高二英语语法复习学案 5页

高二英语语法复习学案---it用法一、it用法归纳：1.指代前面提到过的事物，性别不明的人或未指明但双方都明白的事情或情况。---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It’sme.(指性别不明)★注意区分：itoneonesthatthoseit:特指前文提到的同一个具体事物one：泛指的某一个；用于代替a(n)+可数名词单数；one可有前置或后置定语ones：泛指的某一些；用于代替可数名词复数that：特指的同一类；用于代替the+可数名词单数或不可数名词；that常有后置定语those：特指的同一类；用于代替the+可数名词的复数2、用作非人称代词，表示时间、日期、地点、天气、温度、距离、环境等。It’sabeautifulday.It’stimeforthemeeting.3.it可放于句首作形式主语，真正的主语放在后面，一般由从句、动名词或不定式等充当。★注意：常见用it代替动名词的结构有：It’snouse/nogood/worthwhile/awaste/fundoingsth.e.g.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。4.it用作形式宾语，常由不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句充当真正的宾语。常见结构：人+think/feel(认为，相信)/consider(认为)/make(使变得；使成为)/find+it+形容词或名词+todosth/that从句e.g.ImakeitaruletoreviewalltheimportantpointsthatIhavelearnedeveryweek.Shethoughtitnogoodworryingabouthim.5.某些表示“喜欢、恨”的动词，如：(feel)like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate等,后先加it再加从句:appreciate/like/love/hate/dislike+it+if/when从句e.g.如果你能帮我学英语我将不胜感激。____________________________________________6.it用于强调句型（1）强调句型的基本结构为：（2）被强调部分为除谓语动词外的主语、状语、宾语、宾语补足语等成分。被强调部分是人时，可用；被强调部分是物时只能用。（3）强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：（4）not…until…句型的强调句：练习：直到我去了美国我才意识到学习英语的重要性。(用强调句型)7.it其他常用句型①Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesb.didsth.自从---以来多长时间ItistwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.②Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+sb.do/doessth. Itwas(not)+时间段+before+sb.didsth.肯定：多久之后才……否定：不久之后就……Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.（before引导时间状语从句）③Itisthefirst/second---timethatsb.has/havedonesth.“这是某人第几次做某事”Itwasthefirst/second---timethatsb.haddonesth.8.it构成的常见的固定搭配：takeiteasy别紧张，放松点makeit规定时间；成功做到；赶上forgetit没关系manageitthat’sit这就对了，就这样I’vegotit.我明白了。IfIcan(not)helpit.如果我有/没有办法的话keepitup再接再厉二、巩固练习：I.用one,ones,that,those填空：1.Therearelotsofnewbooksandold_________inourlibrary.2.Thehouseofthericharegenerallylargerthan________ofthepoor.3.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan________ofJapan.4.Abridgemadeofstoneisstrongerthan_______madeofwood.5.__________humanactivity_____hascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.6.Youstartedsmokingsometimeagoandnowyouarefinding_____difficulttogive____up.7._____seemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.II.单项填空：1.---Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.---Whenwas________?---________wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It2.Thedoctorthought_______wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.________wastenyearssincewemeteachotherlasttime.A.ItB.ThisC.ThatD.One4.________isafactthatChineseisbeinglearnedbymoreandmoreforeigners.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It5.Ihate______whenpeopletalkmuchwheneating.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them6.Myuncleboughtahousebut_______stillneedsrepairing.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which7.Was______thegirlwhohelpedyouwhenyouwereintrouble?A.itB.thatC.thisD.one8.IfIcanhelp______,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them 高二英语语法复习学案答案一、5.IwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.6.（1）Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分（2）that/who;that（3）Was/Is+it+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分?特殊疑问词+Was/Is+it+that/who+其它部分?（4）句式：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分ItwasnotuntilIwenttoAmericathatIrealizedtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.I.1.ones2.those3.that4.one5.Itis;that6.it;it7.ItII.DDADABAC语法学案-----ing形式动词的-ing形式、过去分词和不定式被统称为非谓语动词。顾名思义，这类动词不能在句中作谓语，但却可以作主语、宾语、宾补（主补）、定语、状语、表语等成分。非谓语动词是高考的一个重要考点。一.–ing形式(否定式：______________)1.-ing形式的一般式/被动式(doing/beingdone)-ing形式可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等；beingdone多作主语、宾语、后置定语、宾补。注意：①be+过去分词+介词短语作状语和定语时，去掉be,即用过去分词形式。如：____________(埋头苦读)theirbookseveryday,today’smiddleschoolstudentshavelittletimetodevelopwhattheyarereallygoodatandinterestedin.②being+过去分词常不作状语2.-ing形式的完成式/完成被动式（havingdone/havingbeendone）多作宾语、主语和原因状语和时间状语。注意：-ing形式的完成式/完成被动式（havingdone/havingbeendone）常不作_________________。3.动名词的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/人称代词的宾格/名词所有格/名词普通格+ing形式构成，可以作主语、宾语。动名词复合结构作主语时常用__________________________________。①Ourbeinglate/Mary’sbeinglatecausedthehostesstoservedinneranhourlate.②Weapologizedtoherforus/ourbeinglate.二、相应的注意事项：①宾语1.只接-ing形式作宾语的动词：admit,advise,allow,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,fancy,finish,forbid,imagine,mind,permit,practise,suggest等。2.含有介词to的常用短语：payattentionto;lookforwardto;stickto;thanksto;owingto;leadto;makecontributionsto;bedevotedto;getdownto;be/getusedto(习惯于),3.need/want/require/deserve+doing形式，表示被动意义（主动表被动），相当于need/want/require/deserve+tobedone（注意:此时要满足句子主语和need/want/require/deserve后的动词构成逻辑动宾关系）4.可接-ing形式和todo作宾语，但表示的意义不同：remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,go on等。②状语1)用-ing形式作状语，要确保______________________________________.WalkinginthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.2)-ing形式作结果状语时，常表示_________________的结果。而动词不定式作作结果状语时，常表示出乎意料的结果。如：Irushedtothestation,____________________________(结果发现火车已经开走了).3)有些分词短语，作状语时无形式的变化，不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。这类分词短语有：takingsth.intoconsideration(把……考虑在内)；judgingby/from(根据……判断)；generallyspeaking(一般来说)；comparedto/with与……相比③宾补感官动词see;watch;observe;lookat;hear;listento;notice等后的宾补有三种形式，即动词原形（不带to的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表__________________；过去分词表被动或完成；动词原形表主动和事情全过程。如：IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(表主动和全过程)IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(表主动和正在进行)昨天我经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。IheardtheEnglishsongsungmanytimes.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。(表被动和完成)④定语不定式的被动式、过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别：这三种形式作定语，主要体现在动作的时间上。过去分词表示的动作多发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。现在分词的被动式作定语表示的动作正在发生或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.⑤with复合结构的构成：with+宾语+-ing/-ed/todo/adj.(短语）/adv.(短语)/prep.短语/n.，在句中作状语或后置定语。如：(1)Theguardstoodtherewithaguninhishand.卫兵手拿着枪站在那儿。(2)Withproductionupby60%,thecompanyhasanotherexcellentyear.产量上升了60%，对这家公司来说又是一个很好的一年。（2000年高考）(3)_______________________,hecan’tsparetimeforaholiday.有许多问题要解决，他抽不出时间去度假。(4)作后置定语Whoisthegirlwithflowersinherhand?手里拿着花的那个女孩是谁？Iliveinahousewithitswindowsfacing(tothe)south.我住在一个窗户朝南的房子里。翻译：1.她不习惯别人那样跟她讲话。（be/getusedto）________________________________________________________.2.不满意他的薪水，他决定要换工作。_____________________________________________________________.跟踪练习：1.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,________withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling2.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________forhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called3.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat. A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing4.Mrs.Dianadoesn’tallow________inherlivingroomandIdon’tallowmyfamily________atall.A.smoking;tosmokeB.tosmoke;smokingC.tosmoke;tosmokeD.smoking;smoking5.________asuccessfuloperation,thepatientisexpectedtorecoverfromhisillnesswithinamonth.A.HavinggivenB.HavingbeengivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven6.“Can’tyoureadacitymap?”Jacksaid_________tothemaponthewall.A.andangrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.angrilypointing7.Withwinter________,themountainswillsoonbecoveredwithsnow.A.cameB.comesC.comeD.coming8.Thelivingroomneeds________,andheisconsideringhavingit________.A.painting;paintedB.painted;paintingC.painting;paintingD.painted;painted9.---What’smadeMarysohappy?---________thefirstplaceinthespeechcompetition.A.WinningB.WonC.BecauseofwinningD.Sinceshewon语法学案---“it”的用法答案提示一、4.（1）Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分（2）that/whothat（3）Was/Is+it+被强调部分+that/who+其它部分?特殊疑问词+Was/Is+it+that/who+其它部分?（4）句式：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分二、I.I.1.ItwasnotuntilIwenttoAmericathatIrealizedtheimportanceoflearningEnglish.2.Wherewasitthatyougottheinformation?3.him4.amleavingfor5.Hedoesmakealivingbysellingvegetables.II.1.ones2.those3.that4.oneIII.DDADABA语法学案----ing形式答案一．not+-ing形式；Buriedin；定语和宾补;形容词性物主代词/名词所有格(’s)+ing形式;二．-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致；顺其自然；onlytofindthetrainhasalreadygone;主动或正在进行;Withsomanyproblemstosettle;翻译：1.Shedoesn’tgetusedtobeingspokentolikethat.2.Notsatisfyingwithhispay,hedecidedtochangehisjob.跟踪练习：DADABDDAA