高中英语语法权威解析主谓一致 3页

高中英语语法权威解析主谓一致 主谓一致(Subject-VerbAgreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball.　可分为:语法一致,内容一致,就近一致.(一)语法一致原则:即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数.以下为注意事项:1.单数主语即使后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like(象),but(除了),except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan(而不是),including,inadditionto引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数.如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.   空气和水都是物质.Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner. 除了两个仆人外,没有一个人迟来用餐。2.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念,谓语动词用单数,否则用复数.如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.    那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.  锤子和锯都是有用的工具.(两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。3.不定式(短语),动名词(短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数.如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数.Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5.eachof+复数代词,谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数.如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说。6.若主语中有morethanone或manya/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时,谓语动词仍用复数.如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.    许多男生都喜欢打篮球.Morethanonestudentwaslate.    不只一个学生迟到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数.如:Noneofusare(is)perfect.  人无完人。Noneofthisworriesme.  这事一点不使我着急。8.名词如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数.如:Hisclothesaregood.但这些名词前若出现apairof,谓语一般用单数.如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜。9.形复意单名词如:news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:physics,mathematics,economics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNight<天方夜谈>;以及TheUnitedNations<联合国>等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。10.“a+名词+andahalf“,“oneandahalf+名词”,“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点。(二)内容一致原则:1.主语中有all,half,most,therest等,以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.   剩下的自行车，今天出售。60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.  这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Mostoftheappleswererotten.      大部分的苹果都是烂的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2.不定数量的词组,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3.加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于10。4.表示时间,金钱,距离,度量等的名词做主语时,尽管是复数形式,它们做为一个单一的概念时,其谓语动词用单数.如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离。5.(1)通常作复数的集体名词.包括police,people,cattle等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:  TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.(2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.(3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会决定解雇他。6.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物,作主语时,谓语动词用复数.如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)就近原则1.由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,(有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Herecomesthebus公共汽车来了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?你不在这儿的时候,你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2.用连词or,either....or,neither….nor,notonly….butalso等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit学生和老师都不知道这事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意:oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词为复数。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。Theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that./which引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。主谓一致练习1.About60percentofthestudents_____fromthesouth,therestofthem_____fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/is  B.are/are　C.is/are  D.are2.Halfoftheworkershere_____under30_____.A.is/years     B.are/yearold  C.is/yearsold  D.are/yearsofage3.NowTomwithhisclassmates_____footballontheplayground.A.play    B.areplaying　C.plays   D.isplaying4.Thenumberofpagesinthisdictionary_____abouttwothousand.A.are     B.has　  C.have    D.is5.Thirtydollars_____tooexpensive.A.are     B.is    C.were    D.be6.Theaudience_____solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.is    B.are     C.was    D.has7.Thesecretaryandprincipal_____atthemeetingnow.A.arespeaking  B.isspeaking   C.weremakingaspeech D.haveaspeech8."Ifanybody_____,pleaseputdown_____name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/his   B.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one"s     D.wantstohavethebookbought/her9.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_____intheroom.A.are   B.isstayed    C.is     D.areleft10.Havingarrivedatthestation,_____.A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleft           D.hefoundthatthetrainhadleft11.Betweenthetworoads_____aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.stands       B.standing    C.whichstands  D.stand12.Eitherofyou_____goingtheretonight.A.will    B.was    C.is      D.are13.Youaswell_____right.A.Iare     B.Iam    C.asIam   D.asIare14.AllbutDick_____inClassThreethisterm.A.are    B.is      C.were    D.was15.--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?　--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyou      B.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyou   D.willbetoolongforyou16.Wheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem_____atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussed    B.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussed     D.hasnotbeendiscussed17.ItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat_____veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatis   B.theyare    C.this      D.whichare18.Everystudentandeveryteacher_____.A.aregoingtoattendthemeeting  B.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeeting         D.isattendedthemeeting19.Threefourthsofthebread_____byBob,andtherestofthebread_____leftonthetable.A.waseaten/were   B.wereeaten/was　C.wereeaten/were  D.waseaten/was20.Thispairofshoes_____.A.isher     B.ishers　C.arehers   D.areher21.There______nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohave   B.aresaidtohave  C.issaidtobe     D.aresaidtobe22.Agroupof______areeating______and______atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leaves     B.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grass leaf      D.sheepsgrassleafs23.Myfamilyraisealotof_______,includingtwo______.A.cattlescows  B.cows cattle C.cattlecows  D.cow,cattles24.Whathesaysandwhathedoes_______.A.doesnotagree   B.donotagree C.doesnotagreewith D.notagree25.Theboyandthegirleach______toys.A.havetheirown B.hastheirown C.haveherown D.hasherown26.Sheistheonlyoneamongthe______writerswho______storiesforchildren.A.woman,writes B.womenwrite C.womenwrites  D.womanwrite27.Therailwaystationis______fromourschool.A.twohour`sdrive    B.twohours`drive C.twohourdrive D.twohoursdrive28.MikeandJohn`s______.A.fatherisateacher        B.fathersareteachers  C.fatherareteachers        D.fathersareteacher29.Agreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat______undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurred    B.areoccurred    C.occurs     D.occur30._______theclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.Eithertheofficesor   B.Theofficesand   C.Boththeofficeand    D.Theofficeand31.Three-fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinished B.hasbeenfinished C.havefinished D.havebeenfinished 32.Morethan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes______inEngland.A.is      B.was     C.are      D.be33.______workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople`slivingstandardA.Agreatdealof  B.Agreatmany  C.Alargenumberof  D.Many34.Therestofthemagazines______withinhalfanhour.A.issoldout  B.aresoldout    C.wassoldout  D.weresoldout35.There______alotofsugarinthejar.A.has   B.have    C.is    D.are36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.A.isis      B.are,are    C.areis     D.isare37.YesterdaytheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.  A.is    B.was    C.are     D.were.38.Maryaswellashersisters______ChineseinChina.A.arestudying  B.havestudied  C.studies   D.study39.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.are    B.is    C.will     D.may40.______canbedone______done.A.All,havebeen B.Allthat,havebeen   C.Allhas        D.Allthat,hasbeen41.Eitheroftheplans______equallydangerous.A.are   B.is C.has  D.have42.Thepolice______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearching         B.weresearchingfor  C.aresearching        D.wassearchingfor43.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.A.isit    B.areit    C.arethem   D.isthem44.TheOlympicgames______heldeveryfour______.A.isyears   B.areyears   C.isyear    D.areyear45.Heistheolyoneofthestudentswho______elected.A.are    B.have    C.has     D.is46.______agoodenoughpriceforthisbookA.Twoyuansare B.Twoyuanare   C.Twoyuansis    D.Twoyuanis47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyislandA.areseen    B.isseen    C.see      D.sees48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom______A.areusedtopolluting      B.getusedtopollutingC.isusedto,polluted     D.isusedto,beingpolluted49.Eachofthe______intheship.A.passengerhashisownroom    B.passengershavetheirownroomC.passengerhavetheirownroom  D.sengershashisownroom50.Whatweneed______goodtextbooks.A.is      B.are     C.have    D.has51.Whatyousaidjustnow______todowiththematterwearediscussing. A.havesomething   B.hassomething  C.hadsomething  D.wassomething52.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother______toattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.is      B.are    C.aregoing    D.have53.Neitherofthenovelswhich______popularwithus______beentranslatedintoChinese.A.arehas     B.arehave    C.ishave    D.ishas54.Everyboyandeverygirl______toattendtheeveningparty.A.wish     B.wishes    C.hope    D.arehoping55._______hasbeendone.A.nety—ninepercentsofthework      B.HalfofwhathepromisedC.Two-fifthsofthearticles    D.Threequarterofthebusiness答案：1-5BDDDB      6-10ABACD  11-15ACDAB   16-20DBCDB21-25CACBA  26-30CBACA   31-35CCADC  36-40CBCAD  41-45BBCBD     46-50DBDDB     51-55BAABB