3.IlikeChineseteawhichhasnothinginit.IlikeChinesetea___________init.4.Doyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingareddress.Doyouknowthegirl______areddress.-2-