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七年级语法复习
动词be(is,am,are)的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。Eg:Yourhouseisverybig.Yourhousesareallverybig.变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。Eg:变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。Eg:Isyourhouseverybig?还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。
this,that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:Eg:This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。如: This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如:This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?—Yes, it is.是的,它是。 ②—What’s that?那是什么?—It’s a kite.是只风筝。
3.these和those用法(1)this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?(2)在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如:Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。
4.名词+’s所有格(1)单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”:如:Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈(2)以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”如:Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书(3)不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ”如:Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋(4)表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s如:Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)(5)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s如:Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)
5.There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
6.like一词的用法like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:I like the baby very much.我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如:I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。
7.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。如:She is a girl. →They are girls.(2)am,is要变为are。如:I’m a student. →We are students.(3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如:He is a boy. →They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is an apple. →They are apples.(5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如:This is a box. →These are boxes.
8.英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。如:OnMonday用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。
9.时间的表达法(1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12小时制6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分(4)24小时制13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分(5)15分可用quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用at.at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
10. want用法(1)想干什么用want to do sthThey want to join the sports club.他们想加入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化①He wants to play basketball. ②Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does.①-Do you want to play soccer ball ?-Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.②-Does he want to go home by bus ?-Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t
11否定句含有否定词not或no的句子。改否定句的方法:先加后借①在句中找到Be动词(am,is,are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),在它后面加not;②找不到以上词时,借don’t或doesn’t,放在动词前。注意:句子是三单主语时,借doesn’t;不是三单主语时,借do.并且:doesn’t一出现,三单式要滚蛋。练习1.SheisanAmericangirl2.Ihaveagoodfriend3.Shelivesinlondon4.Wegotoschoolbybike
12英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的,用Yes或No回答的疑问句。Ⅰ、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句①AmI…?Yes,youare./No,youaren’t.②Areyou…?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.③Ishe/she/it…?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisn’t.④Arewe/you/they…?Yes,we/we/theyare.No,we/we/theyaren’t.Ⅱ、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句Can……?Yes,…can.No,…can’t(cannot).Ⅲ、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句①Doyou+行为动词?Yes,Ido/No,Idon’t.②Dowe/you/they+行为动词?Yes,we/theydo.No,we/theydon’t.③Doeshe/she/it+行为动词?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesn’t.
注意事项:1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格,即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等,不能出现其它词,特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词,因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时,一定不能缩写。如:不能用Yes,I’m;Yes,he’s;Yes,they’re.3、amnot不能缩写,如:No,I’mnot不能用No.Iamn’t.4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如:不能说Yes,heisn’t;No,Ido;Yes,shedoesn’t.
改一般疑问句的方法:先找后借①在句中找到Be动词(am,is,are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),把它提到句首;②找不到以上词时,借Do或Does,放在句首。注意:句子是三单主语时,借Does;不是三单主语时,借Do.并且:Does一出现,三单式要滚蛋。练习:Helikeshisfamilymembers.——Doeshelikehisfamilymembers?Wearesinginganddancing.——Areyousinginganddancing?Marycanrideabike.——CanMaryrideabike?Thereissomewaterinthecup.——Istheresomewaterinthecup?
13特殊疑问句以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:whatwhowhosewherehowwhy等。回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes/no,要问什么答什么。特殊疑问句的结构:疑问词+一般疑问句?对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下:①把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词,放在句首;②把没划线部分改为一般疑问句,放在疑问词后。提示:划线部分在句首时,只需第①步,没划线的词照抄。如:MariagoesshoppingwithMissWang.------WhogoesshoppingwithMissWang?
1、目前所学的动词的形式有4种:①动词原形;如:do;have;like②动词的三单式(常在动词原形后加s);如:get-gets③动词不定式(to+动词原形);如:meet-tomeet④动词ing式(动词原形后加ing)如:look-looking
2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语Wouldyoulike+to+动词原形?(你想要……吗?)Howabout+动词ing?(……怎么样?……好不好?)Whatabout+动词ing?(……怎么样?……好不好?)Whynot+动词原形?(为什么不……呢?)Whydon’tyou+动词原形?(你为什么不……呢?)Let’s+动词原形.(让我们……吧。)表示同意、答应:①Yes,I’dliketo./Oh,I’dloveto.②Allright/OK.③Great!④Sure.⑤Goodidea!⑥Thanks.I’llbegladto⑦Thanks.Thatwouldbeverynice.⑧I’dlikethat.表示不同意、拒绝:①No,thanks.②Sorry,Ican’t.③I’dliketo.ButI’mafraidIcan’t/Ihavenotime.
3、目前学过的情态动词有can,may,could,would和will等五个学好情态动词必须把握三个用法:①后必须跟动词原形;②没有三单式(其后不能加s);③可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句;可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句。
4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式(to+动词原形)的有:①wouldliketo+动词原形(想要做某事);wantto+动词原形(想要做某事);②forgetto+动词原形(忘记要做某事);③liketo+动词原形(喜欢做某事);loveto+动词原形(喜欢做某事)④asksb.to+动词原形.(请/叫某人做某事)tellsb.to+动词原形.(告诉/叫某人做某事)wouldlikesb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)wantsb.to+动词原形.(想叫某人做某事)⑤haveto+动词原形(必须/不得不做某事)⑥Nice/Glad/happyto+动词原形(很高兴做某事)如:Nicetomeetyou.I’mgladtobehere.⑦It’stimeto+动词原形(是做某事的时候了)It’sverykind/niceofyoutohelpme.
★英语的一些重要原则★①英文句子中至少有一个动词,用来作谓语。如:我很高兴-----误:Iveryhappy.正:Iamveryhappy.她最喜欢熊猫.------误:Shefavoritepandas.(favorite不是动词)正:Shelikespandasbest/Herfavoriteispandas.②同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词。误:Iamatsixgetup.正:Iamgetupatsix.误:Areyouwanttogoforapicnic?(Are改为Do)③句子中的单数名词前要带冠词,或用复数名词来表示类别。误:orangeisorange.正:Anorangeisorange/Orangesareorange.误:Heisdoctor.(他是医生)正:Heisadoctor.
④限定词的唯一原则限定词是指(1)冠词(定冠词,不定冠词)、(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词所有格、(5)量词(some,any,no,many,much等),这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。如:我的一本书---误:myabook正:mybook吉姆的这个风筝---误:Jim’sthis/thekite正:Jim’skiteyourthebikethesomeanimalsthatabus⑤形容词放在名词前的顺序数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+地方出处+名词。mysmallyellowdesk我的小黄桌anoldbrownEnglishhouse一座旧的棕色的英式房子⑥英文句子结构顺序主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点。KangkangfindsBabymonkeyateleventhismorninginthezooinBeijing.主语+谓语+宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点
一般现在时1.构成:主语+动词+其他2.标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never,等频率副词。3.否定句:1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等在其后加notEg. I can’t play football.2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形Eg. I don’t like football. She doesn’t like football.4.疑问句:1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等将其提前Eg. Can you swim?2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。Eg. Does she like football5.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
现在进行时1. 构成:主语+be+doing+其他 2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律:1)一般情况下直接加-ing,eg. Working2)以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing,eg. Taking3)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing,eg. Stopping4)特殊变化, lie—lying3. 标志词:look, listen, now, at the moment, it’so’clock„4. 否定句:be动词后加notEg. She is not listening to music.5. 疑问句:将be动词提前Eg . Is she listening to music?6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
三.一般将来时1. 构成:主语+be going to/will+动词原形2. 标志词:tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间3. 否定句:be动词后加not;will后加notEg. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.4. 疑问句:将be动词提前;将will提前Eg. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
四.一般过去时1. 构成:主语+动词过去时+其他2. 标志:yesterday, just now, „ago, this morning, when I was young,last„等3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律:1)一般动词结尾加-ed,eg. Walk--walked2)以字母e结尾的动词加- d,eg. Live--lived3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed,eg. Hurry—hurried4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed,eg. Stop –stopped4. 否定句:1)动词be过去式后直接加notEg. I was not in Chengdu last year.2) 当是实义动词时,加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形Eg. I didn’t telephone my parents yesterday.5. 疑问句:1) 动词be过去式提前Eg. Were you in Chengdu last year?2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形Eg. Did you telephone my parents yesterday?6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
用正确的动词形式填空。1.The children are ___________ (run) there now.2.-I _______ up at half past six this morning. (get )My father always _______(come) back from work very late.3.My mother _________ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy)4.Listen! Who__________(sing) in the music room?Oh. Mary _____________(sing) there.5.They _______________ a meeting yesterday. ( not have)6.- ______ you _________ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry, I don’t have any.7.She likes eggs, but she _____________ (not like) bread.8.My mother ________ (tell) me a story every night.9.-- How much meat ________ you _______ (want) ? -- A kilo, please.10.Someone ______ (be) in the next room.runninggotcomesboughtissingingissingingdidn"thaveDohavedoesn"tliketellsdowantis
11.There _____ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box.12.You must _______ (get) here at two this afternoon.13.The twins _________ thirteen two years ago. (be)14.The teacher is busy. He only __________ (sleep) five hours a day.15.Look! The bus ____________________ (come).16.She __________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.17.What _______ he _________ (like)?18.He __________ (teach) English in a middle school.19.She always ________ (do) your homework well.20.--What ________ she ___________ (do)? --She ________________ (clean) her room now.isgetweresleepsiscominggoesdoesliketeachesdoesisdoingiscleaning
形容词(1) 在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时,要放于其后。Eg. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious.(2)作表语,放在系动词之后。Eg. This kind of dress is expensive.(3)以a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语。Eg. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.(4)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。Eg. The good news makes us very happy.
副词副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首;频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。Eg. I can’t hear you clearly.
3.比较级用法(1)可以单独使用eg.IhopetodobetterinEnglish.(2)和than一起用eg.ZhangJunisstrongerthanLinTao(3)其他几种用法a.两者比较,哪一个更怎么样?Who/Which+be+比较级,AorB?Eg.Whodidbetter,LucyorLily?b.用比较级形式表达最高级意义比较级+thananyother+n.+比较级范围(in/of„)=比较级+thananyoftheothers+in/of„=比较级+thantheother+n.+in/of„(在同一范围内比较)比较级+thanany+n.+in/of„(在两个不同范围内比较)Eg.KateismorecarefulthananyothergirlinourclassShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinShangdongProvince.c.越来越怎么样?“比较级+and+比较级”Eg.Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.
d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用“the+形容词比较级+of the two”Eg. My mother is the busier of the twoe. 用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等4. 最高级用法 用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。a. 最高级+范围Eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围(of/in短语),表示“最„„的„„之一”。Eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China.c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围,表示“„„是„„的第几”。Eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.注:有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。
一. 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:1. few____ _____ 2.little______ _____3.bad/ badly _____ 4.far____ _____5.good/well _____ 6. many/much _____ ______二、写出下列形容词的副词形式:1. heavy_________ 2. happy ________ 3. nice________4. careful______5. easy________ 6. angry________7. slow ________8. quick_______ 9 . good________10. hard________ 11. bad_________12.healthy_____fewerfewestlessleastworseworst深的furtherfurthest远的fartherfarthestbetterbestmoremostheavilyhappilynicelycarefullyeasilyangrilyslowlyquicklywellhardbadlyhealthily
三、用所给词的恰当形式填空。1.Which is _______ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth?2.Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one?3.This mooncake is ____ (cheap) of all.4.He is _______ (strong) in the class.5.Maths is ____________ ( difficult) of the two subjects.6. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I.7. Mary’s parents have four daughters, and she is the ________ (young) child.8. Dick can sing ________ (well), and she sings ________(well) than John, but Mary sings ______(well) in her class.9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house.10. His handwriting is ______ than yours. (bad)thebiggestmorebeautifulthecheapestthestrongestmoredifficultolderyoungestwellbetterbesthappierworse
四、选择正确的答案 。1.Which does Jimmy like _______, Chinese , English or art?A. well B. best C. better D. much2. The Changjiang River is one of ______ in the world.A. the longest river B. The more longerC. the longest rivers D. longer river3. The pen is ______ than that one.A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper4. There are _______ girls in Class 2 than in Class 4.A. more B. nicest C. most D. best5. Tingting is _____ than Meimei,but Meimei is ______ than Tingting.A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongesttC. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger6. Mother is _______ in my family.A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy7. She is _______ than me at drawing.A. better B. best C. good D. harderBCCADCA
8. This blue sweater is too big for me. Will you please show me a ______ one?A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest9. The air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a few years ago.A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest10. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ______than before.A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest11. — Tom is good at drawing. How about Mike? — Mike is ______, I think. He has got more prizes(获奖)than Tom.A. well B. OK C. good D. better12. —Which is ______ river in China? — The Changjiang River.A. longer B. the longest C. longest D. the longer13.If there is less homework, we should have ___ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time14. I feel __ better than yesterday.A. more B. very C. much15. This schoolbag is _______ and sells______ .A. well, well B. nice, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well