【八】高考必考英语语法超级归纳、超级归纳、超级归纳! 8页

高考必考英语语法超级归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法Aplaneisamachinethatcanfl1指一类人或事，相当于akindofy.2Aboyiswaitingforyou.有个男孩在等你。第一次提及某人某物，非特指3Westudyeighthoursaday.表示“每一”相当于every，one4Wearenearlyofanage.表示“相同”相当于thesame—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与"t______Mr.Smithhere.5某名人有类似性质的人或事B.aA.不填C.theD.oneThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.（活雷锋）acoupleof,abit,onceuponati用于固定词组中me,inahurry,haveawalk,ma6nyatime用于quite,rather,many,half,whaThisroomisratherabigone.7t,such之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucan8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后wishtomeet.success(抽象名词)→asuccess(具体化)成功的人或事afailure失败的人或事ashame带来耻辱的人或事用于抽象名词具体化的名词前9apity可惜或遗憾的事amust必需必备的事agoodknowledgeof精通掌握某一方面的知识.定冠词的用法IIInmanyplacesinChina,___bicycleisstill___popularmeansoftransport表示某一类人或物1ation.A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the用于世上独一无二的事物名theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOc2ean词前表示说话双方都了解的或上3Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?文提到过的人或事用于演奏乐器4playtheviolin,playtheguitar用于形容词和分词前表示一5thereach,theliving,thewounded类人—Couldyoutellmethewayto____Johnsons,please?—Sorry,wedon’thave____Johnson表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文6hereinthevillage.的不定冠词用法5）A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/用于序数词和形容词副词比7Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.较级最高级前用于国家党派等以及江河湖theUnitedStates,theCommunistPart8 yofChina,theFrench海，山川群岛的名词前用于表示发明物的单数名词9ThecompasswasinventedinChina.前在逢十的复数数词之前，指10inthe1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)世纪的某个年代用于表示度量单位的名词前11Ihiredthecarbythehour.用于方位名词，身体部位名12Hepattedmeontheshoulder.词III.不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,lov1e,air人名地名等名词前Iwantthisbook,notthatone./W名词前有this,my,whose,some,2hosepurseisthis?no,each,every等限制季节，月份，星期，节假日，一March,Sunday,NationalDay,sprin3g日三餐前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAme表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前4rica.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前5Helikesplayingfootball/chess.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby______seainsteadofdrivingacross______continent.6与by连用表示交通方式的名词前A.the;theB.不填；theC.the;不填D.不填；不填husbandandwife,knifeandfork,7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时dayandnight表示泛指的复数名词前8Horsesareusefulanimals.二、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称个体名词抽象名词集体名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句名词性质意义①Sheheldsomeflowersinherh个体名词花儿and.②Thetreesarenowinflower抽象名词开花①Youthisbeautiful.抽象名词青春②Heisayouthoftwenty个体名词年轻人①Theyhave achievedremarkable抽象名词成功successintheirwork.②—HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?成功的事个体名词—Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Ironisakindofmetal.物质名词铁②Pleaselendmeyouriron.熨斗个体名词①Hebrokeapieceofglass.玻璃物质名词②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃杯个体名词①Iboughtachickenthismornin个体名词小鸡g②Pleasehelpyourselftosomec物质名词鸡肉hicken抽象名词与个体名词的转换①—I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.—Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象具有动作意义的抽象名名词）词加用与某些动词（如：A.aB.anC./D.thehave等）连③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?话用，表示某一次短暂（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the的动作类例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(进步)/makeanearlystart(早点出发)/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(发出痛苦的叫声)/giveatry①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisam表示知识和时间的ustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the抽象名词转换为普aknowledgeoftruth(知道实际情况)通名词时可以用来giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速记的知识)表示②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.其中的一部分A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times①Oh,John._____yougaveme! A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise抽象名词转换为普通名C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise词可用来表示“一次、一②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.阵、一种”具体的行为、A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.in事件、现象或结somesurprise果。这时名词前往往其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise有形容词修饰③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词改变名词中的元音字母或其他形man-men,woman-women,foot-fee1t,goose-geese,mouse-mice式sheep,deer,series,means,works,单复数相同2fish,speciesashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,content只有复数形式3s一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff4audience,class,family,crowd,cou部分集体名词既可以作单数（整ple,group,committee,governmen5t,population,crew,team,public,体）也可以作复数（成员）enemy,partycustoms(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),paper复数形式表示特别含义6s(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)Americans,Australians,Germans,加-sGreeks,Swedes,EuropeansSwiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japan表示“某国单复数同形7ese人”以-man或-woman结尾的Englishmen,Frenchwomen改为-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-b将主体名词变为复数y,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一grown-ups,housewives,stopwatch合成名词8es部分变为复数将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservants III.主谓一致情况举例规则Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteas语y.以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，Readinginthesunisbadfory法oureyes.动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动Whathesaidisveryimportant一forusall.词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多致数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what谓语动词从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句原的谓语动词用复数形式。用复数形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEngli则shbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主Manyaboyandmanyagirllik语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所esit.连接的两个词是指同一个人或物Noboyandnogirllikesit.时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由andEachofushasanewbook.Is连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,eaceveryoneheretoday?h,every或morethana(an)/one,mSomebodyisspeakinginclass.anya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数Everythingaroundusismatter形式。either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.在定语从句里，关系代词that,who,whiHeisoneofmyfriendswhoarch等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中eworkinghard.先行词的数一致。Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致Itiswewhoaregoingtothec inematonight.Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassint如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的hefield.Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集(他的一家)HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的学生）Therearealotofpeopleinthe由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheaclassroom.pof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百Three-fourthsofthesurfaceof分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动theearthissea.词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外，还有anumberof+复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.的主语一致Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglisWhat,who,which,any,more,all等逻h?Hasanyofyougotapen?代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思Allcanbedonehasbeendone.来决定。辑Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.Allhav意egonetoBeijing.Thirtyminutesisenoughforth义ework..表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的Twentypoundsistoodear.一复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词致形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念要用复数形式上是一个整体。原Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.则TheUnitedStatesissmallerth 若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名anChina.“TheArabianNights”isaninter等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单estingstory-book.数形式。Oneandahalfapplesislefto表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后面接复nthetable.数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.这意义为单数名词，家造纸厂建于1990年。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasyto它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数study.形式。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,sciMyglassesarebroken.ssors(剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量Thepairofshoesunderthebe词修饰时（clothes被asuitof修饰）谓dishis.语动词用单数。Theoldaretakengoodcareof“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类there.人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词Thebeautifulgivespleasureto用单数。all.Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.Neitherhenortheyarewholly当两个主语由eitheror,neithernor,nright.otonlybutalso,whetheror连接时，就谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一Neithertheynorheiswhollyri致。ght.近Isneitherhenortheywhollyri/远ght?Therearetwochairsandadestherebe句型中be动词的单复数取决于一kintheroom.其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即Thereisadeskandtwochairs致就近一致。intheroom.原Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswi主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,excfeandchildren,hascometoCept,but,like,aswellas,nolessth则an,ratherthan,morethan,besidehina.s,alongwith,including,inadditionAwomanwithababywasontto等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语一致，hebus.即就远一致。NobodybutJimandMikewas ontheplayground.She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.