• 202.49 KB
  • 2022-06-17 15:39:54 发布

2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国通用版(全解析)专项训练:专题13构词法word版含解析

  • 12页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档共5页,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,可选择认领,认领后既往收益都归您。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细先通过免费阅读内容等途径辨别内容交易风险。如存在严重挂羊头卖狗肉之情形,可联系本站下载客服投诉处理。
  4. 文档侵权举报电话:19940600175。
高考感知k1.(2017•全国卷I,69)However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.答案:careful名词加后缀-ful变成形容词,作表语或定语。此句用于becareful(not)todosth.结构。2.(2017•全国卷III,70)Itis(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.答案:certainly此处应用副词修饰形容词fun,certain加后缀-ly构成其副词形式。3.(2017•全国卷III,66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher(educate).答案:education形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语。由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education。-tion为名词后缀。4.(2017-江苏高考,29,改编)OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart-phonesdefeated(convention)PCsinsales.答案:conventional分析句子可知,名词PCs前缺少一个定语,故用形容词形式。-al为形容词后缀。句意:仅仅在史蒂夫•乔布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。5.(2016•全国卷I,42)Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof(achieve).答案:achievement介词of后要用名词作宾语。动词achieve 加后缀-ment构成名词。asenseofachievement“成就感”。 常用的英语构词法一、名词加后缀构成形容词常见形容词后缀例词-lycostly昂贵的friendly友好的lovely"f爱的brotherly兄弟般的manly男子气概的monthly每月的fatherly父亲般的orderly有糸理的;整齐的yearly毎年的-fulcareful小心滿愤的hopeful希错的useful右川的graceful优雅的•ticathletic运动的enthusiastic热悄的;热心的energetic充满活力的:粘力充沛的;积极的optimistic乐观(主义〉的-ablefavourable心利的changeable对改变的reasonable合悄理的;讲道理的》公道的fashionable吋屯的,施行的comfortable舒服的;安逸的;舒眼自在的valuable货IE的;存价(ft的•ibleaccessible可接近的;可进入的;可使用的sensible明智的horrible可怕的;恐怖的responsible有街任的;负贵的-ydusty积满灰尘的guilty犯罪的》有掣的;内疚的messy凌乱的;脏的greedy贪吃的;贪婪的;贪心的handy方便的;有用的wealthy富裕的•alagricultural农业的》农艺的logical逻辑的*合悄理的personal私人的;个人的:亲自的classical古典的>古典文艺的magical巫术的;墘术的:存埯力的cultural文化的-ousambitious有雄心的;有野心的courageous勇敢的,有胆量的humorous啪默的;恢谐的nervous沖经紧张的dangerous位险的religious宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的-iveactive积极的;活跃的effective有效的sensitive敏涵的:易受伤宵的:灵敏的alternative供选择的;将代的expensive昂贵的-lessbreathless喘不过气来的1屏息的endless无穷的;无止境的hopeless没有希翅的;绝規的careless粗心的•漫不经心的homeless无家的;无家可归的selfless无私的!忘我的-ualspiritual精神的actual实际的;实在的factual银实的sexual性的;性别的二、动词加后缀构成形容词•ingamazing令人吃惊的exciting令人激动的astonishing令人感到惊讶的encouraging鼓舞人心的convincing令人信服的fascinating迷人的;吸引人的•edinterested感兴趣的determined1单定的complicated纪杂的:难侦的disabled伤残的distinguished著名的educated受过教疗的i有教花的-ouscontinuous持续的:选续的various各•种各■样的poisonous打海的三、动词加后缀构成名词 常W.名闻后缀例间-sionconclusion结论:结束permission许"f;允许discussion论impression印象;感想expression词语:表达:表4possession(尤作复数)所有;财产•ingopening(出入的〉通路:开口!hearing听力;听觉开端surrounding(pi.)周同的水物bowling保於球1环境reading阅速;读物shopping购物;采购-mentsettlement定居;解决amusement消逍;娱乐(活动)achievement成就;功绩appointment约会;任命adjustment调整;调节*argument争论;争辩;争吵-tionaddition加;增加;加法association社团;联系;联想affectionH愛;感悄attraction行吸引力的韦物;吸引application应用;用途1申请celebration庆祝;庆贺-ationadaptation适应(性改编本examination冬试•测试:检☆:屯卉consideration考彪;体谅expectation顶枓;期待;期望combination结合;组合imagination想象(力〉:创造力:幻想物-anceacquaintanceftli只;f解;熟人endurance忍耐,持久,耐(性)appearance外观;外稅;出现assistance协助;援助performance表滴;表现insurance保险-erannouncer广播贸;告知片;报筋员designer设i|•师invader侵略者writer作家employer廂主diver讲水员worker工人-orcompetitor克争者operator(电脑)操作员;接线员editor编辑sailor水手;海员;船员educator教疗工作者;教竹家survivor幸存者;生还者;残存物-ure/luredeparture出发,离开pressureJli力;挤压;压迫(感〉enclosure田地,田场mixtureHi合物failure失败pleasure离兴•乐趣-encecompetence能力;胜利:木领existence生存;存在preference再爱:偏愛-ityprosperity繁荣}吕盛equality均等;平等-altrial审判,审汛,试验approval赞成;认可arrival到来》到达<到达者survival幸存:幸存者-thgrowth成长,生长warmth温啖、名词加后缀构成相应意义的抽象名词-hoodchildhood儿童时代;童年neighbourhood街区;四部boyhood少年时代brotherhood手足情意,兄沿关系•shipchampionship冠军称马friendship友谊,友悄scholarship芡学金:学叫:学术成就citizenship公民身份•公民的职责和权力relationship关系;血缘关系;交往leadership领导地位:颂导权五、形容词加后缀构成副词actually实际上;事实上entirely完全地;全然地;整个地exactly确实如此;恰好;确切地 -lyfrequently常常;解繁地gradually逐渐地;逐少地personally就个人而言,糸Aselflessly尤私地;忘我地sincerely盘诚地:貪•平地unfortunately不芋:地 六、形容词加后缀构成名词-nessbrightness明亮》亮度;聪解happiness幸福;快乐darkness災昭;漆尤illness疾病fitnessftt谈kindness(:慈1好意sadness恕哀;!伤seasickness带船sickness疾病;恶心七、形容词加后缀构成动词(一)-enblacken使变惠shorten缩短•使变短weaken(对浆书的决心〉动摇brighten使史愉快;使史有希空deepen(加深)使深ripen使成熟;成熟sharpen削尖widen拓宽;减弱1(使)变弱harden变硬•硬化-izemodernize使现代化realize实现organize组织-ifysimplify简化diversify使•••…多样化八、形容词加前缀构成动词(二)en-前缀.表示“使得成为……”•使enlarge扩大enable使能够enrich使富裕I充实;改辞九、常见的表示特定含义的前缀re•(蚕&•再)rearrange重新整理reconfirm再证实reappear再现recount虽新计搏rebuild重建recover琅新扶得anii-(反•抗拒)anti-war反战的anii-pollution防止环境汚染的anti-social反社会的bh(二,双)bilingual双语的bilateral双边的ex•(以前的)ex-president前总统ex-husband的•夫ex-serviccman退役军人十、表示“人”的名词后缀-istarchaeologist有古学家cyclist骑1*1行车的人novelist小说家tourist旅行冉,现光再artist艺术家dentist牙科医生pianist钢琴家;钢琴演奏者typist打字员chemist药剂师:化学家journalistid者;新闻T.作者scientist科学家violinist小捉琴浪奏再-an/-ianVAmerican英国人Russian俄国人politician政抬家Australian渡大利亚人Asian亚洲人librarian|妇书符理贸European欧洲人musician音乐家historian历史学家十一、常用的否定前缀un-(不,非)+形容词unable不能的;不会的uncertain不确切的;无把拥的unfair不公正的;不公平的unbearable难以忍受的;不能容忍的uncomfortable不奸服的;不舒适的unusual不同寻常的;独特的dis-dislike不喜欢disorder欠凋;紊礼disagree不間总disappearancejfjdisbelief不相倍disagreement分歧:小一致 il-,im-,in->ir-illegal违法的impossible不可能的irregular不规则的illiterate没受教台的;文盲immoral不道德的inaccurate不准确的incorrect不正确的irresistible不可抵抗的non•否定前缀non-stop中途停的:立达的non-smoker不吸烟的人non-violent非法力的non-profit非廠利的专项训练kI.单句语法填空1.(fortunate),Natalie"sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity"sbridgeclosed.答案:Fortunately此处表述“幸运地是”,修饰整个句子,应当用副词形式。2.It’sstillausefulandpleasantformof(communicate).答案:communication介词of之后要用名词形式communication作宾语。3.Itisnot(surprise)thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.答案:surprising此处表述that从句所陈述的事情是surprising“令人吃惊的’’。惯用句式:Itis+€z4/.+thatv.---ing-^adj.o4.Chinesescientists(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.答案:recently修饰谓语动词应用副词形式。形容词recent+-ly—副词。5.Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportant(grow)inautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.答案:growth前面有形容词important修饰。此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列关系。6.Someschoolswillhavetomake(adjust)inagreement withthenationalsoccerreform.答案:adjustmentsmakeadjustments“做出调整”,固定短语。1.Weshouldsee(fail)asarequirementformovingtowardsourgoals.答案:failure设空处应填名词作动词see的宾语,且此处为抽象名词,不可数。由派生构词法可知,v.---ure-^n.9故填failure。2.Youcanliveamore(power)lifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.答案:powerful修饰后面的名词的应是形容词,依据派生构词法,名词加后缀-ful构成形容词;powerful“强有力的”。3.Antsaregatheringtheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandmake(prepare)forthelongcoldwinter.答案:preparationsmakepreparationsfor...“为作准备”。4.Itis(danger)forawomantowalkaloneatnight.答案:dangerous所填词位于系动词is之后,作表语,应填形容词;根据派生构词法规则可知,可在名词后加后缀-ous,构成形容词,故填dangerous,意为“危险的”。n.单句改错1.Witheachshovelofdirtwhichhithisback,thedonkeywasdoingsomethingamazed.答案:amazed-^amazing形容词修饰不定代词something应位于其后,且此处表示“令人惊讶的事”,故改为amazing。2.Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycooperate.答案:cooperate—cooperative此处用形容词作表语。由派生构 词法可知v.---\e^adj.o1.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.答案:suddenlysudden句中,stop是名词,应由形容词修饰;根据副词的构词法规则可知,此处应将表示副词的后缀-ly去掉,故改suddenly为suddeno2.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.答案:taste—tasty形容词small,juicy和句子最后一个词为并列表语,故句末的词应改为其形容词形式。由派生构词法可知,R+-y-^adj.o3.Theyaretruegoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.答案:truetruly此处用副词形式修饰后面的形容词good。III.语法填空Onthefirstdayofherwork,Sallyfoundthataclassfullofproblemswaswaitingforher.Shewastoldsixteachers1(quit)beforeher.Whenshewalkedintotheclassroom,itwaschaos:twoboyswerefightinginacomer,yet2restoftheclassseemednottonoticethem;somegirlswerechattingandsomewererunningaboutwithpaper,foodpackagesandothergarbage3(leave)everywhere.Sallywalkedontotheplatform,4(pick)upapieceofchalkandwroteontheblackboard:“Rule1:Wearefamily!”Allstudentsstopped5(look)ather.AndshecontinuedwithRule2,Rule3...Inthefollowingweeks,Sallyworkedout10classrulesandpostedthem6thewallsoftheclassroom.Shepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.7(surprise),Sallywasnotdrivenoutliketheformerteachers;8,shewonrespectfromthestudents.Overtheyears,shewitnessed gradualchangesintheclass.Atthegraduationceremony,just9sheexpected,shewasveryproudtostandwithaclassofcare,mannersand10(confident).1.2.3.4.5.1.7.8•9•10.篇章导读:本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一名老师通过努力最终将问题班级转化成优秀班级的故事。1.hadquit(ted)考查动词的时态。辞职动作发生在“Shewastold”之前,因此需用过去完成时。2.the考查冠词。“therestof...”是固定短语,意为“其余的……”。3.left考查非谓语动词。过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动。4.picked考查动词的时态。老师走上讲台,拿起粉笔在黑板上写字,构成并列谓语。and连接三个并列的谓语动作,由walked,wrote可知,此处填所给词的过去式。5.tolook考查非谓语动词。所有学生都停下当时所做的事情来看老师,故使用“stoptolook”。6.on/onto考查介词。把规则张贴到墙上,故使用“post...on/ontothewall”。7.Surprisingly考查词性转换。副词修饰整个句子,翻译为“令人惊讶的是……”。8.instead考查副词。承接前文可知此处表述令人惊讶的是,Sally并没有像其他老师那样被赶出去,反而臝得了学生的尊重。副词instead“反而,相反”,符合语境。9.as考查定语从句。正如她所期待的那样。as引导非限制性定语从句。10.confidence考查词性转换。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。IV.短文改错 BorninAmerica,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandaninventor.Hewasoncethoughttobeaboywhomwasnotwortheducating.Infact,hewasamanfullofimaginations.IadmireEdisonalotbecausehisgreatcontributionstotheworld.Heissaidtohavingmorethan1,000inventions.Inhislifetime,hewerealwayseagertoknowhowthingsworked.Hewasalsoverydiligentandworkdayandnight.Andthisexplainedwhyhehadsomuchgreatinventions.Successcanneverbeeasyachieved.ProbablyIcan’tbeanotherEdisonhimself,butIwillworkhardtobeaworthyperson.答案:BorninAmerica,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistanddu①inventor.Hewasoncethoughttobeaboywhomwasnotworth②whoeducating.Infact,hewasamanfullofimaginations.③imaginationIadmireEdisonalotbecauseAhisgreatcontributionstothe④ofworld.Heissaidtohavingmorethan1,000inventions.Inhislifetime,⑤havehewerealwayseagertoknowhowthingsworked.Hewasalsovery⑥wasdiligentandworkdayandnight.Andthisexplainedwhyhehadso⑦workedmuchgreatinventions.(8>manySuccesscanneverbeeasyachieved.ProbablyIcan’tbeanother⑨easilyEdisonhimself,butIwillworkhardtobeaworthyperson.⑯myself1.去掉inventor前的an考查冠词。前后两个名词同指一个人,所以去掉inventor前面的an。2.whom—who考查关系代词。定语从句部分缺主语,所以应 用who。1.imaginations—imagination考查名词的数。imagination是不可数名词。2.because后加of考查固定搭配。because后面为名词短语,所以加介词of。3.having—have考查非谓语动词。besaidtodosth.“据说做某事”,固定搭配。4.werewas考查主谓一致。主语是he,谓语应用单数was。5.work^worked考查动词的时态。由本句前面的was可知,work应使用一般过去时。6.muchmany考查形容词。inventions是可数名词,其前应用many修饰。7.easy—easily考查副词。此处easily用来修饰谓语动词beachieved。8.himself-^myself考查反身代词。由句子的主语I可知,句意为“我本人无法成为另一个爱迪生”。