高中英语语法系列定语从句 5页

高中英语语法系列定语从句I.引入首先我们要对句子成分有一个简单的认识，如：(1)Themangavemeabookintheclassroomyesterday.(2)Thekindmangavemeaninterestingbook.(3)ThemanwithglassesgavemeabookaboutEnglish•(4)Themanlivingnexttousgavemeabook•(5)ThemanwhoteachesmeEnglishgavemeabook•从(2)(3)(4)(5)我们知道形容词，介词短语，分词短语，定语从句可以充当定语，修饰一个名词。II.简介修饰一个名或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的词叫先行词，先行词和从句之间有关系词连接，关系词起连接作用，并在从句中充当成分(主语，宾语，定语，状语)。(6)Themanwhosellsbookslivesnexttous・(7)Theschoolwherehestudiesisfarfromhere.(8)Iwillrememberthedaythatwespenttogether.(9)Theboywhosefatherdiedlastyearisverypoor请指出上面句子的定语从句，先行词，关系词以及关系词在从句中充当的成分。特别提示:从句和先行词不能隔开，从句只起连接作用，须要有主句。下面句子错误(10)Chengduzoowhichisthelargestinthesouthwest(11)Themanliveshere,whosellsbooks・III・关系词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词:when,where,why特别提75:关系词没有what,how.that人和物which物who人whom人whose人和物when时间where地点why原因as人和物主语宾语定语状语A・关系代词1.that在从句中代人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省; (12)JohnhasanunclehasastoreinNY.(13)ThemanIknowwellismyteacher•(14)Thisistheschoolwearegoingtovisitnextweek.2.which在从句中代物,作主语或宾语,作宾语可以省；(15)Thepaper/theyarelookingatwas500yearsago•(16)Thebuilding/neartheriverisourschool.3.who在从句屮代人,作主语或宾语，作宾语可以省；whom在从句中代物,作宾语,可以省；(17)Thisistheman/helpedme.(18)Thedoctor//youarelookingforisinthehouse•4.whose在从句中作定语，一般而言whose前后的名词有所属关系(19)IhaveanunclestoreisinNY•(20)Thegirlhandwritingisverygoodlivesnexttome.5.as代人或物,作主语或宾语,一般和thesameas,such...as,so...as搭配；(21)Ihavethesamebookasyouhave•(22)Heissuchagirlaswealllike•6.that和which都可代物作宾语,但在下列情况下只能用that;a.先行词为不定代词something,nothing,everything,anything.all时(23)Allisneededisalotofmoney.(24)Hehandedeverythinghestole•(25)Isthereanythingyouwanttobuy?b•先行词被all,any,every,no,some修饰时(26)Ihavereadallthebooksyougaveme.c.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时，(27)ThefirstplacewevisitedyesterdaywastheGreatWall.(28)Themostinterestingbook_Ihavereadis"GonewiththeWindd.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时(29)TheonlybookinterestedmeisJaneEyre.e.先行词既有人也有物时(30)Thecarranoveradogandaboywascrossingthestreet•7・从句动词带有介词时，如果不是固定搭配，可以把介词放在先行词和关系词之间，词是关系词用which或whom;(31)ThegirlIshookhandswithismyclassmate.CfThegirlwithIshookhandsismyclassmate.(32)Themantoyoutalkedisafriendofmine•B・关系副词关系副词when,where和why代时间，地点和原因,在从句屮作状语,如果先行词是时间,地点和原因时,从窃缺主语或宾语，仍用that,which.(33)IwillrememberthedayIjoinedthearmy.(34)Thefactoryheworksisfaraway•(35)Heexplainedthereasonhewaslate•(36)Heworksinafactorymakestoys• (37)IwillneverforgetthedayswespentinCQ•(38)Theschoolhestudies/hewillvisit/hewillvisithisteacherisverygood.特别提示:定语从句差主语，用that,which,who,as・差定语用whose。差宾语用that,which,who,whom,as・先行词为时间，地点，原因时，要特别注意从句的动词为及物还是不及物动词，及物动词带宾语或不及物动词，要选when,where,和whyIV・限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的内容，而非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，和主句之间用隔开。(39)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.(40)Isawthefilm“Gonewiththewincf：whichisaboutthecivilwarintheUSA.特别提示:关系词的选择和限制性定语从句一样，但是没有that,如:(41)GonewiththeWind,whichisaboutthecivilwarintheUS,isveryinteresting.(42)Helikeshisbrother,whoworksinthearmy.Cf•Helikeshisbrotherwhoworksinthearmy•(43)BJ,whichisourcapital,isverybeautiful.Cf•BJ,wherehestudies,isverybeautiful.重要考点:先行词为整个句子时，关系词用which或as,as可置于句首有“正如,就像”的意思，(44)Shemarriedagainsoon,whichsurprisedus•(45)Asweknow,theearthisround•(46)HemustbefromAfrica,whichcanbeseenfromhisskin.(47)Hisfatherdiedlastyear,whichmadehimsadallthetime.名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+关系代词的用法(48)Wehavereadfivebooks，oneofwhichiswrittenbyTom.(49)Hehastwosons，bothofwhomareteachers•(50)Therearefiveislands,thesmallestofwhichattractspeoplemost.记住:非限制性定语从句和并列句的关系并列句指两个分句用连词and,but,or,so等连接。非限制性定语从句一般可以和并列句互换。这是高考的考点，一定要认清有并列连词没有。没有并列连词要用关系代词。(51)Itoldhimnottogooutmanytimes,butitdidn"twork•(52)Itoldhimnottogooutmanytimes,whichdidn^twork.IV・其他1・先行词为theway关系词用that,inwhich或不要.(53)Idon5tlikethewayhespoketome•2•注意主谓一致(54)Hewasoneofthestudentswholateforclass.(55)Hewastheonlytheonlyoneofthestudentswholateforclass3•看清有先性词没有(56)Isthistheplaceshewasborn?(57)Isthistheschoolwearegoingtovisittomorrow? 练习:1•Wevisitedthebestfactorymakesthetoysforchildren.A•whereB.whichC•thisD•what2.1don9tlikeyouspeaktoher•A•thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich2•isknowntous,theearthisroundA.AsB.ItC.ThatD.This3•Tomwasoftenspeakinghighlyofhisroleintheplay,,ofcourse,madeothersunhappy.A•whoB.whichC.thisD.what4•Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintoherthroat.A.itB.whichC・thisD・that5•Hepaidtheboy10yuanforcleaningtenwindows,mostofhadn"tbeenwashedforatleastayear•A•theseB.thoseC.thatD•which6•Theweatherturnedtobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A・whatB.whichC.thatD・it8.1canstillrememberthesittingroommymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A•whatB.whichC•thatD.where9•Thecarranoveradogandaboy_wasjustcrossingthestreet.A•whichB•thatC•whoD.whom10•Hisuncleworksinafactorybikesaremade•A•thatB•whichC.whereD•there11•Theoldmanhastwosons,arelawyers•A.bothofwhomB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhoD•bothofthey12.Heisagreatmanwecanlearn•A•inwhomB•aboutwhomC•fromwhomD•ofwhom13.Doyouthemanjustnow?D•whomInoddedtohimD.whichofD.whichD/A•towhoInoddedB•InoddedtoC•whomInodded14•Pleasepassmethebookcoverisblack.A•whichB.itsC.whose15•Air,_webreatheveryday，isaroundus•A・thatB./C・what16.HemustbefromAfrica、canbeseenfromhisskin•A•that.B•whichCwhat17•Hisfatherdiedlastyear,madehimsadallthetimeA•whenB.whichC•asD.that18•Allisneededisthemoney•A•thethingB.whatC•thatD•which 9•Don"dosuchthings_youarenotsureabout.A.asB.whichC•whatD•that10•Thelastrivertheycrossedistwomileswide.A•whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhich