高中英语语法复习代词的使用 14页

高中英语语法代词的使用代词在阅读过程中是难点之一。在英语中，为了语言的精练，避免重复，除了采用“省略”手段外，还广泛地用代词来代替上下文中已经出现过的词或提到的内容。在阅读过程中必须根据上下文的逻辑关系正确判断代词所代替的具体内容，如分析不当，往往会产生“张冠李戴”的错误。必须指出的是，在各种代词中it的用法最为复杂，it用作形式主语或形式宾语时，只有语法意义而没有词汇意义，可以说是“虚”的。但用作代词时，代替某一词或某一具体内容，可以说是“实”的。it在句中表现得“真真假假，虚虚实实”，这给阅读理解造成了很大困难，必须认真分析和辨别。　　为了语言精练，避免重复的目的，除了采用省略和代词外，还采用另一种手段——近义词(带定冠词the的近义词)来替代上文中已出现过的词，这种近义词可称为“替换词”。　　英语中常见的代词有：one(ones)，that，they，those，theformer，thelatter等。“的用法较为复杂，特别加以归纳。　　it的用法　　(1)it作无人称代词：it作无人称代词表示自然现象、气候、时间、距离等。it是形式主语没有词汇意义。如：　　1)Itisverycoldtoday．(气候)　　2)Itisthreeo"clock．(时间)　　3)Itisalongwayfromhere．(距离)　　(2)it作人称代词：it作人称代词时，用来代替上下文中提到的事或物，有时可代替整个句子的内容。　　(3)his(was)+形容词十不定式(todo)，it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正主语。　　(过去分词)　　(4)his+{形容词}+that(what，how，whether．．．)，it为形式主语，that引导的为主语从句。　　(名词)　　(5)It+不及物谓语动词+that引导的主语从句。这些动词有：seem，appear，turnout，follow，happen等。　　(6)Itmaywellbethat引导的主语从句。 　　(7)it作形式宾语：　　1)某些及物动词+it+形容词十不定式；　　2)某些及物动词+it+形容词+that……　　在上述两种句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，或that引导的宾语从句。　　(8)it用于强调句型：　　Itis(was)十被强调的成分+that(which，who)　　强调句型是简单句，可以用来强调句中主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调定语和谓语。在这种句型中把his．．．that去掉，句子仍成立。　　代词在句中分析与翻译的实例　　1．Allthevarioustransitionsfromoneformofmotionintoanotheraregovernedbyoneofthefundamentallawsofnature，thatoftheeternityofmatteranditsmotion．　　运动可以由一种形式变为另一种形式，所有运动形式的变换都取决于一个基本的自然规律，即物质及其运动永恒性的规律。(that代替one，one代替law。)　　2．Theauthorenumeratesomeofthefactorswhichmakeitdifficultforthesociologisttoconductexperimentsinthesamewayashiscolleaguesinthephysicalsciences．　　作者列举了某些使社会科学家难以进行实验的因素，而在同样的情况下，他的自然科学的同事们却可以进行实验。(it为形式宾语代替真正宾语toconduct．．．。)　　3．Themetallurgisthasrecentlyfoundametalskinformissilesandsupersonicplanes，onethatwillretainitsstrengthatthehightemperaturecausedbyairfriction．　　冶金学家最近发明了一种用于导弹和超音速飞机的金属外壳，这种外壳在大气摩擦引起的高温下仍然能保持其强度。(one作同位语，代替skin。)　　4．Ifonecanscaledownalldimensionsto，letussay，onetenth，theaveragelengthsofthecurrent-pathswillbereducedtoonetenth．Andthespeedofoperationwillbescaledup10times． 　　如果人们能把所有尺寸缩小，比如说，减小到原来的1／10，那么电流路径的平均长度也将减小到1／10，操作速度因而就会按比例提高10倍。(one泛指人。)　　5．Undergroundwaterreservesaremuchlargerthanthoseonthesurface，butastheyareunseenwetendtounderstimatethem．　　地下水的储量要比地面水大得多，但是由于看不到，所以往往低估了地下水的储量。(those代替reserves。as引导原因状语从句。them代替reserves。)　　6．Herewefindthatthetermworkhasbeengivenbyscienceasomewhatmorelimitedmeaningthanthattowhichwehavebeenaccustomed．　　这里我们发现，科学赋予“功”这个词的含义比我们所习惯的“工作”这个词的含义多少要狭窄一些。(第一个that是连词，引导宾语从句。第二个that是代词，代替work。)　　7．Weknowthataircanbecompressed，anditisreasonabletosupposethattheairatthesurfaceoftheearthiscompressedbytheweightofalltheairontopofit．　　我们知道空气是可以压缩的，因而我们有理由假设：地球表面的空气受到该空气层上部所有空气重量的压缩。(第一个it是形式主语，代替不定式短语tosuppose……。句末的it是人称代词，代替“地球表面上的空气”。)　　8．ItfollowsfromtheprincipleofrelativitythatNewton‘ssecondlawofmotion，althoughfundamentalinclassicalmechanics，onlyhasanapproximateandbynomeanscompletevalidity．　　由相对论原理可知，牛顿运动第二定律尽管是古典力学中的基本原理，但只是近似的，而决不是完全正确的。(Itfollowsfrom．．．that……，“由……可以得出……”。It是形式主语，代替that引出的主语从句。)　　9．Itwassupposedthatbodiesfalltothegroundwithaspeedwhichisproportionaltotheirweight。Thismeansthatifbodiesof100poundsand1poundarepushedoveracliff，theformerfalls100timesasfastasthelatter．　　曾经有人设想，物体落地的速度与其重量成正比，这就意味着，如果把重100磅的物体和重l磅的物体从悬崖上推下去，前者下落速度是后者的100倍。(theformer指bodiesof100pounds，thelatter指bodiesof1pound。)　　10．Eventhoughthesamecomputermighthaveperformedthesameoperationmillionsoftimesinsuccession，itmuststillbetoldexactlyhowtodothatoperationeverytimeitrepeatsit． 　　即使同一台计算机很可能已经连续完成同样的运算达数百万次之多，但每当它重复这一运算时都得准确地告诉它如何去完成这一运算。(句中有三个it,第一和第二个it都代替计算机，第三个it代替operation。mighthaveperformed是虚拟语气，表示对过去发生事情的猜测。everytime是连词，引导时间状语从句。that在句中不是连词，是指示代词，作operation的定语。)高中英语代词练习题这里只有代词的练习题，要找代词的使用讲解请到本站搜索下，　　代词部分练习题　　1.Bytheway,whowillteach___popmusicnextterm?　　A.us                      B.our　　C.ours                    D.we　　2.BothPingpingandBeibeihavedone___homework.　　A.his                     B.her　　C.their                    D.both’s　　3.Everybodyishere,___?　　A.isn’teverybody           B.isn’tit　　C.isn’the                  D.aren’tthey　　4.Itwas___whowrotethosewordsontheblackboard.　　A.he                      B.him　　C.himself                  D.his　　5.Hewantsnothingbutahouseof____.　　A.hisown                   B.himself　　c.hisfather                  D.hisownhouse　　6.Canyouexpress___inEnglish?　　A.yourself                  B.you 　　C.yours                    D.yours’　　7.Oneofthemhasn’tgot___lessonsprepared.　　A.her                      B.its　　C.one’s                    D.his　　8.Youdon’tlookquite___today.What’sthematterwithyou?　　A.you                      B.your　　C.yourown                  D.yourself　　9.Though___isalongwayfromhere,we’lldoourbesttoreachthereintime.　　A.there                     B.it　　C.its                       D.itself　　10.  Wedon’tconsider___necessaryforthemtomoveintothathouse.　　A.that                      B.this　　C.it                        D.them　　11.  ___isagreatandgloriouscountry.　　A.Our                      B.Ours　　C.Its                       D.Our’s　　12.  Heparentsaregoingonastudytripwithafriendof___.　　A.them                     B.their　　C.themselves                D.theirs　　13.  I’msorrytosay___ofyouranswersarecorrect.　　A.none                     B.neither　　C.both                      D.any　　14.  ---Whoisthatknockingatthedoor?　　----_____mustbethemilkman. 　　A.He                       B.She　　C.It                        D.Theman　　15.  ___agreetoyourplan.　　A.Anyoneofus               B.Nooneofus　　C.Noneofus                 D.Someoneofus　　16.  Thebooksherearenotsowellwrittenas___ontheshelf.　　A.that                       B.those　　C.ones                      D.them　　17.  Myfatherisafarmer,but___isyours?　　A.who                      B.how　　C.which                     D.what　　18.  ___doyouthinkofmycomposition?　　A.How                      B.What　　C.Which                     D.Why　　19.  ___ofyouwouldliketogetmethebike?　　A.Which                     B.What　　C.Whom                     D.Whomever　　20.  Pleasewriteonthepaper___line.　　A.eachother                  B.everyother　　C.allother                    D.thisandthat　　21.  Wouldyoulendme___ofyourmoney,please?　　A.any                        B.many　　C.some                       D.alotof　　22.  Sorry,butIhaveonly___inkleftover. 　　A.little                       B.few　　C.alittle                      D.afew　　23.  ___whocomefromthecountryside,pleasefillouttheform.　　A.All                        B.Anyone　　C.These                      D.Those　　24.  ShewentforaswiminthepoolyesterdayandI’lldo___thisafternoon.　　A.it                          B.such　　C.same                       D.thesame　　25.  There’retallbuildingson___sideofthestreet.　　A.either                       B.both　　C.every                       D.any　　26.  ___mustdo___besttoservethepeople.　　A.One…his                    B.One…her　　C.One…one                    D.Ones…ones’　　27.  HehasquitealotofinterestingmagazinesbutIhave___.　　A.no                          B.none　　C.noone                       D.neither　　28.  ___arefondofcollectingstamps.　　A.Boththechildren              B.Bothofchildren　　C.Mybothchildren              D.Bothofthemychildren　　29.  Ofthe4books,oneiswrittenbyayoungwriterand___byanoldone.　　A.otherthree                    B.threeother　　C.theotherthree                 D.thethreeother　　30.  Heinvitedthethreeof___,Bob,Tomand___. 　　A.we…me                      B.us…I　　C.we…I                        D.us…me　　31.  ___seemsasifwearegoingtohavetrouble.　　A.We                          B.It　　C.That                         D.There　　32.  Is___anyusetalkingtohimaboutit?　　A.this                          B.that　　C.he                           D.it　　33.  Sinceyoudon’thaveadictionaryhere,whynotuse___?　　A.my                          B.mine　　C.her                          D.their　　34.  Thisbookisnotmine.Itbelongsto___.　　A.he                           B.his　　C.him                          D.himself　　35.  Beathomeandhelp___tothefish.　　A.me                          B.him　　C.yourself                      D.you　　36.  Trytoworkouttheproblem___.　　A.allbyyourself                 B.byyou　　C.allbyyours                   D.byyour　　37.  Thechildrenseemtobeenjoying___verymuch.　　A.them                        B.their　　C.theirs                        D.themselves　　38.  Healwaysthinksmoreaboutothersthanabout___. 　　A.he                          B.him　　C.his                          D.himself　　39.Thepolicehid___behindthebuilding.　　A.him                         B.himself　　C.them                        D.themselves　　40.WhenIwasabouttogoout,thedooropened___.　　A.ofitself                      B.byitself　　C.oneself                       D.foritself　　41.  Afterthat,MadameCuriedidoneexperimentafter___.　　A.one                         B.other　　C.another                      D.theother　　42.  Youcanfindatowerat___endofthebridge.　　A.both                        B.every　　C.either                       D.any　　43.  Haveyougotanybooksonthecomputer?I’dliketoborrow.　　A.them                        B.some　　C.it                           D.those　　44.  Themostinterestingbooksarenotnecessarily___withalotofpictures.　　A.these                        B.theones　　C.them                        D.that　　45.  ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan___ofanycountry.　　A.one                         B.theone　　C.that                         D.it　　46.  Peopleusedtothinkthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlight___. 　　A.ones                        B.theones　　C.these                        D.those　　47.  Isthisstoryasfunnyas___youreadyesterday?　　A.thatone                     B.one　　C.theone                      D.it　　48.  It’s___,notyou,whowantsmore.　　A.me                         B.him　　C.he                          D.I　　49.  ___ofthemwillacceptyourideabecauseitisnotreasonable.　　A.Nobody                     B.Noone　　C.Everyone                    D.None　　50.  ___isgoodatFrench.　　A.Myeitherchildren             B.Eitherofmychildren　　C.Eithermychildren             D.Myeitherofchildren　　51.  Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave___.　　A.it                           B.those　　C.them                        D.one　　52.  -----Whenshallwemeetagain?　　-----Makeit___dayyoulike,it’sallthesametome.　　A.one                         B.any　　C.another                      D.some　　53.  Tom’smotherkepttellinghimheshouldworkharder,but___didn’thelp.　　A.he                          B.she　　C.it                           D.which 　　54.  -----Is___here?　　-----No,BobandTimaskedforleave.　　A.everybody                   B.somebody　　C.anybody                     D.nobody　　55.  SarahhasreadlotsofstoriesbyAmericanwriters.Nowshewouldliketoread___storiesbywritersfrom___countries.　　A.some;any                    B.some;other　　C.other;some                   D.other;other　　56.  Inonesingleyear,ratseat40to50times___weight.　　A.its                          B.their　　C.ones                        D.of　　57.  Thefamilyneveragreeabout___sharesoftheproperty.　　A.her                         B.its　　C.their                        D.his　　58.  Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm.Ihadexpected___tobemuchbetter.　　A.one                         B.this　　C.that                         D.it　　59.  There’resomanykindsofcomputersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind___tobuy.　　A.what                        B.where　　C.how                        D.which　　60.  Sayingsomethingisonethingwhiledoingitis___.　　A.other                        B.theother　　C.others                        D.another　　61.  Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants. 　　A.however                     B.whatever　　C.whichever                    D.whenever　　62.---Isthereanypictureonthewall?　　---_____.　　A.Nothing                      B.Noone　　C.Noones                      D.None　　63.Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecausethere’shardly___left　　A.something                    B.nothing　　C.anything                      D.everything　　64.Theywereallverytired,but___ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.　　A.any                         B.some　　C.none                        D.neither　　65.Tomfeltthathekneweverybody’sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit_____.　　A.themselves                  B.oneself　　C.itself                       D.himself　　66.Think_____andyou’llhavesomeidea.　　A.over                       B.overit　　C.itover                      D.it　　67.Ihadabadcoldand_____iswhyIdidn’tattendthemeeting.　　A.it                         B.this　　C.there                      D.that　　68.Thisisnotsuchagoodstory_____Ihadexpected.　　A.what                      B.which 　　C.as                        D.that　　69._____thehomeworkseriously.　　A.Noeverystudentdo         B.Noeverystudentdoes　　C.Noteverystudentdo         D.Noteverystudentdoes　　70._____childwillfindhispersonalroadtosuccess.　　A.Every                    B.Each　　C.Some                     D.The　　71.Wecan’tfindourbikes_____.Haveyouseenthem?　　A.anywhere                 B.somewhere　　C.nowhere                  D.where　　72.Jackis_____ofanartist.　　A.anyone                   B.someone　　C.anything                  D.something　　73.Tomsingsbetterthan_____inourclass.　　A.anyothergirl              B.someothergirls　　C.anygirl                   D.somegirl　　74.Isthismuseum_____youvisitedlastSunday?　　A.that                      B./　　C.theone                   D.which　　75.Aswewereallasleep,_____heardthatloudnoise.　　A.eitherof                  B.neitherof　　C.noneof                   D.oneof　　76.There’ssomethingwrongwithmywatch.Willyou___?　　A.seeitto                   B.seetoit 　　C.watchtoit                 D.seetolookatit　　77.Ididn’tknowwhichwasthebettersoItookthem_____.　　A.all                       B.each　　C.none                     D.both　　78.Youwillrealizeyourdream_____.　　A.theotherday              B.someday　　C.inthedays                D.forafewdays　　79._____comesfirstwillbeservedfirst.　　A.Who                    B.Anybody　　C.Allthat                  D.Whoever　　80._____seemsnoneedtohurry.　　A.It                       B.That　　C.There                    D.He　　代词部分练习题答案　　1-5ACCAA6-10ADDBC11-15BDACC16-20BDBAB21-25CCDDA26-30ABACD31-35BDBCC35-40ADDDA41-45CCBBC46-50ACDDB51-55DBCAB56-60BCDAD61-65BDCCA66-70CDCDB71-75ADCCC76-80BDBDC