精编高考英语语法改错专题讲练 11页

精编高考英语语法改错专题讲练高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右，文体都为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文（以书信为主）。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，文字浅显易懂，句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句，语言地道，符合英语语言习惯,各种错误所占比例为，1:1:8（多词：缺词：错词）。答题原则：1.规范性原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错，要记住表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除的符号，切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。2.四不改原则，（1）单词拼写不改；（2）大小写不改；（3）词序错误不改（应从错词或少词方面考虑）；（4）标点符号不改。四改动原则：（1）忠实于原文原则（不可改变原文的原意）；（2）错误以改动最少为原则；（3）虚词以添加或删除原则；（4）实词以改变形式为原则。考占・J八、、•短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面：一、语法方面。主要考查动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形（指应该用动词、名词、形容词还是副词形式，以及平行结构中的词的正确形式）二、行文逻辑方面。主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词。句子的并列、递进、转折、因果关系和时间的先后顺序等。常考：一、冠词二、名词三、谓语动词四、非谓语动词五、形容词、副词六、代 词七、介词八、复合句、并列句的连接词、连词WarmUp冠词讲练（15全国I）butImissmyhomeincountryside・（15全国II）Awomansawhimcryingandtoldhimtowaitoutsideashop・（14全国I）Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.（14全国II）Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings・（14辽宁）Besides,Cleotendstobarkaaverageofsixhoursaday.自练1.1decidedtoclimbthetreetoseewherewewere.2.Goodhealthisperson^mostvaluablepossession.3.ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain・4.Maybeyoucouldcomeduringawinterholidays・5.Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery.固定搭配1・Somewantedtoseetheprogramwhileotherspreferredanothe匚 2.Tiltakethischaneetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.3.Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.4.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.5.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary. 名词【数】（15全国I）Theairswebreatheisgettingdirtieranddirtier.（15全国II）Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisparent.自练Agroupofsheepsareeatinggrassandleavesatthefootofthehill.Thebookwillgiveyoualltheinformationsyouneed・注意单复数同形：fish,dear,sheep,means,Chinese,Japanese等彳7可数：furniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,advice,information,work,equipment等Intheiropinions,theyshouldhavemoreholidays・记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法，如inone"sopinion,keepone!sword,takemeasurestodosth,takeactiontodosth备考重点：1・分清可数名词不可数名词；2.搞清可数名词的复数规则特别牢记不规则可数名词的复数；3.熟记大纲中固定短语中的名词单复数形式。例如gotoschool;makepreparations综合讲练缺词考点1.1缺一介词1.有些动词后介词的有无。 请判断：preparebreakfastprepareattendameetingattendthepatienttheexamjoinusjoinagame1.表语形容词通常有动词意义，但可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词女口beafraidnothing,bepresentthemeeting,besureit2.except,insteadof,from,since,till,until后面可能跟另一个介词词组充当介词宾语，可能会漏掉第2个介词eg.Hecameonfootinsteadofbike.3.hundreds,thousands等后面可能漏掉of。类似的还有millions,dozens,scores1.2缺一连词1.英语分句之间要有连词eg.Itbegantorain,theyhadtostopthematch.Itbegantorain;theyhadtostopthematch.Itwaslate,wewenthome.Youlikesports,Fdratherread.Helookedforthekey,didrftfindit.2.受汉语影响，并列动词词组之间可能缺一个andeg.Shesmiledsaidgood-byetohermothe匚3.名词性从句that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。eg.Jaydenishandsomeisknowntousall. Weheardthenewsourteamhadwon.1.even后可能缺少if/thoughoeg.Hewalksasheweredrunk・1.3缺一代词1.充当定从主语的关系代词不能缺少。eg.Theaccidenthappenedyesterdaywasveryserious・2.英语中用来替代前面的“the+名词，的that（单数）和those（复数），在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。eg.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanofJapan・ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanJapan.Theseshirtsareexpensive,butwhichwesawtheotherdaywereevenmoreexpensive・1.4缺一冠词1.在such或so+形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺a/aneg.Heissuchhonestboythatallofuslikehim.ThisissogoodbookthatIreaditagain.2.表示“有些，时，little,few前面不可缺少a.eg.Don，tworry.Thereislittletimeleft.3.many前面有great,good时,要加a.eg.greatmanypeople 若many后接单数名词，中间须有a/an,eg.Manymanhastrieditbefore・1.一些un•前，有adj•修饰表示。一种（场），等时，要加a/an.eg.IfsfamousChinesetea.Therewasheavyrainlastnight.5「形容词比较级+ofthetwo,前必须用the.eg.Heisbetteroneofthetwo.多词考点1.1语义重复1.Davidpointedtoapathwhichithethoughtwouldprobablyleadtoavillage・2.Asaresult,peopleinthemodernworldgenerallylivemuchmorelongerthanpeopleinthepast.3.1hopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.4.Fllspendallthewholeweekendreadingandpreparingforit.1.2搭配不当1・Wepracticeforthreetimeseveryweek.2.1wasusedtowatchiteverynight.3.・..inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.4.1neverknewaridedownarivercouldbesomuchexciting. （much不能修饰adj原级）1.3介词多余1....andletyoutoknowwhenthebookyouwanthasreturned2.Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfourcfclockinthemorning.3.youwillprobablywanttojoinintheStampCollectors9Club・・・4.1wassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.1.4从句连接词多余1.inotherplaceswhereyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,ofthatsomemaybenovels.（inotherplaces在此为地点状语）2.1alsoenjoyedtheeveningswhenwespenttogethe匚1.Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputitinasecretplacewhereIcouldrftfind.2.WhenIwasaboy,themostexcitingthingwaswhentocelebratetheSpringFestival・从句考点1.1固定句型1.Charlessaid,"AssoonIseeareallytallbuilding,Iwanttoclimbit.2.Ithasbeenfiveyearswhenwegraduated,butthosememoriesareassweetaseverbefore・ 3.1feltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.1.butitdidn"tmatterthatIwouldwinornot.1.2句义不通1・Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.1.andwhetheryoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.2.Inoneclass,Ilearneditrained・1.3连接词选择不当或缺失1.However,therearestillsomecountriestherepeoplehaveshorterlives.2.inotherplacesyouarelimitedtoacertainnumber,ofthatsomemaybenovels・3.1liveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.3.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain・4.Besides,Ihavefewfidends,Idon，tknowthattheydon"tliketotalkwithme.非谓语动词和时态考点1.1主谓一致1.Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirt.2.Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.3.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.4.Sothen,aconcertcostsomuch.Imayjustlistentomusic.1.2定从中的主谓一致 1.Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.2.youwillprobablywanttojointheStampCollectors5Clubwhichexisttoaddmorestampstoyourcollection.2.时态不当1・Weweredrivingalongananowroadwhenthecarstop.・.2.Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.3.1learnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,MissGreen.4.1rememberedherwordsandcalmdown1.Also,scientistsanddoctorshadlearnedhowtodealwithmanydiseases・2.Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberofourschoolfootballteam・3.FdlikeverymuchtocomebutIhadanexaminationonMondaymorning.4.Ifthebookyouwillwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledbackforyou.介词考点1.1及物动词和不及物动词1・Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting・2.Hisparentsaskedhimtospendinmoretimepreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination.3.Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.1.2固定搭配1.Billinsistedinstayingnearthecar. 1.Suddenlywecaughtsightatacarandsomemen.2.WhenIhavefreetimeIgoalongwalk.3.Whentheycamedownthepolicewereangrytothem.4.andsomebooks,forexample,booksforhistory,science,cookingandgardeningarealsopopular.5.Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfourcfclockinthemorning.7.1feelsosorrytohim.8.Tmsuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasafool.SoIfeelunhappyeveryday.1.Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.