中考英语语法专题复习5 数词 10页

中考英语语法专题复习5数词一、数词概论及具体点拨(一)知识概要数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种：基数词，用于计数，如：one,two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序，台：firstsecond…其构成法如下：阿拉伯数字基数词序数词简写序数词1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18yh19nineteennineteenth19th20twentytwentieth20th21twenty-onetwenty-first21st30thirtythirtieth30th40fortyfortieth40th50fiftyfiftieth50th60sixtysixtieth60th70seventyseventieth70th80eightyeightieth80th90ninetyninetieth90th100a(one)hundredhundredth100th104onehundredandfourhundredandfourth104th1000a(one)thounsandthounsandth1000th10000tenthounsandtenthounsandth10000th1000000onemillionmillionth1000000th基数词与序数词都有一定的构成方法，但都有特殊例外的几个字，所以除了要学会一般构成法之外，还要特别记熟一些例外。因它们在考试中出现的频率很高。10 1基数词构成结构21～99的两位数字，在10位和个位之间加连字符构成，如89-eighty-nine.１０１～９９９的三位数字，由hundred加and再加二位数或未位数字，如：101-onehundredandone,223-twohundredandtwenty-three.四位以上数字，应从个位起向前数三位加逗号，读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号，读作million,再数三位加逗号，读作billion，其读法如下：1001-onethousandandone５３８６-fivethousand,threehundredandeighty－six要注意的是hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法。①前面有别的基数词时，即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时，其本身都不要加s，如：threehundredstudents。②若表示成百，成千或数百，数千时，前面不能有基数词，但其本身要用复数形式，然后+of+名词复数。如：thousandsandthousandsof。(成千上万)2序数词的构成法序数词除first,second,third以外，其余一般在词尾加th构成，除一般略有差异的各别数词外，很容易掌握。其二位数或多位数只将后面的个位数字改为序数词，其前面各位数字均不改变，都用基数词。3其他数字表示法小数的小数点读作point，零读作o［ｕ］或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。分数分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分数要在序数词上加s，但１／２用onehalf,14用aquarter.１３读作onethird而２３读作twothirds。百分数(%)，读作percent(percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。表示日期有两种说法和四种写法，如：2月1号英语表达法为：thefirstofFebruary而美语为February(the)first,但其书写上可有四种写法①　February1②February1st③1stFebruary④1/2。倍数的讲法有所不同。两倍用twice,而三倍以上用序数词加times,如：HehasthreetimesasmanybooksasIhave.(二)正误辨析［误］1107shouldbereadasathousandahundredasseven.［正］1107shouldbereadasonethousandonehundredandseven.［析］在读数字时，如：and前只有百或千时，用onehundred/onethousand还是ahundred/athousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千时，则只能用one不要用a。如果没有and时，如：1100也只能读作onethousandonehundred或elevenhundred.［误］Idroveabouthalfmile.［正］Idroveabouthalfamile.［析］半小时为halfanhour,半天为halfaday,半镑为halfapound,尽量避免用halfayear,halfamonth,要用sixmonths,twoweeks或fifteendays要注意的是HalfoftheworkisdoneHalfofthebooksaresold.当Half作名词时，其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词，如是复数名词时，则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法，如：Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.其名词要用复数，但谓语动词则要用单数。［误］60studentsareplayingontheground.［正］Sixtystudentsareplayingontheground.［析］在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字，如数字过大则应放于句中，用阿拉伯数字。如：Thereare166studentsplayingontheground.10 ［误］Hebecamefamousaroundfiftyyearsold.［正］Hebecamefamousinhisfifties.［析］inhisfifties50多岁时，而inthefiflies在50年代。［误］Thereareabouttwothousandsworkersinourfactory.［正］Thereareabouttwothousandworkersinourfactory［析］几千，几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打)，score(20年)等。［误］Inthemorningtherearehundredofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.［正］Inthemorningtherearehundredsofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.［析］当表达数百，数千时，要用hundredsof和thousandsof这一结构。［误］Theclassbeginsateighta.m.［正］Theclassbeginsat8a.m.［析］与符号或与缩写的字母连用时一定要用数字，如：43%，67,No.2…［误］Twofifthofthebooksaresoldout.［正］Twofifthsofthebooksaresoldout.［析］分数表示法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，但分子大于1时，分母要在序数词后加s。［误］TomwasbornonJulyeighteen.［正］TomwasbornonJulyeighteenth.［析］月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。美语July18读作Julyeighteenth英语July18th读作Julytheeighteenth［误］I"llgotoschoolat7∶３０a.m.inthemorning.［正］I"llgotoschoolat7∶３０a.m/at7∶３０inthemorning.［析］a.m即表达在早上之意，不要再用inthemorning.［误］Thefilmwillbeginatthreequarterspastone.［正］Thefilmwillbeginatonequartertotwo.［析］大于30分钟时不要使用past，而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。［误］Threetimethreeisnine.［正］Threetimesthreeisnine.［析］times此处作为"乘"讲一定要加s。英语中乘除法表达式如下：算法种类例句加法一般Fiveandsixiseleven.正式Fiveplussixis(equals)eleven.减法一般Eighttakeawayfourleaves(is)four.FourfromEightleaves(is)four.正式Eightminusfourequals(is)four.乘法一般Threefoursaretwelve3×4=12正式Threetimesfourequals(is)twelve.一般Twointofouristwo.正式Fourdividedbytwoequalstwo.(三)例题解析1-Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool,Mike?10 -Thereareover＿＿＿studentsinourschool.A.twothousandsB.twothousandsofC.twothousandD.twothousandof［答案］C.［析］有基数词在前面时thousand，hundred等词不能加s，也不能加of结构，只有在thousandsof时才可以使用。2Johnliveson＿＿＿floor.Hedoesn"tusealifttogoupanddown.A.nineB.theninthC.ninthD.aninth［答案］B.［析］序数词前加定冠词，nine与ninth的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。3WuDongwonthegirls"＿＿＿raceintheschoolsportsmeetinglastweek.A.100metresB.100metresC.100metreD.100metre［答案］D.［析］数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中，名词都不要加s，如：Ihavetowriteatwothousandwordreport.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前，不能放于名词后，作后置定语，或用在be动词后作表语。4Thereare＿＿＿studentsinourschool.A.fourhundredtwentyB.fourhundredandtwentyC.fourhundredstwentyD.fourhundredsandtwenty［答案］B.5-Howmanydaysarethereinayear?-Thereare＿＿＿.A.threehundredsandsixtyfiveB.threehundredssixtyfiveC.threehundredandsixtyfiveD.threehundredsixtyfive［答案］C.6Wehavelearnedabout＿＿＿Englishwords.A.ninehundredsB.ninehundredC.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof10 ［答案］B.7Autumnis＿＿＿seasonoftheyear.A.thirdB.thethreeC.thirdsD.thethird［答案］D.8Theyarelearning＿＿＿now.A.LessonEightB.theeightlessonC.LessonEiththD.Eighthlesson［答案］A.［析］第几课，第几个门……，在英语中有两种说法，①LessonTwo,GateTwo但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。②thesecondlesson,thesecondgate首字母不要大写，并要注意有些缩写的读法。如:p.8-第8页(pageeight)$8.50-8.5美元(fivedollarsandfifty)电话号码66164532－(six,six,one,six,fourfive,three,two)9Theboywassohungrythatheate＿＿＿.A.threebowlsofricesB.threebowlofriceC.threebowlofricesD.threebowlsofrice［答案］D.［析］rice是不可数物质名词，而bowl是可数名词。10Thereare＿＿＿monthsinayear.A.twelveB.twelfC.twelvethD.twelfth［答案］A.二、精选练习题及答案()1.Lincolnwasbornon________.A.February12,1809B.1809,February12C.1809,12FebruaryD.February1809,12()2.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell.A.ten-year-oldB.tenyearsoldC.ten-year-oldD.fifthyearsold()3.Anhourlater,___ministerwassenttoseethe“magiccloth”wovenbythosetwomen.A.twoB.thesecondC.thetwoD.second()4.AbrahamLincolnwas_______PresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.16B.the16C.16thD.the16th()5.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus________?A.twoB.thetwoC.secondD.thesecond()6.---Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?---________.A.TwentynineB.ThirtyandtwoC.Forty-fiveD.fifties()7.Whichnumberiswrong?_______.A.NinetyB.NinteenC.NinthD.Nineteenth()8.ThePeople’sLiberationArmywasfounded_______.A.onAugust1,1927B.in1927,1August10 C.onAugust1st,1927D.inAugust1,1927()9.Thenumber4,123isread_______.A.fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-threeB.fourthousandandonehundredtwenty-threeC.fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-threeD.fourthousandsahundredandtwenty-three()10.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis_________.A.inhissixtyB.inhissixtiesC.insixtiesD.inthesixty()11.Thisclassroomis________ours.A.threetimesbigasB.asthreetimesbigasC.threetimesasbigasD.asbigthreetimesas()12.Thebasketballteamofourschoolranks________inthematch.A.threeB.thirdC.thethreeD.thethird()13.Whichisthecarthathedrives?It’s________.A.fiftytwoB.thefifty-twocarsC.thecarfiftyfourD.thefifty-fourthcar()14.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?________.A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.B.Heisattheageof15.C.Heisaboyof15.D.Heisfifteenyearold.()15.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly________students.A.ninehundredsofB.ninehundredC.ninehundredsD.ninehundredof()16.----Howmanynewwordsaretherein________lesson?----Thereareonly_________.A.five;fifthB.fifth;fiveC.thefifth;thefiveD.thefifth;five()17.________,Coca-ColabegantoenterChina’smarket.A.In1970’sB.In1970sC.Inthe1970s’D.Inthe1970s()18.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada________.A.tenmileswalkB.ten-milewalkC.tenmile’swalkD.tenthmilewalk()19.Todayisthefirstdayand________.A.TuesdayisfourthB.ThursdayisthefourthC.secondisTuesdayD.asecondisThursday()20.Whichroomdoyoulivein?________.A.The201RoomB.Room201C.Room201stD.The201’sRoom()21.Howmanymagazinesdoyouhave?Ihave________.A.twoB.bothC.twiceD.thesecond()22.Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans________.A.3,170B.3,117C.300,170D.30,170()23.OnMay________,________peopletraveledroundthecountry.A.thefirst,millionsB.thefirst,millionsofC.first,themillionthD.first,millions10 ()24.________ofthemarediningatschool.A.TwelveB.TwelfthC.ThetwelveD.the12th()25.It’s7:17isread________.A.sevenandseventeenB.sevensevenC.sevenonesevenD.sevenseventeen()26.Four________twoistwo.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()27.Three________fiveiseight.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()28.Three________sevenistwenty-one.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()29.Forty-two________sevenissix.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()30.Thereare________daysinayear.A.threehundredsixtyandfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixty-fiveD.threehundredsixty-five()31.Thereare________studentsinthatschool.A.twothousandeight-sixB.twothousandeighty-sixC.twothousandandeighty-sixD.twothousandsandeighty-six()32.Ittookme________togetthere.A.twohoursandahalfB.twohoursandhalfC.twohourandahalfD.twohourandhalf()33.Septemberis_________monthoftheyear.A.theninethB.theninthC.ninethD.ninth()34.Pleasepassme_______bookontheleft.A.thirdB.threeC.thethirdD.thethree()35.________isaverytallboy.A.ThetwelveB.ThetwelvethC.ThetwelfethD.Thetwelfth()36.Wehaveknowneachotherfor________.A.ayearandhalfB.ayearwithhalfC.ayearandahalfD.ayearwithahalf()37.“Whatyearisit?”“It’s________.”A.nineteenhundredandninety-sevenB.nineteenandninety-sevenC.nineteenninetyandsevenD.nineteenninety-seven()38.“What’sthedatetoday?”“It’s_________.”A.TuesdayB.JuneFourthC.JunethefourD.Junethefourth()39.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive________.A.inquarterpastsixB.inaquarterpastsixC.atquarterpastsixD.ataquarterpastsix()40.Myfriendwasbornon_________.A.threeofJuly,1979B.thethirdofJuly,1979C.1979,JulythethirdD.1979,thethird10 ofJuly()41.________islessthan________.A.One-third;two-thirdsB.One-third;two-thirdC.First-three;first-threesD.One-third;one-three()42.Whichlessondidyoulearnyesterday?________.A.LessonSevenB.LessonseventhC.The7LessonD.7Lesson()43.“What’sthedatetoday?”“It’s_______.”A.thefourthofmayB.thefourthMayC.MayfourD.Maythefourth()44.334isread________.A.threehundredsandthirtyfourB.threehundredsthirtyfourC.threehundredandthirtyfourthD.threehundredandthirty-four()45.InFebruary,thereareonly_________days.A.twentynineB.twenty-ninethC.twenty-nineD.twentyeight()46.TherewillbeacomedyonTVat________thisevening.A.sevenpastthirtyB.halfpastsevenC.seventhethirtyD.thirtytoseven()47.Ittookme________tofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhoursB.oneandahalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandhalfhour()48.I’msotiredafter________walk.A.threehoursB.threehours’C.threehour’sD.threehour()49.Thereare________starsinthesky.A.millionofB.millionsofC.themillionD.amillionof()50.thestreetis________wide.A.twometersB.twometerC.thetwometerD.atwometer()51.Tuesdayisthe_______dayofaweekinEnglish. A.first  B.fifthC.thirdD.fourth()52.Thereare_______seasonsinayearinourcountry.A.two  B.fourC.secondD.fourth()53.Thegameof_______OlympicswillbeheldinBeijingin2008.A.29 B.the29thC.the29D.29th()54.Mostofthestarsaremuchmorebiggerthanthesun.Buttheyare____lightyearsawayfromus.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()55._______ofthesurface(表面)oftheearthis coveredwithwater.A.Firstthird B.TwothirdsC.OnethreeD.Twothree()56.Thereare_______peopleinmyfamily.Weliveonthe_______floorinatallbuilding.A.five,six B.fifth,sixthC.fifth,sixD.five,sixth()57.Boysandgirls,wearegoingtolearn_______today.A.FourLessonB.thefourthlesson10 C.theLessonFour  D.theFourLesson()58.Mylovelydaughteris_______.A.eightyearsold B.eight-year-oldC.eightyearoldD.eight-years-old()59.Thefloodhappened_______.A.inthesummerof1998B.inthesummerof1998sC.in1998ofthesummer D.in1998softhesummer()60.February28shouldbereadas_______.A.Februaryofthe28thB.Februaryof28C.28ofFebruaryD.the28thofFebruary()61.---Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?---Inabout_______.A.oneandahalfmonthB.onemonthandahalfC.oneandhalfamonthD.amonthandhalf()62.Wewillhavea_______holiday.WhataboutgoingtoSuzhou?A.fivedaysB.fivedayC.five-dayD.five-days()63.Wearesurethe_______centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twentieth-firstB.twentieth-oneC.twenty-oneD.twenty-first()64.---Whatis1/2and1/3?---It’s_______.A.2/5B.1/5C.5/6D.4/6()65.Attheageof_______,hehadhisownlab.A.thirtyB.thirtiethC.thethirtiethD.thethirty()66.Fivetimesfiveis_______.A.fiveB.zeroC.tenD.twenty-five()67._______areinthearmy.A.TwotheirsonsB.TheirtwosonsC.TheirsonstwoD.Twosonstheir()68.Mysisterisastudentof_______.A.theFirstClassB.ClassOneC.OneClassD.ClassFirst()69.Theboycancountfromoneto_______.A.hundredB.ahundredC.onehundredsD.hundreds()70.Theirhouseisabout_______asbigasours.A.timesthreeB.threetimeC.timethreeD.threetimes()71.---Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam?---Oh,yes._______,please.A.5kilobananasB.5kilosofbananasC.5kiloofbananasD.5kilosofbanana()72.Thisbuildingisfora_______.A.familyofthreeB.threepeopleC.threepeoplesfamilyD.threepeople’sfamily()73.Tenandfiveis_______.A.fiveB.fiftyC.fifteenD.two()74.Thereare_______inaday.A.24hoursB.12hoursC.fourhoursD.365hours10 ()75.Lookatthetable.Tomwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandanice-cream.Howmuchwillhepay?Hamburger$2.60Orangejuice$1.20Hotdog$2.15Coffee$1.50Ice-cream$2.00 Water$0.50Popcorn$1.00Largecoke$1.00A.Threedollarsandsixtycents.B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Fivedollarsandsixtycents.D.Twodollars.参考答案1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A6.C7.B8.A9.A10.B11.C12.D13.D14.D15.B16.D17.D18.B19.B20.B21.A22.C23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.B31.C32.A33.B34.C35.D36.C37.D38.D39.D40.B41.A42.A43.D44.D45.C46.B47.B48.B49.B50.A51-55CBBDB56-60DBAAD61-65BCDCA66-70DBBBD  71-75BACAC10