初中英语语法综合练习题(有答案) 41页

初中英语语法综合练习题（有答案）、单项选择       1、Theboylikes     questions.        A．ask                        B．answer         C．toask        2、We"lltry                         thereontime.        A．toget           B．getting          C．got        3、Theyhoped                   theirmothersoon.        A．tosee           B．saw                       C．seeing        4、I"mglad                          youagain.        A．meet            B．met                        C．tomeet         5、Heoftenhelpsme                            mybike.        A．mending                B．tomend                 C．tomended         6、IheardAlice                            inthenextdoor.        A．sings            B．sang                       C．sing        7、Theworkiseasy.Lethim               itbyhimself.        A．do                         B．todo            C．doing         8、HesawDick                           inandtakeabookaway.        A．came            B．coming         C．come        9、DoesJackwant             awriter?        A．be                          B．is                           C．tobe        10、Thebosshadthem                frommorningtonight.        A．worked                 B．working                 C．work         11、It"stime              home.        A．togo            B．went            C．going         12、Tomiskind.Hewouldlike                     you.        A．tohelp                  B．help                       C．helped         13、Don"tforget                           yourbookstoschool.        A．bring            B．tobring                 C．brought         14、Idon"tknow                         .        A．wheredoeshelive                            B．whatishedoing         C．wherehelives                                            D．whatheisdringit        15、Askhimhowmuch                       .        A．diditcost    B．costit          C．itcosted                D．itcosts16、Iwonder           usedfor.       A．whatwasthisroom                                    B．whichwasthisroom       C．whatthisroomwas                           D．thatthisroomwas        17、Ireallydon"tknow               .          A．wherehewasborn                               B．whereheisborn          C．wherewasheborn                               D．whereisheborn        18、Wehavenoiden                   .          A．howworriedwashe          B．howworriedhewas          C．thatwasheworried                             D．whatwasheworried         19、Hewantedtoknow                        there.        A．howlongtimeIhadbeen                 B．howlonghadIbeen         C．howlongIhadbeen                          D．howlongIwas         20、Mymotherwantstoknow                    .       A．howisTomgettingalong         B．howheisgettingalong         C．whatishegettingalong       D．whatheisgettingalong        21、Whatshallwedo                  itrainstomorrow?         A．if                       B．when            C．since22、Thedoctordidn"thavearest                           theoperationwasover.         A．before               B．after                      C．until23、Shedidn"tgotothecinema           shewasverybusy.         A．when                 B．until                      C．because   24、Hisparentsdidn"tsendtheirchildrentoschool              lifewashard.         A．if                       B．while            C．because  25、Finishdoingyourhomework              yougotobed.         A．before               B．until                      C．after 26、Thefilmwas                        interesting                 allofuswantedtoseeitagain.        A．as,as           B．so,that                  C．such,that27、                  heheardagirlcryingforhelpoutside,herushedoutoftheroom.         A．Before               B．Assoonas   C．after28、Thereare           studentsinClassOne                 inClassTwo.        A．asmany,than                                            B．asmuch,as        C．more,than                                         D．somany,as29、                  IwaswatchingTV,mysisterwasliteningtotheradioprogramme.        A．After           B．While           C．Before         30、Let"swaitforhim                           he                    back.         A．until,willcome                             B．until,came         C．if,willcome                                           D．until,comes        31、I"llremember                hertheletter.         A．give                   B．gave             C．togive 32、Heturnedontheradioandstopped                totheradio.         A．listened             B．tolisten                 C．listening         33、Hehaddecided            itagain.        A．written                  B．writing         C．towrite        34、It"scold.Youneed                warmclothes.        A．towear                 B．wearing                 C．wore        35、MrBlackmillagree               therewithyou.        A．togo            B．went            C．willgo        36、Theywereableto                          lastyear.        A．swam           B．swim            C．swimming        37、Sheispleased              herfriend.        A．tomeet                 B．met                        C．meeting         38、Theyweresorry                   that.        A．tohear         B．heard            C．hearing         39、Heissure           tomorrow.         A．tocome                 B．willcome     C．coming         40、Teachertoldus            quiet.        A．is                           B．are                         C．tobe         41、Hewillteachme          thisyear.        A．toskate                 B．skating         C．skated         42、Theyaskedhim           anynoise.        A．notmaking  B．nomake                C．nottomake        43、Didyouhearher                   thesonginEnglishlastnight?        A．sing                       B．sang                       C．tosing          D．sings        44、Thestudentsdon"tknow               next.        A．todowhat                                        B．whattodo        C．whatdo                                                      D．dowhat        45、Thebossmadethem             tenhoursaday.        A．worked                 B．working                 C．work            D．towork          46、I"dlikemygoodfriend                   tomyhome.        A．come            B．willcome     C．coming         D．tocome         47、Willyouhelpme                  thismorning?        A．dothewash                                      B．todothewash        C．dothewashing                                  D．doingthewashing         48、I"dlove                thatfilm,willitbeontomorrow?        A．see                        B．tosee           C．seeing           D．seen        49、Hetoldthem                         onwiththework.        A．togo            B．going            C．go                          D．went        50、We"lltry             theworkbeforeseveno"clock.        A．finished                 B．finish           C．tofinish                D．finishing        51、It"sraininghard.You"dbetter                 .       A．goout           B．notgoout    C．notogoout D．tonotgoout52、Thismathsproblemisdifficult.Letme          it over.          A．tothink           B．thinking                 C．think            D．thought         53、SorryI"vekeptyou               foralongtime.        A．wait                      B．towait         C．waiting                  D．waited         54、It"snoteasy                 aforeignlanguage.        A．learns           B．learn             C．tolearn                  D．learning         55、Thedoctorwasbusy            onthewomanatthattime.        A．operate                 B．operating               C．tooperate    D．operated   56、I"mhungry.Pleasegivemesomething                       .        A．eat                         B．eating           C．toeat           D．eaten         57、MrSmithenjoys                   tolightmusic.        A．listens          B．tolisten                 C．listening                D．listen         58、Itwasverylateatnighthestillwent on         .        A．works          B．worked                  C．working                 D．work         59、Whentheywalkedalongtheriver,theysuddenlyheardsomebody               forhelp.        A．call                        B．calling          C．called           D．tocall         60、Stop          andlistentomecarefullysaidtheteacher.        A．totalk          B．talking          C．talk                        D．talks         61、Theteacheraskedme            thequestioninEnglish.        A．answer                  B．toanswer              C．answered               D．answering         62、Itwaseleveno"clock,shestoppedthechildfrom                        TV.        A．watch          B．watching               C．towatch                D．watched         63、Heisstrongenougn              thebox.        A．carry            B．tocarry                 C．carrying                 D．carries          64、Pleasebequiet.You              talkloudlyinthelibrary.        A．needn"t                  B．mustn"t                  C．need             D．must         65、Don"tbelate.You                          bethereontime.        A．must            B．can                        C．may                       D．needn"t         66、"                 IspeaktoAnn?""Speaking."        A．Must           B．May                      C．Need            D．Shall         67、I"velookedformypeneverywhere,butI                  findit.        A．couldn"t                 B．can"t                      C．mustn"t                  D．didn"t         68、Excuseme           Iaskyouaquestion?        A．will                       B．do                          C．may                       D．would         69、Thissciencebook                           goodcareof.        A．mustbetake                                     B．musttake         C．mustbetaken                                             D．musttobetaken         70、"MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?""No,you                 ."        A．mustn"t                 B．can"t                      C．needn"t         D．maynot          71、"Youmustbehereatsixtomorrowmorning.""SorryI               beheresoearly."        A．need             B．must            C．may                       D．can"t         72、          youanswerthetelephone,please?        A．Must           B．May                     C．Need            D．Could         73、Don"tbelate.You                 bethereontime.        A．must            B．can                        C．may                       D．needn"t         74、We             catchupwithyou.Pleasespeakalittlemoreslowly.        A．can                        B．can"t                      C．maynot                D．must          75、Thiswatch                   nextMonday.        A．canmended                                       B．canbemended        C．canbemend                                      D．canbemending         76、Thestars            inthedaytime.        A．can"tbesee                                       B．can"tsee        C．can"tbesaw                                      D．can"tbeseen         77、Tomwasveryhungry          heateallthecakes.        A．and                        B．but                        C．so                          D．or         78、Theteacherisverytired                sheisstillworkingveryhard.        A．but                        B．so                          C．and                        D．or         79、MrWanghasworkedthere            itopened.        A．because                 B．since            C．for                         D．so         80、We"llgotovisittheGreatWall               itdoesn"traintomorrow.         A．since            B．before          C．when            D．if        81、          Icameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.        A．When           B．While           C．Which          D．Since         82、It"salongtime             wemetlast.        A．before          B．after                      C．since            D．so         83、Ididn"twatchTV                  Ifinishedmywork.        A．after             B．when            C．while            D．until  84、Ihear                  easy.        A．thatphysicsisn"t                              B．ifphysicsisn"t        C．whatphysicsis                                D．thatphysics         85、Shetoleme                  herteacher.        A．MrGreenis                                      B．thatMrGreenis        C．ifMrGreenwas                               D．MrGreenwas          86、Doyouknow              tothatpostoffece?        A．Howmuchisit                                 B．howfaritis        C．howfarisit                                      D．howlongitis         87、Doyourememberhowmanytimes                 toAmerica?        A．haveyoubeen                                            B．hadyoubeen        C．didyougo                                         D．youhavebeen         88、Ididn"tknow                         intheclassroom.        A．isshe           B．ifsheis                 C．ifwasshe    D．ifshewas         89、Doesanybodyknow            forXi"antomerrow?        A．ifisLicyleaving                               B．ifLucyleaves        C．thatLucyisleaving                                    D．thatLicyleaves         90、Doyouknow              backsoon?        A．whenshewillcome                          B．ifwillshecome         C．ifshewillcome                                 D．ifshecomes         91、Iheard                badlyhurt.        A．thathissonis                                            B．ifhissonwas        C．thathissonwas                                D．ifhissonwas         92、I"mnotsure                  thisway.        A．thewordcanbeused                        B．ifcanthewordbeused        C．ifthewordcanbeused                     D．thatthewordcanbeused         93、Idon"tknow                         .        A．what"shisname                                B．whatnameishis        C．whathisnameis                               D．whatwashisname         94、Doyouknow              soworried?        A．whyisyourfriend                                     B．whywasyourfriend        C．whyyourfriendis                            D．howisyourfriend         95、Doyouknow             ?         A．whoseclildheis                               B．whosechildishe        C．whoseclildheis                             D．who"schildheis         96、Heaskedwhichpicture                 .        A．IsMike"s              B．Mike"swas  C．wasMike"s  D．Mike"sis         97、Canyoutellmehowoften             toseehisbrother?        A．doeshego   B．hegoes                  C．hego            D．heis         98、Theteacherdidn"ttellme               tohaveatestnextweek.            A．ifwearegoing                                  B．ifweweregoing        C．thatwearegoing                               D．wearegoing1?D5CAACB             6?D10        CACCC             11?D15      AABBD 16?D20      CABCB             21?D25      ACCDA             26?D30      BBCBD 31?D35      CBCAA             36?D40      BAAAC             41?D45      ACABC   46?D50      DCBAC             51?D55      BCCCB              56?D60      CCCBB61?D65      BBBBA             66?D70      BBCCC              71?D75      DDABB    76?D80      DCABD             81?D85      ACDAD            86?D90      BDDCC  91?D95      CCCCA             96?D98      CBB 定语从句专项练习题及详解50题1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren"sPalace（少年宫）.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I"llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we"llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking. A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who"sC.whichD.whose14.I"minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn"tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch. A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon"tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You"retheonlyperson______I"veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican"tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether. A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn"tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn"tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph. A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse. A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen参考答案及解析1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2．C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。 9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词. 20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor"以……..而闻名".26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29.D.forwhich在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why来替代.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.bothofwhich用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.hemakes是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定语从句.41.A.whathappened是宾语从句.all之后thatheknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是whoowncars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是Thenumberof指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44.D.thatfollowed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。46.B.throughwhich引导定语从句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。 47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不难看出，作表语的theschool是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48.A.解释见35题。49.C.因为是twoballpens,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的hasbeen。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。用关系代词填空:1.Theperson_______theytalkedaboutisanexpertongeography.2.Heisakind-heartedman_______iswillingtohelpthoseintrouble.3.Inthehospitalsarethepatients_______thedoctorsandnurseslookaftercarefully.4.Thefilmisaboutaman_______wifeisaspy.5Livinginahouse_______windowsaremadeofpaperwouldbehorrible.6Atthegiftshopheboughtanexpensivepen_______wasmadeinFrance.7Lastmonthwevisitedabigfactory_______producedcarsandbuses.8Idon’tbelieveanything_______hesaid.9Thisisthemostinterestingstory_______he’sheard.10Thefirstthing______wemustdonowistomend theseshoes.11Thelab______theysetupisequippedwithcomputers.12I’llneverforgetthevillage_______Ivisitedthissummerholiday.13NationalDayistheday_______mostofthepeoplecanremember.14Idon’tbelievethereason______hetoldmeforhisbeinglate.★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/清华大学英语教授50年研究成果现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法1.表示说话时正在进行的动作常和now连用，有时用一个look、listen,来表now这一时间概念。*Look!Atrainiscoming.看，火车来了。*Listen!Heisplayingthepiano.听，他在弹琴。2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和atpresent,thisweek,thesedays…等时间状语连用。*Whatlessonareyoustudyingthisweek?你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学）3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作即是说可以用来代替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return.sleep *AreyougoingtoTianjintomorrow?你明天去天津吗?*Howmanyofyouarecomingtothepartynextweek?你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？三、一般将来时█一般将来时1.begoingto+动词原形~对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以begoingto+动词原形的句型来表示。因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am,is,are,决定于主语。1.肯定句：主语+be(is,am,are)goingto+动词原形IamgoingtoplayfootballnextSunday.下周日我打算踢足球。◇Heisgoingtotravelaroundtheworld.他计划周游世界。◇Theyaregoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.他们打算在校门口见面。◇Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。2.否定句：主语+be(am,are,is)notgoingto+动词原形Wearenotgoingtohaveanyclassesnextweek.下周我们不上课。◇I’mnotgoingtobeateacher.我不打算当老师。◇Heisn’tgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow.他明天不准备去看他哥哥。3.疑问句：Be(Am,Is,Are)+主语+goingto+动词原形◇Areyougoingtobeadoctorwhenyougrowup?你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？Yes,Iam.是的，我打算当。No,I’mnot.不，我不打算当。will同begoingto的用法相同以今天为起点的所有将来时间，如：thisafternoon/thisevening=tonight/tomorrow/ tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening,thedayaftertomorrow/nextweek,nextWednesday/nextmonth,nextSeptember/nextyear.★“begoingto+动词原形”表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作，常和thisafternoon（今天下午），thisevening=tonight（今晚），tomorrow（明天），tomorrowmorning(afternoon,evening)（明早，午，晚），thedayaftertomorrow（后天），nextSunday（下个星期天），nextweek(下周)，nextmonth(下个月)，nextyear(明年)等的时间状语连用，前不加任何介词。另外，动作性动词go,come和leave等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作。四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1．比较级：句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级，其标志词是than,much,alittle,even和still等。e.g.①Herhairismuchlongerthanmine.她的头发比我的长多了。②I’malittleolderthanyou.我比你大一点儿。2．最高级：句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级，其标志词是表示范围的in…或of…介词短语。在句子中，形容词最高级前必须加the。e.g.①Theboyisthetallestinourclass.这个男孩是我们班最高的。②Whichisthebiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?★形容词的比较级和最高级：形容词有三种等级：原级、比较级、最高级。3．原级：句中只有一者时用原级，其标志词是very,so,too,quite等。e.g.Hishandwritingisverygood.他的书法很好。（一个人不作比较。） ★形容词比较级和最高级的构成：1.一般在原级后加er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。e.g.smallsmallersmallestyoungyoungeryoungest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，直接加r或st构成比较级和最高级。e.g.nicenicernicestlatelaterlatest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加er或est,构成比较级和最高级。e.g.busybusierbusiestheavyheavierheaviest4.在重读闭音节中，末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，构成比较级和最高级。e.g.hothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化，需个别记忆。e.g.good(well)betterbestbad(badly,ill)worseworstmany(much)moremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthest或furtherfurthest★副词的比较级和最高级：1.以ly结尾的副词，除early变为earlier和earliest外，其余一律在其前加more和most。如：carefully–morecarefully–mostcarefully2.规则变化直接加er和est。如：fast–faster—fastest3.个别词是不规则变化，需要特别记忆。 4.句子中，副词最高级前的the可省略也可以不省略，但形容词最高级前面的the绝对不能去掉。e.g.Whoruns(the)fastest,Tom,JimorMike?五、提建议的表达方法、表示需要、询问方向、指点方向★表示建议的基本句型1.ShallI/we+动词原形？2.Whydon’tyou+动词原形=Whynot+动词原形3.Let’s+动词原形4.What/Howabout+doingsth.★表示需要的基本句型1.表示需要用need。它可当情态动词和行为动词用。e.g.①Weneedyourhelp.（行为动词）我们需要你的帮助。②Theyneedfinishreadingthebooktoday.(情态动词)他们需要今天看完这本书。2.询问方向，主要有以下几种表达方式：⑴Isthereabusstationnearhere?附近有汽车站吗？⑵Whereisthenearestbusstop/station?最近的汽车站在哪里？⑶Whichisthewaytothebusstation?去汽车站的路是那一条？⑷HowcanIgotothebusstation?如何去公共汽车站？3.指点方向，主要有以下几种表达方式：⑴Go/walkalongtheroad/street.沿着这条路/街走。⑵Takethefirst(second…)turningontheright/left.在第一（二……）个路口向右/左转。⑶It’snextto(infrontof,behind…)它在……旁边（前面，后面……）⑷It’saboutahundredmetresalongontheleft. 它在左前方大约一百米处。⑸Turnright/left.=turntotheright/left.向右/左拐。六、一般过去时◆一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态。在句子中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。1.Hewalkstoschool.(一般现在时)2.Hewalkedtoschool.(一般过去时)例如：例1．中的动词walks时现在式,由于主语是第三人称单数he，因此原因的walk必须加上“s”,表示目前习惯性、经常性动作。可译为“他现在经常步行上学”。例2．中的动词walked是过去式，过去式是叙述过去事情的动词形式，所以这句话时表示的是过去的某时，例如昨天、上周或学生时代等过去的某一时间，这句可译为“他曾经步行上学”。◆be动词的过去式be动词的过去时的句型如下：肯定句：主语+be动词的过去式（was,were）~否定句：主语+be动词的过去式（was,were）+not~疑问句：be动词的过去式（was,were）+主语~？○Hewasbusyyesterday.(肯定句)他昨天很忙。○Hewasnotbusyyesterday.(否定句)他昨天不忙。○Washebusyyesterday?(疑问句)他昨天忙吗？1.be动词过去时的肯定句MikewasintheUnitedStateslastyear.麦克去年在美国。比较be动词的现在式和过去式：Thereis(are)的句型用于一般过去时需把is，are变为它们的过去式：Therewas(were)…2.be动词过去式的否定句HewasnotinCanadalastyear.他去年不在加拿大。 be动词过去时的否定句的结构和现在时一样，只要在be动词过去式（was,were）后面加上not就可以了。否定式的wasnot,werenot大多使用缩写形式wasn’t和weren’t.○Iwasn’tbusytheotherday.前几天我不忙。3.be动词的过去时的疑问句（一般疑问句/特殊疑问句）WasitraininginBeijingyesterday?No,itwasn’t.Itwascloudy.昨天北京下雨了吗？不，没下雨。昨天北京阴天。be动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一样，只要把be动词的过去式was,were调到主语前面即可。was(were)+主语~？回答时，需要用Yes,…was(were).或No…wasn’t(weren’t)○Wasyourfatherfreethismorning?今天上午你爸爸有空吗？Yes,hewas.是的，他有空。No,hewasn’t.不，他没空。◆一般动词的过去时一般动词过去式的基本句型如下：肯定句：主语+动词的过去式~否定句：主语+didnot+动词原形~疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形~？○Heplayedtennislastweek.(肯定句)他上周打网球了。○Hedidnotplaytennislastweek.(否定句)上周他没打网球。○Didheplaytennislastweek?(疑问句)上周他打网球了吗？1.一般动词过去式的肯定句Wehadagoodtimeyesterday.昨天我们过得很愉快。Hehadagoodtimeyesterday.昨天他过得很高兴。 一般过去时没有人称和数的变化。因此，主语即使是单数、第三人称，也和其他人称一样变化。○IwatchedTVforanhour.我看了一个小时的电视。○ShestudiedRussiantwoyearsago.两年前他学俄语。2.一般动词过去时的否定句Wedidnothaveagoodtimeyesterday.昨天我们过得不好。一般动词过去时的否定句的结构和一般现在时够定句的结构一样，不论主语是第几人称，还是单、复数，在主语后面加上didnot（而不是donot,或doesnot）就可以了。否定式didnot常用缩写形式didn’t。○Hedidn’thaveclassesthismorning.今天上午他没课.○Youdidn’tdoyourbesttodoit.你没有尽力去做。3.一般动词过去时的疑问句Didhegothere?他去那了吗？Yes,hedid.(No,hedidn’t.)是的，他去了。（不，他没去。）Whendidyougetupthismorning?Atsix.今天早晨你几点钟起床的？六点钟。一般动词过去时一般疑问句的结构和一般现在时一般疑问句的结构一样，无论主语是第几人称，单数、复数，在主语前面加上did即可。○DidTomgowithyou?汤姆和你一起去的吗？Yes,hedid.(No,hedidn’t.)是的。（不，不是的）○Howmanysubjectsdidyoustudylastterm? 上学期你们学习几门功课？Westudiedseven.我们学习七门课。比较一般动词的现在时和过去时一般现在时一般过去时肯定句Igo~.Hegoes~.Iwent~.Hewent~.否定句Idon’tgo~.Hedoesn’tgo~.Ididn’tgo~.Hedidn’tgo~.疑问句Doyougo~?Doeshego~?Didyougo~?Didhego~?◆一般过去时的基本用法1.带有确定的过去时间状语时，要用过去时如：yesterday(昨天),twodaysago（两天前）,lastyear（去年）.,theotherday（前几天）,onceuponatime（过去曾经）,justnow（刚才）,intheolddays（过去的日子里）,beforeliberation（解放前）,whenIwas8yearsold（当我八岁时）.2.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 ○Theboyopenedhiseyesforamoment,lookedatthecaptain,anddied.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。3.表示过去一段时间内经常反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。○Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。（只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）试比较：○Mrs.Peteralwayscarriesanumbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞。）○Ineverdrankwine.我以前从不喝酒。（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒。）4.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用usedtodo○Heusedtodrink.他过去喝酒。（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了。）5.有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时，这一点，我们要特别注意。○Ididn’tknowyouwereinPairs.我不知道你在巴黎。（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：ButnowIknowyouarehere.）○Ithoughtyouwereill.我以为你病了呢。（这句话应是在说话前，我以为你病了，但是现在我知道你没病。）七、反意疑问句█.反意疑问句(Tagquestions) 在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分（陈述句）之后用逗号，后一部分（简短问句）之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形成，同时它的主语必须用人称代词，不能用名词。前一部分用降调，后一部分在表示疑问句时用升调。反意疑问句分为两类：1.前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。2.前一部分为否定式，后一部分是肯定句。★陈述句（肯定式），+疑问部分（否定式）？1.be动词和一般动词（实意动词）构成的反意疑问句be动词句型现在……,isn’t(aren’t)+主语？过去……,wasn’t(weren’t)+主语？一般动词句型：现在……,don’t(doesn’t)+主语？过去……,didn’t+主语？◇Thepenisyours,isn’tit?这笔是你的，不是吗？◇LucylikesEnglish,doesn’tshe?露西喜欢英语，不是吗？Yes,shedoes.是的，她喜欢。No,shedoesn’t不，她不喜欢。2.情态动词的反意疑问句◇Yourbrothercanswim,can’the?你的哥哥会游泳，不是吗？Yes,hecan.No,hecan’t.◇Wehavetofinishit,don’twe?我们不得不完成它，不是吗？Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t. ◇Theworkershadtotakethefirstbus,didn’tthey?工人们不得不上头班车，不是吗？Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.★陈述句（否定式），+疑问句（肯定句）？这种反意疑问句的结构和第一部分一样，只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。这部分的难点在于回答，回答和汉语习惯不同。在这种问句中，先不要管yes和no，按实际情况，如果答语是肯定式的，就要用Yes+肯定结构，如果答语是否定的，就要用No+否定结构◇Youaren’tateacher,areyou?你不是老师，是吗？Yes,Iam.不，我是。No,Iamnot.是的，我不是。◇Youdon’tstudyChinese,doyou?你们不学中文，是吗？Yes,wedo.不，我们学中文。◇Yourclassmatesdidn’thaveagoodtimelastsummer,didthey?你的同学们去年暑假没过好，是吗？Yes,theydid.不，他们过得很好。No,theydidn’t.是的，他们过的不好。★其他类型的反意疑问句1.祈使句的反意疑问句a．在肯定的祈使句后，为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气，可加一个简短的问句，如：Willyou?wouldyou?won’tyou?canyou?couldyou?can’tyou?最常见的是willyou？或won’tyou?◇Openthewindow,willyou?请打开窗子，好吗？ b.在let’s祈使句后加上shallwe?或shan’twe?在letus(me,him…)后加上willyou?或won’tyou?2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意义的某些词，如：never,seldom,hardly,few,little,nobody,noone,nothing,neither…,疑问部分必须用肯定式。3.陈述部分是therebe结构时，疑问部分用there，省略主语代词。4.陈述句部分如果有everything,nothing….表示事物的词作主语时，疑问部分的主语用it，陈述部分如果有everyone,noone,someone…..表示人的不定代词作主语时，疑问部分常用they（有时也用he）.◇Everythinghereisdirty,isn’tit?这的所有东西都脏，不是吗？八、邀请和应答、请求许可█英语中表达请求允许的句型很多，在不同的场合要用不同的句式来表达。1.常见表示“请求”“允许”的句式。①MayI…?我可以干……吗？②Can/CouldI…?我能干……吗？③ShallI/we…?我/咱们干……好吗？④Wouldyoulike/loveto…?你愿意干……吗？⑤Will(would)youplease…?请你干……好吗？⑥What/Howaboutdoing…?干……怎么样？2.常见“应答”的句式：①Yes,ofcourse.当然可以。②Sure/Certainly.当然可以。③That’sOK./That’sallright.好吧，行。④Yes,please.好的，请（做吧）。⑤I’dlove/liketo.很乐意。⑥Withpleasure.很乐意。 ⑦Goodidea!好主意。3.表示“不允许”的答语有：①I’msorry,but……对不起，不过……②I’msorry,but….对不起,你不能。③You’dbetternot….你最好别……④I’mafraidIcan’t.恐怕我不行。⑤No,thanks.不，谢谢。