2015届高考英语语法知识点复习学案4 10页

www.ks5u.com2015高考英语一轮训练（5）及答案（含书面表达）完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iagreewiththesayingthatsomepeople“seeoldmemoriesasachancetodealwiththepastandunitepastandpresent.”Manypeopleareso___1___bythingsthathappenedintheirpastthattheyarenotabletofocusonthe___2___.Forexample,inthebookCeremony,themaincharacter,Tayo,cannotconcentrateonthepresentbecausehecan’tforgethistroubledchildhoodand___3___continuestorelivethingsthathappenedduringthattime.However,pastmemoriescanhelppeopleto___4___inthepresent.A___5___exampleofpeoplelearningfromthepastwouldbetheMarshallPlan.Afterthe___6___ofWorldWarIIthereweremanywar-torncountriesaroundtheworldinneedof___7___assistancetohelprebuildtheircountries,andtheUnitedStateswouldhavetobetheoneto___8___thatassistance.ManyAmericanpoliticiansthoughtitwas___9___fortheUSgovernmenttospendmoneyabroadoncountriesthatwouldnotbeabletorepayitforalongtime.However,GeorgeMarshall,aformerUSgeneral,rememberedhowtheexactsame___10___of"whyshouldwespendmoneyonwar-tornnationsthatreallyoweusreparations(赔款)?"hadbeenusedafterWorldWarItowardsGermany.The___11___ofassistancetowardsGermanyafterWorldWarIhadcausedagiganticeconomicdepressioninGermanythathadmadetheMark(Germanmoney)virtually___12___.TheGermanpeoplebecamesodesperatethattheystarted___13___anextremeGermannationalistnamedAdolfHitler,whoeventuallystartedWorldWarII.MarshallknewthatiftheUSdidnot___14___war-tornGermanyand,especially,Japan,wecould___15___haveaWorldWarIIIonourhands.1.A.shocked  B.troubled  C.punished  D.annoyed2.A.memory  B.situation  C.present  D.future3.A.constantly B.innocently  C.ridiculously D.rarely4.A.forget  B.recover  C.enjoy   D.compare5.A.personal B.scientific  C.historical  D.commercial 6.A.conclusion B.decision  C.invasion  D.extension7.A.medical  B.political  C.economic  D.lawful8.A.need  B.provide  C.find   D.prevent9.A.reasonable B.necessary  C.difficult  D.foolish10.A.statement B.argument  C.suggestion  D.introduction11.A.intension B.request  C.influence  D.lack12.A.hopeless B.worthless  C.worldwide  D.valuable13.A.refusing B.employing  C.supporting  D.charging14.A.stop  B.warn   C.resist   D.help15.A.similarly B.simply   C.regularly  D.unlikely1.【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词及语境的理。A.震惊，震动；B.麻烦，烦恼，折磨；C.惩罚；D.打扰，恼怒。由“Forexample,inthebookCeremony,themaincharacter,Tayo,cannotconcentrateonthepresentbecausehecan’tforgethistroubledchildhood……”可知许多人被过去所发生的事情困扰。故选B。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.记忆；B.情况，形势，处境；C.现在，礼物；D.未来。由例子中的“Tayo,cannotconcentrateonthepresentbecausehecan’tforgethistroubledchildhood”可知许多被过去所困扰的人不能专注于现在。故选C。3.【答案】A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.不断地，时常地；B.纯洁地，无罪地；C.可笑地，荒谬地；D.很少地，罕有地。由“hecan’tforgethistroubledchildhood”可知他无法忘记困扰的童年，并时常不断地重新体验在那期间所发生的事情。故选A。4.【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.忘记；B.恢复，重新获得；C.享受，喜爱；D.比较。根据下文的马歇尔计划，可知过去的记忆能帮助人们比较现在。故选D。5.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.个人的；B.科学的；C.历史的；D.商业的。因为马歇尔计划是一个历史事件，所以选C。 6.【答案】A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.结论，结局；B.决定；C.入侵，侵略；D.延长，延期，扩展。由“thereweremanywar-torncountries”可知是在二战结束后。7.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.医学的；B.政治的；C.经济的；D.法律的。由“ManyAmericanpoliticiansthought……”可知需要的是政治援助。故选C。8.【答案】B【解析】考查动词及语境的理。A.需要；B.提供；C.发现；D.阻止。由“……theUSgovernmenttospendmoneyabroadoncountriesthatwouldnotbeabletorepayitforalongtime.”可知美国将是提供援助的那个国家。故选B。9.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.合理的，公道的；B.必要的，必需的；C.困难的；D.愚蠢的。“theUSgovernmenttospendmoneyabroadoncountriesthatwouldnotbeabletorepayitforalongtime.”美国为海外国家花钱，而且长时间内得不到回报，这似乎是愚蠢的。故选D。10.【答案】B【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.声明，陈述，报表；B.争论；C.建议，示意；D.介绍，引进。由“‘whyshouldwespendmoneyonwar-tornnationsthatreallyoweusreparations(赔款)?’hadbeenusedafterWorldWarItowardsGermany.”可以看出这是一次争论。故选B。11.【答案】D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A.强度，加剧；B.请求，需要；C.影响，势力；D.缺乏，不足。“causedagiganticeconomicdepressioninGermany”德国巨大的经济萧条，可推断是因为缺乏援助。12.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A.绝望的；B.无价值的；C.全世界的；D.有价值的。由前半句引起经济萧条，可知德国货币几乎无价值。故选B。13.【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词及语境的理解。A.拒绝；B.雇佣；C.支持；D.充电，控告。由“TheGermanpeoplebecamesodesperatethat……”他们在这种绝望的情况下，支持了极端的德国民族主义者希特勒。 14.【答案】D【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A.停止；B.警告；C.抵抗，忍耐；D.帮助。由前两句德国缺乏援助而最终爆发第二次世界大战，推断出如果这次不援助的遭受战争破坏的德国尤其是日本，会有第三次世界大战。故选D。15.【答案】A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A.同样地；B.简单地；C.有规律地，定期地；D.未必，不太可能的。由前面二战的爆发，推断出如果受战争侵害的国家得不到援助，同样会有第三次世界大战。故选A。阅读理解。“BEIJING,Sep.10(Xinhuanet)—Theextra-largemodelbabyintheSpainPavilion(馆)was‘conceived(构思)’byaSpanishfilmmaker,”ShiYingyingreports.Visitorsadmiringthe6.5-meter-highgiantbaby,Miguelin,intheSpainPavilionmaybesurprisedtorealizethatitwasnottheconceptofafamousdesigneroragroupofgroundbreakingengineers.Itcamefromonefilmmaker’sinterpretationofthemeaningof“BetterCity,BetterLife”.SpanishdirectorIsabelCoixetdevelopedtheideaafterbeingaskedtocontributetoExpo2010Shanghai.“TheyaskedmetodosomethingtotelltheChineseaudienceaboutSpaininthefutureandthefirstthingjumpingtomymindwasababy,”saidCoixet.“Ifwereallyfighttohavebettercars, bettercitiesandbetterlives,it’sforthem—forourchildren.”DespiteherSpanishheritage,Coixetdoesn’tfocusonmakingSpanishfilmsorusingSpainasthesetting.Fansofhervariousaward-winningfilms,includingMyLifeWithoutMe,TheSecretLifeofWordsandElegy,maynotevenbeawareofCoixet’sSpanishbackground.“Thebordersbetweencountriesarejustillusion(假象),”saidCoixet.“Somedirectorsfeelreallycomfortabletellingstoriesthatbelongtotheirterritory.”ButCoixetfeelstheopposite:“I’mmorecomfortableoutsidemycountry.Itgivesmeastrangefreedom.”Oneofherfavoritethingsaboutbeingadirectoristhefreedom.“Thethingisthattheworldiswideandthisfreedomletsyoumakefilmseverywhere,”shesaid.Coixet’scuriositytookherlatestexplorationandmovieworktoJapan.InthemovieMapoftheSoundofTokyo,theCatalanactorSergiLopezistheownerofawineshopinTokyo,andJapaneseactressRinkoKikuchiisayoungwomanwhoworksbothasafishmongerandasahiredkiller.Theclash(冲突)ofthetwopeople’sverydifferentworldsandthetango-likerelationshiptheydevelopisjustonerepresentationofwhatCoixetisabletoproducebymixingcultures.Whileshedoesn’tknowifshewillshootafilminShanghai,twothingshavecaughtherattention:Shanghainesewomenandcrickets(蟋蟀).Afterjustarrivinginthecity,shewassurprisedbythemixofoldChinesecultureinaboomingmetropolis.“Behindtheskyscrapers,thereisaflowerandbirdmarketwithheapsofcricketsandbirdcagesin,”shesaid.“I’mtotallyamazedwiththecity.”1.Thehugebabyrepresentstheideathat　　　.A.ourchildrenarethenewgenerationfullofimagination B.ourchildrenwilldevelopthefriendshipbetweenChinaandSpainC.ourchildrenareourfutureD.ourchildrenwillunderstandthemeaningof“BetterCity,BetterLife”2.WelearnfromthepassagethatCoixet’saward-winningfilmswereset　　　.A.onlyinSpainB.onlyinJapanC.mainlyinthecountriesoutsideSpainD.mainlyinthecountrieswithinEurope3.AccordingtoIsabelCoixet,aflowerandbirdmarketbehindthehighrises　　　.A.showspeopleinShanghaiarelivingarichlifespirituallyandmateriallyB.reflectsprosperityofthemarketC.indicatestheChinesepeopleareleadingapeacefullifeD.representsthetraditionalcultureofChina4.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat　　　.A.IsabelCoixetisdissatisfiedwiththedesignoftheextra-largemodelbabyB.amixofdifferentculturesisreflectedinIsabelCoixet’sfilmsC.IsabelCoixetfeelslesscomfortablewhilemakingfilmsallovertheworldD.IsabelCoixetdesignedthehugebabyaccordingtotherequirementofagroupofengineers【参考答案】6.CCAB　 阅读理解。　　Nowscientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingaffectshibernatinganimals,causingthemtowakeupearlier.Whilethismayseemalittleconcern,itisinfactasignificantenvironmentalproblem.Theshortenedhibernationperiodcouldactuallyleadtosignificantdeclinesinthepopulationofseveralspecies.SomeofthefirstconcreteevidenceofthephenomenoncamefromColorado,whereresearchersattheRockyMountainBiologicallabhavebeenobservingmarmot(旱獭)hibernationbehaviorsincethe1970s.Intheearlydaysoftheirstudies,marmotsgenerallyhibernatedseveralweeksintothemonthofMay.Nowadays,however,temperaturesintheareahaverisenby2.5degreesFahrenheit,andthemarmotswakeupaboutamonthearlier.Atleastthemarmotsarestillhibernating.Severalotheranimalshavenotbeenhibernatingatallrecently.BrownbearsintheSpanishCantabrianMountainsdidnothibernatelastyear.InpartsoftheUnitedStates,chipmunks(花鼠)alsoskippedthehibernationperiod.Thebearsseemtohavesurvivedwithoutlosingmanyindividuals.Thechipmunks,however,werenotsolucky.Manyoftheanimalsdiedofstarvationduringthewinter.Theproblemwithanimalswakingupearly,orskippinghibernationaltogether,lieswiththecreatures’metabolism(新陈代谢).Whentheanimalshibernate,theirmetabolismdropssignificantly.Theanimals’heartrateslows,andtheyrequireverylittleenergytolive.Whentheanimalsawakefromtheirwinterslumber,theirmetabolismreturnstonormal.Butwhiletheirmetabolismmaybeasactiveasitwasbeforehibernation,foodsourcesaren’tasavailableastheywerebefore.Amarmotmaywakeupwhentemperaturesgetwarmer,thinkingit’sspring,butplantswillnothavegottheamountofsuntheyneedtosignaltheirspringperiodofgrowth.Sountiltheplantsgrow,themarmotshavenoreliablefoodsource.Manyscientistsbelievetheproblemwillcontinuetogetworse.Inadditiontochangesinhibernationpatterns,somebelievethatotheranimalswillalsobegintochangetheirmigrationpatternsorbegintogivebirthearlier.Formanybiologists,that’sascaryprospect.TerryRoot,an animalexpertatStanfordUniversity,said,“Idothinkwhatwewillbefacingistheextinctionofmanyspecies.”【文章大意】全球变暖带来的连锁反应是多方面的,其中之一就是导致一些冬眠动物的冬眠期缩短,这会给这些动物带来巨大的影响。1.Whatistheviewpointofthewriter?A.Globalwarmingwillcontinuetogetworseastimegoeson.B.Globalwarmingwillleadtoshortenedhibernationofsomeanimals.C.Shortenedhibernationwillresultindeclinesinthepopulationofanimals.D.Someanimalswillskiphibernationaltogether.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句话可知答案为C。2.Thewritersetstheexampleofthemarmotsoasto　　　.A.explainthatglobalwarminginfluencesanimals’hibernationB.indicatethattheweathergetswarmerandwarmernowC.showthattheweatherintheUnitedStatesisquitedifferentD.saysomeanimalsdonothibernatenowduetowarmweather【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知作者是想借这个例子来说明全球变暖使得动物的冬眠期缩短了。3.Theunderlinedword“slumber”inthefourthparagraphmeans“　　　”.A.weather　　B.activity　　C.nest　　D.sleep【解析】选D。词义猜测题。联系本句中的awakefrom可知答案为D项。4.Whycan’tmarmotsfindenoughfoodwhentheywakeup?A.Becausetherearetoomanymarmotsinthewildnow.B.Becauseplantshaven’treceivedenoughsunlightforspringgrowth.C.Becausewinterdaysendmuchearlierthanbefore.D.Becausemoreandmoreanimalspeciesskiphibernationnow.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的butplantswillnothavegottheamountofsuntheyneedtosignaltheirspringperiodofgrowth可知答案为B项。9.TerryRootholdsa(n)　　　attitudetowardsthefutureofanimals.A.optimisticB.doubtful C.pessimisticD.sensitive【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话Idothinkwhatwewillbefacingistheextinctionofmanyspecies.可以看出他是持悲观态度。读写任务。阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Twoyearsago,whenIwasanoverseastudent,Iworkedearlymorningsandlatenightstopayformyschoolfees.Oneday,Iwasseriouslyillwithaveryhighfever.Ihadstayedathomeforafewdays,andIhadrunoutoffood.BecauseIhadbeeninthistownjustforashorttime,Ialsohadnofriendsnearbywhocouldhelp.SoIwentouttogetsomefood.Iwouldhavegonetothesupermarket,butonthisoccasion,Iwentintoasmallstorebecauseitwascloser.Ipickedupafewitems.WhenIhandedthemtotheshopkeeper,shesaid,“Youareunwell.”“Yes，”Inodded.ShepointedatthesalamiandbreadIwasbuyingandoffered,“Icanmakeyouasandwich,soyoudon’thavetodoityourself’.So,shemadethesandwichandaskedmetowaitamoment.Shewentinthebackroomandreturnedwithabowlofhotsoup.“Itwillwarmyouup,”shesaidwithagenuinesmile.Whatreallywarmedmeupwasnotthesoup,butherkindness.Itmademewanttobeaskindastheshopkeeperwhohadbeenkindtome.[写作内容]1.请你以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2.请你以约120个词以“善举的影响”为话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：(I)上文使你回忆起曾经有谁的爱心举动使你感到温暖；(2)在感到温暖之余，你是否受到这个举动的影响，会把这份爱心传递下去？为什么？(3)进入大学校园后，你将如何继续传递爱心？[写作要求]你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。【参考范文】读写任务 Whentheauthor,anoverseastudent,wasbadlyill,ashopkeepermadehimasandwichandofferedhotsoup.Feelingwarmwithherkindness,theauthordecidedtobeaskindasher.ThepassageremindsmeofMissChen,myteacherofChemistry,shejustencouragedmenottogiveup.sheevendideverythingtoeasemyanxiety.Itsoundslikenothingbig,butheractdidmakemefeelwarm.Withsuchateacher,thereisnodoubtthatIwillactasherinfuture.AslongasIdoso,otherscanalsofeelthekindnessofMissChen.WhenIenteracollege,Iwillkeepkindnessinmind.Ifpossible,Iwilltrytobecomeayouthvolunteer,whooffershelptoother.Nomatterhowharditis,Iwilldomybesttohelpthosepeopleinneed.