五高中英语语法之情态动词 30页

翰林院情态动词 情态动词是一种特殊的动词，主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点，主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。一.Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability（能力）2.Obligation（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）4.Permission（允许） 二.Wealsousemodalverbsto:5.Makerequests（提出请求）6.Makesuggestions（提出建议）7.Makeoffers（提供帮助）8.Giveadvice（提出意见） 一.Ability(能力):能力cancouldBeableto Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,youwillbeabletoworkoutthisproblem.LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds. 2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉Heasksifhecouldsmokehere.—CouldIhavethetelevisionon?—Yes,youcan/may../No,youcan’t/I’mafraidnot. 3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）Canthisbetrue?He’ssuchanicepersonthathecan’tcommitthecrime.Howcanyoubesocareless.4.cannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”。Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad. can/beableto区别Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能性，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。 can/beableto区别AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyonewasabletorunoutofthebuilding.ShecanspeakbothEnglishandFrench 1.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto高考题 3.Theywill______runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto4.Thatbigcinema______seat2,000people.canB.shouldC.oughttoD.isableto5.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should 二.Obligation(义务):AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace……yethemustworkhardtowinthegoldmedal. Attention：Advisabilitynecessityoughtto/shouldhavetomustMymotherbringsmeupandtakesgoodcareofme,sowhensheisold,Imustlookafterherinreturn. 三.Certainty(可能性)ShiDongpengmightwinamedalattheOlympicGamesAttention:veryuncertainalmostcertainMightmaycould(can)shouldoughttowillmust 即时演练：1.He_____beathome.A.mayB.mightC.must2.He_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.must mustmust表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.2.表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly Haveatry:—They___bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.—Why？—Becausethelightsarestillburning.A.couldB.canC.mustD.would 4.Permission(允许):MayIeatKFCifIwinthegoldmedal?may/might:1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些.—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。 Hemaybeverybusynow高考题1.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could2.--_____IspeaktoMary,please?--Sorry,she____cometothephonebecausesheisn’tin.A.Might;won’tB.Can’t;mustn’tC.May;can’tD.Couldn’t;shouldn’t 3.--IsJohncomingbytrain?--Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2002高考题）A.mustB.canC.needD.may 5.Makingrequests(提出要求):informalformalwillcancouldwouldCanyouhelpmewithmytraining? 6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):Shallwedothetraininginthemorning?1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital? 3.Shall用于第三人称，表示在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应”、“必须”。Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlessaccompaniedbyanadult. ---__ItellMarythetestresults?---No,you____.She’salreadygotthescore.A.Will;won’tB.Shall;needn’tC.May;mustn’tD.Can;don’tTheroomissodirty.Wecleanit?A.willB.shallC.wouldD.do高考题 7.Makingoffers(提供帮助):Don’tworry,dear.Iwillwashthemrightawaywill/would:1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2.表示意志、愿望和决心Iwillneverdothatagain.3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。Theoldmanwouldhaveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork. 8.Givingadvice(提出意见):Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning.should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow? 2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然，竟然”。Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold. 高考题It’snearlyeighto’clock.Mike_____behereatanymoment.A.needB.hastoC.shouldD.canIt’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.could WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.--They___bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need