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初一上册英语语法小结1.therebe句型“有”指“某地有某物”形式:thereis,therearethereare用来修饰可数名词复数形式:thereisnot(thereisn"t)therearenot(therearen"t)Isthere……..?Arethere………..?注意:这里涉及someany的用法some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中。但是在表示请求的疑问句中,是想要得到肯定答复的,要用some。例:Wouldyoulikesomemilk?对于therebe疑问句的回答:肯定:Yes,thereisare.No,thereisn"taren"t.2.havehasgot有指某人有某物区分:havehas:have用来修饰第一人称和第二人称和第三人称复数(I,we,they)has用来修饰第三人称单数(she,he,it)若表示某人没有某物,则要用否定形式,即在havehasgot后加not即havenot(haven"t)got,hasnot(hasn"t)got.某人是否有某物则要用havehasgot的疑问形式,HaveHas+sb.sth.+got回答:肯定:Yes,iwetheyhave.Yes,sheheithas.否定:No,iwetheyhaven"t.No,sheheithasn"t.注意:therebe和havegot的区别两者虽都指"有",但侧重点不同。虽然都是“冰箱里有食物”但(1)句侧重于食物,(2)句侧重于冰箱。3.be(amisare)用法:我用am你用are,is连着她他它,单数用is,复数用arebe的否定形式直接加not即amnot,arenot,isnot.疑问形式把be提前即be+主语......?回答:肯定:Yes,Iam.Yes,sheheitis.Yes,youwetheyare.否定:No,Iamnot.No,sheheitisn"t.No,youwetheyaren"t.be的句式,所用情况:1》be+形容词(adj.).例:Iamveryhappy.2>be+名词(n.)例:Heisaboy.3>be+介词短语例:Sheisintheschool.4>be+形容词短语 例:Heisonly11yearsold.5>be+副词例:Classisover.4.情态动词cancan可以能够,表示某人能做某事用法:can+v.原不能做某事,则用can的否定形式:cannot(can"t)+v.原can没有人称和数的变化,因此谁能(不能)做某事都能用can若表示某人是否能做某事则要用can的疑问形式,即can+sb.……?疑问句回答:肯定:Yes,Isheyouheittheywecan.否定:No,Isheheityouwetheycan"t.注意:can表示“能力”时,指现在的能力,并不指过去或将来的能力。5.情态动词would想主要用于wouldyouliketo...句型中,表示邀请。例:Wouldyouliketogotoschoolwithme?回答一般有两种形式:1表示愿意:I"dlikeloveto.2拒绝:Sorry,原因。注意:wouldliketo本身并不表示邀请,而是想要。例:Iwouldliketosomebooks.另外,表示邀请还能说:Let"s......Shallwe......WhatHowabout.......还要注意邀请时询问信息的表达方式:1)询问时间:Whenis...2)询问地点:Whereis....6行为动词的一般现在时(根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。行为动词也叫实义动词,比如eat,sleep,行为动词后面只能副词修饰
系动词比如seem,be动词,可以用形容词,用法:1.如果表示某人经常性或习惯性做某事,则要用行为动词的一般现在时Hegoestoschooleveryday.Theyeatdinnerintheevening.2.若表示某人现在的动态,也可用一般现在时。Iknowhimverywell.我和他很熟。HelikesEnglishverymuch.他非常喜欢英语。若表示否定意义,若主语是第一人称或第二人称或第三人称复数,只要在谓语动词后加not,即donot(don"t),若主语是第三人称单数,则要在谓语动词后加doesnot(doesn"t)例:Idon"tgotoschooleveryday.Shedoesn"tgoestotheshopeveryday.Youdon"tsingvellwell.若表示是否经常做某事则要用疑问意义,将dodoes提前即可例:Doyouwriteacompositioneveryday?你每天写一篇作文吗?Doesitsmellgood?它闻起来很香吗?注意:行为动词的一般现在时中涉及了频度副词,用法:用于行为动词之前,be动词之后常见的频度副词有:often,always,usually,never,seldom,sometimes等7.变法总结名词变复数(1)一般在词尾加-s例词:bags,vegetables,books(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加-es例词:watches,boxes,buses,brushes(3)以o结尾的加-es例词:heroes英雄negroes黑人tomatoes西红柿potatoes土豆(4)以o结尾的加-s例词:zoos,zeros(5)以辅音字母+y结把y变i加-es例词:baby——babies,city——cities(6)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe变成-ves例词:life——lives第三人称单数变化形式和名词变复数变化形式相同。Unit3Whatareyoudoingforvacation?l1.掌握一些动词短语l2.掌握what,where,when,howlong引导的特殊疑问句。l3.学会现在进行时表将来的用法考点整理1.和朋友们一起度过时光spendtimewithfriends2、租借影碟Rentvideos3、考虑thinkabout4、决定。。。decideon..5、向她询问她的计划askheraboutherplan6、忘记要做某事forgettodo7、回来Comeback=getbackUnit3
7.那听起来很棒。Thatsoundsnice.8.休闲在家relaxathome9.你将和谁一起去?Whoareyougoingwith?11.在(深)山里inthemountains12.你将呆多长时间?Howlongareyoustaying?13.离开太长时间goawayfortoolong27.做一些不同的事dosomethingdifferent28.计划做某事plantodosth29.在乡村inthecountryside31.多睡sleepalot32.迫不及待做某事can’twaittodosth33.做完某事finishdoingsth35.询问某人某事asksbaboutsth36.一个观光的好地方agoodplacetogosightseeing37.随身带上某物takesthwithsb38.离开某地leave+(from)地点动身前往某地leavefor+地点离开…去…leave…for…1.somethingdifferent不同的事情形容词修饰不定代词时放在不定代词后面2.plann.makeplansv.plantodosomethinginteresting有趣的surprising令人吃惊的exciting令人兴奋的Interested感到兴趣surprised感到吃惊excited感到兴奋3.Ittakes(sb.)+time+todosth.花某人多长时间做某事;在这一句型中,time指一段时间,常用howlong提问4.spend–spent–spent花费spendsometime/somemoneyonsomething(in)doingsomething.spend以人做主语花费take以it做形式主语cost以物做主6.can’twaittodosth迫不及待地做某事
7.finish+V-ing8.asksbaboutsth问某人关于某事9.beaway+for+一段时间离开goaway走开,takeaway拿开,带走,keepaway离开1.leavefrom…从…离开2.leavefor动身去……3.leaveAforB是离开A到B区别leave+sth+介词+地点把某物忘在某处forget+sth把某事忘了,想不起来了11.forget–forgot忘记forgetdoingsomething忘记做过了某事forgettodosomething忘记要去做某事3.showsth.tosb.=showsb.Sth.把…拿给人看showsb.Sth.=showsth.tosb.出示某物给某人看givemethebook=givethebooktome给我书,passmethecup=passthecuptome把杯子递给我,sellmethehouse=sellthehousetome把房子卖给我buymeabook=buyabookforme给我买书,makemeacake=makeacakeforme给我做蛋糕5.Go+doing去干某事l1.goswimming去游泳l2.goboating去划船l3.goskating去溜冰l4.gowalking去散步l5.goclimbing去登山l6.godancing去跳舞l7.gohiking去徒步远足l8.gosightseeing去观光l9.gocamping去野营l10.Goshopping去买东西
l11gobikeriding骑自行车旅行,l12.gofishing去钓鱼6.dosomereading读书l1.dosomeshopping买东西l2.dosomewashing洗衣服l3.dosomecooking作饭l4.dosomereading读书l5.dosomespeaking训练口语正在进行时表将来1)、可以用进行时表将来的词有:leave/go/come/arrivestart等2.Begoingto+V原3.will+V原选择题1.Iamgoingtospendmysummervacationwithmysister.2.Tomdoesn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyahouse,sohehastorentone.3.What’syourplanforthisterm.4.A:WhatDyou?B:Iammysister.A:do;do;babysitB:are;doing;babysitC:did;do;babysittingD:are;doing;babysitting5.A:Whatishedoingforvacation?B:HeisA.A:goingcampingB:gocampC:gocampingD:goingcamp(C)1.---What’sshedoingthissummerholiday?---She______hersister.A.babysitsB.babysitterC.isbabysitting(D)2.”WhatarewegoingtodoonSunday?”“Howabout_?”
A.togobikeridingB.goingbiketorideC.goingtobikeridingD.goingbikeriding(C)3.I’mgoingbikeridingafterIfinish______thebook.A.towriteB.writesC.writing(C)4.Thefoodisthesameeveryday,todayIwanttoeat_________.lA.differentsomethingB.anythingdifferentlC.somethingdifferent( B )5.Thereisn’t_____withyourwatch.Itworkswell.A.wrongsomethingB.anythingwrongC.nothingwrong练习:1.Wearegoing__camping_(camp)thisSunday.2.LiuHongisthe__twelfth__(twelve)onetocomehere.3.Willyoupleaseshowallyour___photos__(photo)tome.4.Let’sgobike__riding____(ride)thisweekend.5.Thechildrencouldn’twait___towatch___(watch)thematch.6.Theyaregoing__fishing___(fish)nextSunday.7.Myparentswanttoaskmeaboutplace__tovisit___(visit)inEngland.8.AfterIfinish__cleaning__(clean)theroom,I’llhavearest.10.Lucyspendanhour___doing____(do)herhomeworkeveryday.11.Iplan_____tostudy____(study)Englishnextyear.12.Iwanttodosomething____different________(difference)thistime.13.Mikeis___staying____(stay)forfivedays.14.Tellhim___tobe___(be)quietinthereadingroom.15.Thatisagoodplace____towatch____(watch)birds.16.Howabout____camping___(camp)withustothemuseum?17.Myfamily____aregoing___(go)sightseeingnextweek.18.Iam_panning___(plan)myvacationtoItalythisweekend.(A)6.“I’msorryIforgottheletterforyou!”“Itdoesn’tmatter,I’llpostitmyself.”
A.topostB.postingC.postD.posted(B)7.Iputmyphotosathome.CanI_____________tomorrow?A.showyoutothemB.showthemtoyouC.showthemyou(A)8.Mymotherwants____ateacher.A.metobeB.tomebeC.mebeto(C)9.I’mgoingbikeridingafterIfinish____thebook.A.towriteB.writesC.writing(C)10Ialwaysfeeltired,canyougivemesome__________?A.goodadvicesB.piecesofgoodadvicesC.piecesofadviceD11.--What’syourfather_____thisSunday?--HeisgoingtoWuhan.A.doB.doesC.todoD.doingA12.They’re_____inthemountains.A.goingcampingB.gocampingC.gotocampD.goingcampC13.Dadisplanning_____meanewcomputer.A.buyingB.buyC.tobuyD.boughtB14.Thestorysounds______.A.funB.funnyC.funnilyD.badlyB15.Myson______fifteennextSaturday.A.isB.willbeC.isgoingtobeD.wasA16.With____areyougoingtoBeijing?A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.who’sC17.Thepoorbeggardied_____acoldnight.A.inB.atC.onD.for18.Mybagisblack.Whatabout__yours____?(you)19.Howabout___swimming_____intheriver?(swim)
20.The_babysitters__are__babysitting___thosebusyparents’children.(babysit初中英语固定句型,词组及重要知识点(一)句型(一)such+名词性词组+that…So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致……例如:(1)Sheissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveher.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。(2)Itwassuchahotdaythattheydidn’tgooutforawalkasusual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。注意点:1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:Sheissogoodateacherthatweallloveher.2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that…(1)TherearesomanypeopleintheroomthatIcan’tgetin.房间里人太多,我进不去。(2)Themanhassomuchmoneythathecanbuyacar.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。句型(二)(就近一致)Therebe…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…例如:(1)Thereisapenandtwopencilsinhispencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。(2)NotonlyyoubutalsoIhavebeentotheGreatWall.你和我都没有去过长城。(3)EitheryouorIamleavingforShanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。(4)Neitheryounorheisright.你和他都不对。(5)BothJackandTimareEnglish.Jack和Tim是英国人。注意点:当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and…来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。句型(三)Enough+名词+todo…——有足够的……做某事形容词/副词+enough+todo…——足够……做某事例如:(1)Thereisenoughroomtoholdthesepeopletohaveameeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。(2)Theboyisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。注意点:enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:Theboyissostrongthathecancarrytheheavybox.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。句型(四)too....to.....too+形容词/副词+todo…——太……以致不能……例如:(1)Iwastooexcitedtosayaword.我激动得一个字也说不出来。(2)Tomistooshorttoreachtheapple.Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。注意点:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:IwassoexcitedthatIcouldn’tsayaword.句型(五)Sothat…——以便/以致……例如:(1)Theystudiedhardsothattheycouldpasstheexam.他们学习很努力,为了能通过考试。(2)Theystartedearlysothattheycaughttheearlybus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。注意点:在例句(1)中,是引导目的状语;在例句(2)中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,从句中含有情态动词的,为目的状语。无情态动词的,为结果状语句型(六)祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句例如:(1)Workhard,and/then/andthenyouwillliveahappylife.努力工作,你就会过上幸福生活。(2)Hurryup,orwewillbelateforschool.快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。注意点:以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句(2)可以改写成:Ifwedon’thurryup,we’llbelateforschool.句型(七)(1)It’stimeforsth.是干某事的时间了。It’stime(forsb)todosth.该干某事了。It’stimethatsbdidsth.该干某事了。例如:(1)It’stimeforthemeeting.该开会了。(2)It’stimeforustogotoschool.我们该上学了。(3)It’shightimethatyouwenttobed.你该上床休息了注意点:在句型(3)中,可以在time前加rush、high等修饰词,这个句型是虚拟语气的一种,含有“稍迟一点”的含义。而(2)则是“正是干某事的时候”。句型(八)"花费”(1)Ittakessb.Sometimetodosth.干某事花某人一些时间(2)sb.spendsometimeonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事(3)sb.spendsomemoneyonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花钱在某物上/花钱干某事(4)sth.costsb.Somemoney——某事花某人一些钱(5)sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人为某事(物)付钱例如:(1)Ittookmetwohourstowritetheletter.写这封信花了我两小时的时间。(2)Hespendshalfanhour(in)readingEnglisheverymorning.他每天早上花半小时读英语。(3)Hespendsonehouronthehouseworkeveryday.他每天花一小时做家务。(4)Thebikecostme298yuan.这辆自行车花了我298元。(5)Ispent298yuanonthebike.我买这辆自行车花了298元。(6)Ipaid298yuanforthebike.我花了298元买这辆自行车。注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。句型(九)提建议(1)Whynotdo…?为什么不干某事?(2)Let’sdo…让我们干某事吧。
(3)Shallwedo…?我们干某事好吗?(4)Wouldyoulikesomething/todosth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?(5)Willyoupleasedo…?请你干某事好吗?(6)What(How)aboutdoing…?干某事怎么样?例如:(1)Whynotgoandaskourteacher?Goodidea!Let’sgo.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧!(2)Shallwegooutforawalk?No,let’sgotothezoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧。(3)Willyoupleasefetchsomechalksforme?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?(4)WhataboutsinginganEnglishsong?Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了!注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。句型(十)(1)Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?让我们出去散步,好吗?(2)Readthebookcarefully,willyou?认真读书,好吗?注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用willyou构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shallwe,但若是letus,表示不包括“我”在内,则用willyou。例如:Letusgooutforawalk,willyou?你让我们出去散散步,好吗?句型(十一)倒装句So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也……Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也不……例如:(1)HecansingalotofEnglishsongs,socanshe.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。(2)ShespeaksEnglishverywell,sodoI.她英语说得好,我也是。(3)LiLeihasn’treadthisbook,neitherhasLinFeng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。注意点:这两个句型都表示和前面所陈述的内容相同,用倒装句。要注意和“so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词——确实是”相区别,试对比一下例(2):A:ShespeaksEnglishverywell.她英语说得很好。B:soshedoes.确实是这样。句型(十二)否定的转移Idon’tthinkhisanswerisright.我认为他的答案不对。例如:(1)Ican’tbelievesheisright.我相信她是不对的。(2)Youdon’tthinktheywillcometomorrow,doyou?你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?注意点:Think、believe、suppose等接宾语从句时,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致,若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例(1)变为反意疑问句应为:Ican’tbelievesheisright,isshe?(在某些情况下,这种否定也可能不转移,如有兴趣,可上网查找“否定不转移”(二)初中英语重要句型(25组)1.Therebe结构a.这是英语中常见的一种结构,表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别,它的含义是“所有,属有”,其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。C,therebe结构的否定和疑问构成方式:2.Thereisarivernearourschool.否:Thereisnotarivernearourschool.问:Istherearivernearourschool.
回答:Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?⑵What’snearourschool?d.therebe结构的一般将来时,同学们较难掌握,其正确形式为:thereisgoingtobee.反意疑问句的构成:Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.A.haveB.watchC.beD.play②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.A.beB.haveC.beonD.on2.so,neither引导的倒装句a.So+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.b.Neither+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语,表示某人也不。eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.c.So+主语+be(助动词,情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请与a.区别。eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and(那么)...eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.5.祈使句+or...否则...eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.6.The+比较级...,the+比较级...越...越...eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功,你就越好。)7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样?)8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?虽然中文为怎样,我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办?Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的?eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何?⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的?11.What...for?为何目的?为什么?eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?12.oneof+最高级+复数最...之一eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.
13.findfeelthinkit+形容词+todoeg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchickenprefertodoratherthandowouldratherdothando=woulddoratherthando16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.否定:hadbetternotdosth.特别注意:hadbetter后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.You’dbettercatchatrain.You’dbetternottalkinclass.You’dbetternotbelatefortheclass.17.Itisgood(nice)of+宾格+todosth.Itiseasy(important)for+宾格+todosth.eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英语真是太好了)18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物costsb.钱pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.20.havebeento某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿sb.havebeenin+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在这儿21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.这篮子太重我拿不动。②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了,买不起。⑵so...that如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子,可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan’taffordit.22.What’sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少?不说Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口数量的大用largeeg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA23.I’vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What
24.not...until(连词)直到----才eg.Hesaysthathewon’tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。肯定句+until到eg.You’dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)25.neither...nor...既不...也不...either...or...或者...或者...Notonly---butalso不仅---而且eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".Eitheryouorsheisright.(谓语动词就近原则)both...and...两者都...eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主语看作复数)练习题:1.-WhereisMary?-Oh,she_____thelibrory.A.hasgonetoB.wenttoC.hasbeentoD.hadgoneto2.Heknewlittleaboutthefilm____hesawityesterdayevening.A.ifB.sinceC.untilD.because3.I____changehismind.Don’tworry,He’llsurelycometogetit.A.thinkhewon’tB.thinkhewillC.don’tthinkhewon’tD.don’tthinkhewill4.-_____doyou_____theTVplay?-Notbad,Ithink.A.How;thinkofB.What;likeC.How;likeD.What;think5.I_____haveagoodtime_____theparty.A.hopeyouwill;atB.likeyou;onC.hopeyouto;inD.wantyouthat;from完成句子:1.中国有多少人口,中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。_____thepopulationofChina?It’sabout___________oftheworld’spopulation.2.门铃一直响着,直到门被林涛打开才停。Thedoorbell___________untilthedoorwasopenedbyLinTao.3.午饭后他休息了一会儿,我也休息了一会儿。Hehadashortrestafterlunch,and____________I.4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。______morethantenyears____MrandMrsSmithlefttheirhometown.5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有.Thebuswas_____crowdedthattherewashardly______standingroominit.思考题:1、做饭花了她半个小时。It_______halfanhour______somecooking.=I______halfanhour_______somecooking.2、你真好,经常在数学上帮助我。It’sreallynice_____youto____me_____my______.3、Lily跑得不快,赢不了比赛。Lily______runquickly________________therace.=Lily__________________therace.4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样?______________aTeachers’Daycard____theartlesson?5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。Footballis____________________gamesinourschool.
(三)英语五类重点必知句型一、常使用动词不定式的短语1、It’stimetodosth.It’stimeforsth该作某事的时候了.2、can’twaittodosth.迫不及待要作某事3、ask(tellsb.(not)todosth.要求/告诉某人(不)作某事4、allowsb.todosth.允许某人作某事5、besupposedtodosth.应该作某事6、Wouldlike/want(sb.)todosth.想要作某事7、havesth/nothingtodo有…时要做/与…无关8、findit+adj.todosth.发觉作某事…9、prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事10、It’s+adj.forsb.todosth.作某事对某人来说…11、It’sbetter/besttodosth.最好做某事12、Ittakessb.st.todosth.某人做某事用了一些时间二、常用动名词的短语1、enjoy/like/lovedoingsth.喜欢做某事2、keep/keepon/carryon/goondoingsth.继续做某事3、feellikedoingsth.想要做某事4、practicedoingsth.练习作某事5、giveupdoingsth.放弃作某事6、begoodat/dowellindoingsth.擅长作某事7、payattentiontodoingsth.注意作某事8、whatabout/howaboutdoingsth.….怎么样(好吗)?9、Thankyoufordoingsth.为…感谢某人10、minddoingsth.介意作某事11、beusedfordoingsth./beusedtodosth.被用来作某事12、spend…(in)doingsth.花时间作某时13、bebusydoing/withsth.忙于作某事14、finishdoingsth.作完某时15、lookforwardtodoing.盼望做某事16、preferdoingsth.todoingsth.喜欢…胜过…17、be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯作某事18、keep/stop/preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人作某事三、省略动词不定式的短语1、一看二听三使役see/hear/feel/notice/lookat/listentosb.dosth.看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事make/let/havesb.dosth.使/让某人做某事2、helpsb.(to)dosth/withsth.帮助某人作某事3、hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事4、Whydon’tyou/notdosth.为什么不作某事5、Would/Will/Couldyouplease(not)dosth.请你(不)作某事好吗?四、同义词比较1、stoptodosth.停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stopdoingsth.停止正在作的事eg.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtalking.Afterheworkedforanhour,hestoppedtohavearest.2、forget/remembertodosth.忘记/记得要去作某事forget/rememberdoingsth.忘记记得曾经做过某事eg.Pleaseremembertobringmybooktoschool.Irememberdoingmyhomework3、usedtodosth.过去常常作某事beusedtodosth.被用来作某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于作某事eg.Myfatherusedtosmoke.Woodisusedtomakepaper.Iamusedtogettingupearly.4、So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语…也一样So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词是呀,表示赞同别人的观点Neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主语…也不一样(用于否定句)eg.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.It’safineday.Soitis.Shedoesn’tlikeeggs.NeitherdoI.5、too…todosth.太…而不能…so+adj./adv+that(从句)如此…以致…such+(a/an+adj.)+n.+that(从句)如此…以致…(not)enough(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事(不)够eg.Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.五、常考知识点1、keep+adj.保持…状态keep(sb.)doingsth.继续做某事/使某人老是做某事eg.Everyoneshouldkeepourclassroomclean.It’stoolate,buthestillkeepsworking.Lilyalwayskeepsuswaitingforher.2、make+n.使某人成为make+sb.+adj.使某人…makesb.dosth.使某人做某事Sb.bemadetosth.某人被迫做某事eg.WemadePeterourmonitor.Booksmakeushappy.Heoftenmakesmelaugh.Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.3、Idon’tthinkthat...我认为…不eg.Idon’tthinkyouareright.4、It’s/was/hasbeen+sometime+since+一般过去时…自从…以来有多久了
eg.Ithasbeentwoyearssincewemetlasttime.6、Whatdoyoumeanby/Whatdoes..mean?是什么意思?eg.Whatdoyoumeanby“computer”?/Whatdoes“computer”mean?7、Whatdoyouthinkof…/Howdoyoulike…?你认为…怎么样?eg.Whatdoyouthinkofthisfilm/Howdoyoulikethisfilm?初二英语上册Unit8Wheredidyoudoonvacation?一般过去时这一单元主要学习的是be动词的一般过去时态,一般过去时是谈论过去时最常用的时态,它可以表示短暂而很快就完成的动作和事情,时间较长的动作和状态以及重复发生的事情,句子中通常有明确的一般过去时的时间状语。本单元要求掌握下面几点:(1)常见的一般过去时时间状语yesterday昨天lastmonth上个月lastyear去年anhourago一小时前justnow刚才thedaybeforeyesterday前天amomentago刚才inthepast从前(2)be动词的过去时变化形式was单数were复数(you表示单数也要用were)(3)一般过去时的陈述句和疑问句形式陈述句形式同一般现在时形式一样,只需将be动词改为过去时即可。疑问句形式:be动词过去时的一般疑问句,须将was或were提到主语前。回答用yes或no。例如:“Wereyouatschoolyesterday?”“Yes,Iwas.”/“No,Iwasn’t.”“昨天你在学校吗?”“是的,在学校。”/“不,不在。”ShewasillathomelastSunday.上个星期天她生病在家。Iwasnotatworkyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午我没上班。Wasyourfatherathomelastnight?昨晚你爸爸在家吗?Mybrotherwasoutlastnight.昨晚我弟弟出去了。重难点全释1.Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪儿度假了? Iwenttothemountains.我去了山区。(1)这是一个特殊疑问句。由“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词+其它?”构成。由于是询问已发生的动作(过去的事情),所以助动词用过去式did,其后的动词用原形。 e.g.—Wheredidyougoyesterday?你昨天去了哪儿? —Ivisitedmyfriends.我去拜访了朋友。(2)与gotothemountains结构类似的词组还有:gotothebeach去海边 gotosummercamp去夏令营 gotoNewYork去纽约市 goonvacation去度假
gotoatrip去旅行 gotothemovies去看电影2.DidyougotocentralPark?你去中心公园了吗? Yes,Idid.是的,去了。 这是一个一般疑问句,由助动词提问,回答也用助动词。由于询问的是发生在过去的事,所以助动词用过去式did。一般过去时的一般疑问句的句子结构:Did+主语+动词原形+其它+?回答:※在过去时态中,无论主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数,助动词一律用did:e.g.3.Istayedathome.我呆在家里。(1)stay可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词。当它作不及物动词时就不能直接接宾语,其后接相应的介词短语,表地点(留在某地)或表状态(保持某种状态)。stayintheoffice继续任职(掌权) stayawake不睡(醒着) stayinthearmy留在部队中 stayathome呆在家中 e.g.We"restayinginthesamehotel.我们住在同一家旅馆。(2)home与house,family的区别 home指“家”这个概念,包括“住处”和“家人”。 house则指“房子”、“住宅”,侧重于建筑结构。family则指“家庭成员”。e.g.IwatchedTVathomelastmight.我昨晚在家里看电视。 Thishouseisverybeautiful.这房子真漂亮。 Myfamilyisasmallbuthappyone.我家人不多但很幸福。 MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人在看电视。 ※当family作整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;看作一个个成员时,谓语动词用复数。4.Howwasyourvacation,Lin?林,你的假期怎么样? Itwasprettygood.很不错。询问过去的状态,用动词的过去式。主语是单数用was,复数用were,e.g.Howwastheweather?(那时的)天气如何? Howwerethepeoplethere?那儿的人怎么样? Theywerefriendly.他们很友好。5.Wehadgreatfunplayinginthewater.在海里我们玩得很高兴。havefundoingsth.做某事很有乐趣e.g.WehavefunlearningEnglish.我们学英语很有乐趣。7.Ifoundasmallboycryinginthecorner.我发现一个小孩在角落里哭。findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事
e.g.WhenIcamein,Ifoundhimlyingonthefloor. 我进去时发现他躺在地板上。