初中英语语法专项习题6.介词 17页

初中英语语法专项习题---介词常用介词介绍（一）表示时间的介词：1．at,on,in(1)at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”at5:30在5:30atsunrise日出时atlunch午饭时atnoon正午时atnight夜间Igetupat6:00everyday.我每天6:00起床。表示“在……岁”时用attheageof…。如：attheageoffive.在五岁时。(2)on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：onMonday在星期一onApril1st在四月一日IheardashotonthemorningofMarch18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用inthemorning/afternoon/evening,atnight；但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。如：OntheafternoonofMay23.在五月二十三日下午。(3)in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。InSeptember在九月inwinter在冬季in1999在1999年inthe20thcentury在20世纪inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上2．for,during,through(1)for表示“一段时间”，后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。I’vebeenasoldierfor5years.我入伍已5年了。Shehasbeenillforseveraldays.她已经病了几天了。表示“持续一段时间”时，for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”，而during后决不可接数字。(2)during表示“在……期间”Hevisitedmanyniceplacesduringhisstayhere.在他逗留期间他参观了许多美丽的地方。Whatdidyoudoduringthesummervacation?你在暑假做了什么？(3)through表示“一直……，自始至终”Theyworkedhardthroughthewinter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。Shetreatedmelikeherbrotherthroughtheseyears.这些年来她始终把我当哥哥对待。3．from,since(1)from表示“等时间的起点”，作“从……”解，多用于“from…to/till…”中。YoucancomeanytimefromMondaytoFriday.周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。Theexamwillstartfrom9:00a.m.考试将从上午九点开始。①from“从……（开始）”未必持续到现在，如：from1995to1998.从1995年到1998年。而since是指“自从……以来一直持续到现在”②since一般只与现在完成时连用，而from不受此限。(2)since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”Hehasbeenawayfromhomesince1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。Wehaveknowneachothersincetenyearsago.我们十年前就认识了。 for与since表示一段时间，但for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。如fortwohours（持续）两小时；sincelastweek自从上周直到现在4．before,by,till,until(1)before指“在……之前”Pleasecomebeforeteno’clock.请10点以前来。Themeetingwillendafter3:00p.m.会议将在下午三点后结束。表示“在……以前”时，before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至……为止”之意，此时可与完成时连用，而before一般不与完成时连用。如：Howmanymodelshaveyoumadebytheendoflastmonth?截至上月底你做了多少个模型？(2)by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”Imustfinishmyhomeworkbylunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。Wehadlearnedover1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。(3)tell(until)“直到……为止”Youmustwaitforhimtilltomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。Hedidn’tcomebackuntiltwelveo’clocklastnight.他昨晚下到12点才回来。在肯定句中，till(until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用，till(until)只能用于否定句中。5．after,in,within①after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。We’llholdapartyafterdinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。Hegotacanceranddiedafterayear.他患了癌症，一年后去世了。I’llphoneyouafterIarrive.到达后我给你打电话。（after作连词）②within“在……时间之内”Icanfinishitwithanhour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。比较after与in①after后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点，如afterschool（放学后），而in后必须跟一段时间，如inanhour（一小时后）。②after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in只能用于将来时。③after既可作介词，又可作连词，而in只能作介词②in“在……时间之后”I’llarriveinanhour.我一小时后到达。in与within后都必须跟时间段。（二）表示“地点、方向”的介词：1．Inoutsidebetween,among①in表示“在……里面”，如：What’sinthebox?盒子里是什么？Sheputherbookinthedesk.她把书放进了书桌。②outside指“在……外面”Therearemanypeopleoutsidetheroom.房间外有很多人。Whatdidyouseeoutsidethehall?你在大厅外看见了什么？③between在……之间（指二者）Thereisahospitalbetweenthehotelandthepostoffice.在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。Thebuildingstandsbetweentheparkandthesmallriver.那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。 between是指“在两者之间”，而among指“在多个之间”。④among在……之间（指三者以上）“Thereisathiefamongyou.”Thepolicemanshoutedtothecrowd.警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷！”Hefoundhisplaceamongthecrowd.他在人群中找到了他的位置。2．on,above,over,below,under(1)on在……上面，表面相互接触。Thereisanappleonthetable.桌上有一个苹果。Onthetopofthehill,thereisaflag.山顶有一面旗子。(2)above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，与below相对。Aplaneflewaboveourheads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。TheTurnersliveaboveus.特纳一家人住在我们的上面。(3)over“在……正上方”，与under相对。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。Thepictureishangingovertheblackboard.那张图挂在黑板的正上方。(4)below在……下方，低于……Therearemanyflowersbelowthewindow.窗下有很多花。Herskirtreachesjustbelowherknees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。(5)under在……正下方Theysatunderabigtree,drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。Whatareyouwearingunderyourcoat?你外套里面穿了什么？3．near,by,beside(1)near在……附近，与far相对Ahospitalwasbuiltneartherailwaystation.在火车站附近建了一所医院。Myhoneisneartheschool.我的家离学校很近。(2)by=beside,靠近，在……旁边，比near距离更近Hejustsatby/besidemeinthecinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。Helaydownbesidethestatuary.他在雕像旁躺下了。4．Infrontof,behind,around(1)infrontof在……前面Ariverflowsinfrontofthehouse.房子前有一条河Theyputabunchofflowersinfrontofthedoor.他们在门前放了一束花。Inthefrontof表示“在……前部”，指里面。Thereisaredchairinthefrontoftheroom.在房间前半部有把红椅子。(2)behind在……后面Ahighbuildingstandsbehindthevillage.村子后面有一高层建筑。Thecatliesbehindthedoor.猫躺在门后面。(3)around在……周围，围绕Therearemanytreesaroundthevillage.村子周围有很多树围绕。Thereareflowersaroundthestage.舞台周围摆着鲜花。5．from,to,for,into,outof(1)from从……ThetrainstartedfromParis.火车发自巴黎。 ShewillflyfromBeijingtoHongKong.她将从北京飞往香港。(2)to到……（目的地）去，向……HewenttoGermanylastyear.他去年去了德国。Theygottothetownverylate.他们很晚才到那个镇。(3)for向……，表目的方向HeleftforTianjinonbusinessyesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。ThetrainforShanghaihasbeenaway.去往上海的火车已经开走了。towards,to和for都可表示“向……”，其区别如下：①towards仅指朝向某个方向，不一定是目的地，而to和for都是“向目的地”。②for作“向（目的地）”时，常用于固定搭配中，如：leavefor;startfor(4)into进入Pleaseputthewaterintothebottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithasmile.老师微笑着走进了教室。(5)outof从……出来Abeautifulgirlinredwentoutoftheshop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。Theypulledhimoutofthewater.他们把他从水里拉了出来。6．along,across,through(1)along沿着Helikestodrivealongtheriver.他喜欢沿着河开车。Thereareallkindsofbeautifulflowersalongtheroadstreet.沿街有着各种美丽的花。(2)across横穿Thelittlegirlisafraidtogoacrossthestreet.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。It’sdangeroustorunacrossthebusyroad.跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。(3)through穿过Ittookustenminutestodrivethroughthetunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。Hepushedhiswaythroughthecrowdtotheplatform.他从人群里挤到了站台。7．at,in二者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等。（但大小有时也是相对的）。HelivesatNo.27ZhongshanstreetinNanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。TheplanewillarriveinBeijingat13:00.飞机将于13点到达北京。三、其它用途的介词：1．表示“标准或单位”的介词：at,for,by(1)at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”Hedroveataspeedof80milesanhour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。Isoldmycaratahighprice.我以高价出售了我的汽车。(2)for用……交换Iboughtitfor20dollars.买它花了我20美元。Howmuchfortheseapples?这些苹果多少钱？at与for都表示价格，但at表示“单价”,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词，而for后只能跟总钱数。如：Iboughtitatalowprice.我买它的价格很低。Iboughtitatthepriceof$80apound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。Isolditfor$10.我10美元把它卖掉了。 (3)by以……计，后跟度量单位Goldissoldbythegram.金以克出售。Theypaidhimbythemonth.他们按月给他计酬。2．表示“材料”的介词：of,from,in(1)of表示从成品仍可看出原料。Thisboxismadeofpaper.这个盒子是纸做的。Thissaladismadeofapplesandstrawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。(2)from表示从成品已看不出原料。Breadismadefromwheat.面包是小麦做的。Thelifeboatismadefromsomespecialmaterial.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。(3)in用……材料。常用write,speak,talk,answer等连用。Pleasefillintheforminpencilfirst.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。TheytalkinEnglish.他们用英语交谈。in指材料时，材料前不用冠词。比较：用铅笔画3．表示“工具或手段”的介词：by,with,on(1)by凭借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如：bybus乘公共汽车，byplane乘飞机Heusuallygoestoworkbybike.他通常骑车去上班。Hesentthenewstomebye-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。表示搭乘交通工具时，既可用by，又可用in，区别在于用by时，表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词，而用in时名词前必须加冠词。(2)with用……工具Hebrokethewindowwithastone.他用石头把玻Hestoppedtheballwithhisrightfoot.他用脚把球停住。with表示“用……工具”时，工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。(3)on以……方式。多用于固定词组。Theytalkedonthetelephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。ShelearnsEnglishontheradio/onTV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。4．表示“关于”的介词：of,about,on(1)of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在，如：Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.他前几天提到了这部影片。Hethoughtofthismatteryesterday.他昨天想到了这件事。Hethoughtaboutthismatteryesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。(2)about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。It’sabookforchildrenaboutAfricaanditspeople.它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？(3)on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的，供专门研究用的。It’satextbookonthehistoryofChina.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。5．表示“原因、理由”的介词：for,at,from,of,with(1)for表示“一般的理由”常与famous,punish等词连用。Xi’anisfamousforitslonghistory.西安因历史悠久而著名。Thecityiswellknownforherlargepopulation.这座城市以人口众多而知名。(2)at一般指“情感”的原因，通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后，表示“ 因听到或看到而……”。Shegotangryathiswords.她因为他的话生气了。Hewassurprisedatthenews.听到这消息他大吃一惊。(3)from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。Hediedfromthewound.他因受伤而致死。Hersonwasbadlyhurtinatrafficaccident.她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。(4)of表示“内在的原因”，如病、饿等到。Hediedofcancer.他死于癌症。Theoldmandiedofhunger.老人死于饥饿。(5)with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因。Heshookwithcold.他因寒冷而发抖。Heshoutedloudlywithanger.他气得大喊大叫。6．like,as(1)like像……一样（其实不是）Thelittletigerlookslikeacat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。Themooncakesarelikethemoon.月饼像月亮。(2)as作为，以……身份（其实是）Hewashangedasaspy.他被作为间谍绞死了。Hetalktomeasafather.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。7．against,foragainst反对，与for是反义词，如：Areyouformyideaoragainstit?你赞同还是反对我的想法？Theyfoughtagainsttheenemy.他们抗击敌人。8．besides,except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于aswellas。Heisinterestedintennisbesides（aswellas）football.除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。（1）besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，表示两部分的相似性。Twenty-fivestudentswenttothecinemabesideshim.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)WelikebiologybesidesEnglish.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生物。（生物和英语都喜欢）（2）except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。Everyoneisexcitedexceptme.除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）AllthevisitorsareJapaneseexcepthim.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）在以下几种情况中，介词常常省略。1．当表示时间的词前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等时，介词应省略。Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.（lastweek前不能用介词in等）上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天都行。Comeonanydayyoulike.（×）next前可以加冠词，但意义不同。Nextweek下周（以现在为起点）thenextweek第二周（以过去某时为起点）2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”解时，前面不用介词， 每小时80英里。80milesinanhour.（×）80milesanhour.（）Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。3．含有way的短语。如：inthesameway,inthis/thatway,inanotherway等用于句末时，in常省略。Shediditthesameway.她用同样的方法做的。三、介词的固定搭配1.Atbegoodat精通于beannoyedat对……烦恼beangryat对(事)……发怒(take)aimat瞄准laughat因……而发笑stareat盯着看，凝视atthebest充其量atfirst开始atlarge自由地atleast至少，起码atlength最后，终于atonce立即，马上atpresent现在atrest休息，静止不动attimes间或，有时Hewasangryathisbrother"sremark.他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。Idon"tknowhimbuthehasbeenstaringatmefortenminutes.我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。Theforeigncountries"attemptatablockadeoftheportwasunsuccessful.外国试图对这个港口实施封锁，但没有成功。IknowIamatfault.我知道我错了。Theescapedprisonerisstillatlarge.那逃犯仍逍遥法外。Heisatpresentawayonhisholidays.他现在到外地度假去了。2.Aboutcarefulabout小心particularabout对……讲究carelessabout粗心doubtfulabout对……怀疑sureabout肯定concernedabout担心acomplaintabout抱怨，叫屈bringabout导致，引起careabout关心，介意leaveabout乱放，乱扔fussabout大惊小怪anxiousabout担心，想念例如：Howdiditcomeabout?那事是怎样发生的?Sheiscrazyaboutpopmusic.她对流行音乐着了迷。Englishpeoplearealwaysmakingcomplaintsabouttheirweather.英国人老是埋怨天气不好。HeisenthusiasticaboutthemusicofBrahams.他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。Harrylikeseatingverymuchbutheisn"tveryparticularaboutthefoodheeats.哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。3.Againstfightagainst反对immuneagainst免除……voteagainst投票反对 protect…against保护……免受standagainst反对，经受住anaccusationagainst控制，谴责aprejudiceagainst偏见，万岁guardagainst防护protestagainst反对，抗议riseagainst起来反抗runagainst对……不利，违反striveagainst和……斗争adefenceagainst防护，保卫aprotestagainst抗议，反对例如：Iprotestagainsttheircriticism.我对他们的批评提出抗议。Hemadeafalseaccusationagainsthisboss.他诬告上司。Thoseclothesdon"tgiveyoumuchprotectionagainstthecold.那些衣服不能使你御寒。Heshouldguardagainstpassingondiseasetohisfamily.他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。4.Byabideby遵守pull…by拉住bymistake弄错，失误byvirtueof靠，由于bymeansof使用byaidof借助于bywayof经由byforce以武力，强迫地bymarriage联姻而产生的例如：Heisbynatureakind,generousfellow.他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。Theysentthelettertomebymistake.他们误把那封信送给了我。TheoldRomanarmieshadseveralgeneralswhotookcommandbyturns.古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。Byvirtueofhisvictory,hefelthecoulddowhathepleased.由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。Iprobablyknowhimbysightbutnotbyname.我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。5.Forcompetentfor胜任forgood永远forthesakeof为……缘故forthebetter好转forthepurposeof为……目的forachange改变一下forthetimebeing暂时forfearof免得anaffectionfor爱，爱情applicationfor申请(make)preparationfor为……作准备blamefor责怪，责备causefor理由readinessfor为……准备就绪anoccasionfor时机，机会contemptfor轻蔑，藐视ademandfor需要，需求evidencefor证据，根据afondnessfor喜欢areasonfor理由，原因arespectfor尊敬，尊重asearchfor搜寻，找寻例如：Ishouldliketorepeatmyopeningremarksforthebenefitofthosewhojustcamein. 我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。Shegotupearlytobereadyforthepost.为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。NewYorkisfamousforitsskyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。Hisexcuseforbeinglatewasthathistrainwasdelayed.他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。Thisnewschoolwillhavenoplaygroundforthetimebeing.这所新学校将暂时没有操场。Ifonedoesnothaverespectforoneself,onecan"texpectotherstorespecthim.如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。Nobodyknowstheageoftheearthforcertain.没有人确切知道地球的年龄。6.Fromdifferfrom与……不同，相异dismiss…from解雇，使……离职infer…from从……推论出prevent…from阻止，防碍protect…from保护……以免resignfrom辞职sufferfrom受……之苦tell…from把……与……区分开来fromadistance从远处，远远地fromtheheart诚心诚意地fromthefirst从一开始例如：Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasuddenshower.你甚至可以到店里去避避雨。FromthefirstIdislikedhim.从一开始我就不喜欢他。Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromheartdiseasehasincreased.患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。AllenandIareinthesamehistoryclass,buthisassignmentisdifferentfrommine.爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。assistin帮助做某事consistin在于engagein从事，参与givein让步，妥协specializein专攻，专门研究takein欺骗，收容beliefin信仰，相信adelightin以……为乐anexpertin专家，能手infact事实上intheeventof万一inone"sopinion据……见解inbloom开着花inthedirectionof朝……方向incomparisonwith与……比较inpossessionof拥有，占有inviewof由于，考虑到inanyevent无论如何inthecourseof在……过程中inshort简言之believein信仰，信赖endin以……告终excelin(在某方面)突出地好invest…in在……投资succeedin在……方面获得成功participatein参加confidencein信任，相信difficultyin困难，困境pleasurein高兴arisein上涨，增长(thereisno)pointin(做某事没)有意义There"snoharmin不妨aspecialistin专家aninterestin兴趣，关心participationin参加troublein苦恼，麻烦interestedin对……感兴趣fortunatein有幸constantin对……持久lackingin缺乏expertin在……熟练confidentin信任intime及时intheinterestof为了……利益例如： Wehopedthatweshouldhaveconfidenceineachotheragain.我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。Helistenedinwhilewewerediscussingthisquestion.他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题。Inconclusion,Ishallnotaccepttheinvitation.总之，我是不会接受邀请的。Wemustgiveupthisplanforwearelackinginfunds.我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。Thisshopspecializesinteaandcoffee.这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。Hewantstohaveariseinwages.他想要增加工资。IncomparisonwithEngland,Irelandhasasmallpopulation.与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。8.Intoargue…into说服……做frighten…into恐吓……做plungeinto投身于runinto碰见turn…into把……变成divide…into把……分成translate…into把……翻译成force…into迫使……做crashinto撞到……上burstinto突然开始，爆发出burstinto闯入inquireinto调查reason…into说服……做talk…into说服……做trick…into诱骗……做deceive…into欺骗……去做pullinto到达，开进cutinto减轻，减少change…into把……变成breakinto突然闯入例如：Onhearingthesadnews,sheburstintotears.一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。Thetaxidriverpulledintoaroadsiderestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。Theyfrightenedtheoldladyintosigningthecontract.他们吓嘘老太太签了合同。9.Ofworthyof值得tired厌倦considerateof体贴awareof知道consciousof认识到proudof骄傲composedof由……组成certainof确信regardlessof不管fondof喜爱cautiousof小心innocentof清白，无罪approveof赞成，批准consistof由……组成inform…of通知rob…of抢劫convince…of使……确信deprive…of剥夺，使……丧失disposeof处理suspect…of怀疑guiltyof犯罪ignorantof忽视accuse…of控告(某人)assure…of使……确信hearof听说remind…of使想起，提醒smellof有……气味cure…of治愈……病dieof死于speakof谈到，提及 10.Toaccessto进入，通道attentionto注意exposureto暴露injuryto损伤，伤害anobjectionto反对dedicationto献身，热爱resistanceto阻力，抵抗similarityto类似，相似similarto相似，相同indifferentto不在乎equalto等于devotedto献身于contraryto违反，相反adaptto使习惯amountto相当于，等于confessto承认owe…to把……归功于reportto报到stickto坚持toacertainextent在一定程度上toone"ssatisfaction使……满意totheutmost尽力anattitudeto态度(attach)importanceto重视alimit限制contributionto贡献，捐助adisgraceto耻辱aresponseto反应，响应avisitto访问，拜访relevantto对……有关inferiorto比……下等gratefulto感激insensitiveto迟钝parellelto平行addto增加，加强belongto属于leadto导致preferto宁可，更喜欢sentence…to宣判turnto求助于toone"sliking合……胃口toone"sface当面toone"sbenefit对……有益toone"staste合……胃口例如:Heansweredthequestionstoeverybody"ssatisfaction.他回答了问题，使人人都很满意。Theprofessorsometimesmakesremarksthatarenotrelevanttothetopic.有时候那位教授训一些跟主题无关的话题。Iobjecttotheplanonthegroundsthatitistooexpensive.我反对这项计划，理由是费用过于庞大。Thepaintcameoffastheresultofexposuretotherain.由于长期淋雨，油漆脱落了。Yourcomputerissimilartomine.你的计算机与我的相似。Isympathizewithheronlytoacertainextent.我只是在一定程度上同情她。Hededicatedhislifetothecauseofmedicine.他将一生献给了医学事业。11.Onadviceon忠告，意见anattackon袭击，攻击dependenceon依靠，依赖anemphasison强调，重点(keep)aneyeon照看，注意aninfluenceon影响(have)mercyon怜悯，对…时间介词的用法及辨异表示时间的介词，在英语介词中占着相当重要的位置。在初中阶段英语教学过程中，已出现了许多用来表示时间的介词。其中有：atoninduringfortotilluntilafterbybefore等。本文着重谈一谈这些介词在表示时间的用法及它们之间的同异之处。　　1.atonin　　a）at用来表示时间时，通常指时间的某一点。例如：atfiveo’clockatnoonatmidnight　　b）on用来表示某一段时间，特指某天或某天的上午下午或晚上。例如：onSunday,onOctober,onSaturdaymorning.　　c）in也可用来表示一段时间，但多指长于一天或不到一天的时间段。例如：inJanuary,insummer,in1988,inthemorning,intheevening.　　2.induring　　a）during用来表示一段时间，其意义大致相当于in的用法。一般来说，凡是能用in的地方，也可以用during.例如：Hecametoseemeduringmyabsence..Don’tgotoseehiswifeinhisabsence.　　b）during与in的区别在于during强调时间的延续性，而in则只是一般指某一时间。试比较：TheyvisitedmanycitiesduringtheirstayinChina.Hergrandpawaskilledinthewar.　　3.inforduring　　a）“in＋时间”与“for＋时间”都可表示一段时间，但“for＋时间”表示“有多久”，而“in＋时间”则表示“在何时” 。（例如：Weworkedthereforthewinter.Theyworkedthereinwinter.　　以上两例中，inwinter强调“在冬季”，不一定包括整个冬季时间，而forthewinter则强调“整个冬天”。　b）for用来表示一般时间，常跟具体的时间段。例如forafewdaysfor3weeksforfivemonths等　　4.sinceaftersinceafter　　都可以用来引导表示从过去某一点开始的时间段词组。它们的不同之处在于：　　a）since引导的词组所表示的时间一直延续到说话时为止，因而要与现在完成时连用。例如：Hehasbeentheretwicesince1982.Ihavedonenothingsincesixo’clock.　　b）after引导的词组所表示的时间是纯系过去，并不延续到说话时，因此要和一般过去时连用。例如：Hewenthomeafterschool.　　5.tilluntilto　　a）介词till／until常用于“from.……till／until”结构中，表示“一个动作的终结”。介词to常用在“from.……to”的结构中，用来表示“一个阶段的终结”。两者在这种结构中意义十分接近。例如：TheAmericansstayedherefromJunetoSeptember.Hestudiesfrommorningtill／untilnighteveryday.　　b）to可用在表示钟点的词前。我们说It’ssixtofive但不能说It’ssixtill／untilfive.反之在某些能用till／until的场合，却不能用to.例如：在“not.……until”结构中，我们说Ididn’tgotobedtill／untilteno’clock.却不能说Ididn’tgotobedtoteno’clock.　　c）till与until也有细微区别。till常用在非正式文体或口语中，而until则常用于正式文体及比较正式的场合。另外，在句首多用until.　　6.bybefore　　a）by表示时间时，意思是“到……以前”、“不迟于”、“到……时（为止）”。例如：bysuppertimebytheendoflastterm　　b）before表示时间，意为“在……以前”。例如：beforeliberationthedaybeforeyesterday　　c）by与before的区别在于，by短语表示时间，强调“终止点”，而before短语表示时间，强调“起始点”。例如：Yoursonwillbeallrightbysuppertime.句中的bysuppertime表示从说话时到晚饭前这段时间。）而before构成短语则表示从某一时间或事件之前，例如：Thepoorchildrencouldn’tgotoschoolbeforeliberation.练习题|1()1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2-Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on2()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast()2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.fora week()3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear3()1Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestfeet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For()3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of()4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in4()1HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;ia()2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to()3MrsBrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in()4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning___JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for()5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;iniB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in()6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on5()1Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.A.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on()3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of()4Thechildrengetup___6o"clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in6()1Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without()2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe()3Anewfactorywillbesetup:___ayear.^"lotaeA.forB.inC.afterD.on()4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late()5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on()6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during()7MrBrownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during7()1Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before()2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since()3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before()4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on8()7Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when()2Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while()3Theydidn"tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at91Don"tworry.Hewillreturn____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD. soon3Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.A.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago10()1___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes()2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.A.Sometime"B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes()3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewB.sometimeB.sometimes11()1Idon"tliketosit___Tom"sright.Iwouldliketosit___thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on()2Thereisabrook____redflowersandgreengrass___bothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in()3Therearemanytrees___oftheroad!And____ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberC.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber12()1Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky()2Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace()3Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace()4Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace13()1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackofC.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof()2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim"sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on()3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on14()1.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?-Ihaven"tgot____me.A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on()21likemooncakes____meat____them.A.in;onB.with;onC.in;theD.with;in()3Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;fromD.on;of()4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of()5Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.A.inaB.inC.onD.ona15()1Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at()2Thereisadoor___thewall."ta^ncA.onB.toC.ofD.in()3ThiskindofVCDismade____China..A.inB.fromC.atD.on()4Anyman___eyes______hisheadcanseethathe"sexactlylikearope.A.with;onB.with;inC.on;withD.in;with16()1Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2Don"tread____thesun.It"sbad___youreyes.A.in;toB.under;forC.with;toD.in;on()3Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at()4Therearesomanyapples___thattree.A.inJB,onC.at,D.from 17()1Theboatispassing___thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across()2Twoplanesareflying___thecity.A.throughB.over,C.on,D,below()3Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill.A.underB.belowC.overD.on()4Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above18()1TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on()2Myhometownlies___thecity.___Ioftengotothecitybybike.A.50milesintheeast;HoweverB.totheeast40milesof;ButC.intheeast45milesfrom;ButD.35mileseastof;However()3Themanstood____thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC.withD.to()4Japanlies____theeastofChina.A.onB/toC.inD.with19()1Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo___?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in()2Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.A.without;alongB.with;throughC.nextto;passD.beside;through()3Theriverruns____thecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from()4Ittookusoveranhourtowalk____thisstreet.A.fromB.throughC.overD.across20()1UncleWangarrived____No.14MiddleSchoolhalfanhourago.A.atB.inC.,to^D./()2Didyourfriendsendyousomething___theendoflastweek?A.atB.byC.inD.to()3Themonument____thoseheroesstands____thefootofthemountain.A.of;atB.to;onC.for;byD.to;at()4Myunclelives____88BeijingStreet.A.toB.ofC.atD.on()5Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.A.for;inB.on;atC.with;atD.for;at21()1Woodisoftenmade___paper.A.byB.fromC.ofD.into()2___research___theuniversescientistshaveputalotofinformation___computers.A.With;over;atB."On;at;toC.In;about;intoD.For;with;through()3;Whenapieceoficeistaken____awarmroom,itgetssmallerandsmalleruntil___theenditdisappearscompletely.A.in;inB.outof;atC.into;inD.to;by()4Awomanfell___theboat___thewater.A.off;intoB.at;belowC.down;underD.away;in22()1Thetablesintherestaurantaresoclosetogetherthatthere"shardlyanyroomtomove___them.A.amongB.betweenC.inthemiddleofD.atthecentreof()2Englishiswidelyusedforbusiness____differentcountries.A.betweenB.toC.forD.on()3Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?A.forB.inC.amongD.between()4Wevisitedhimathisworkplace___theyoungtreesandaskhimabouthiswork.A.inB.amongC.betweenD.at()5Thereisthedifference___ChinesefoodandAmericanfood.A.fromB.atC.betweenD.by()6Thepolicestationis___theclothingshop___thepostoffice.A.between;andB.among;andC.near;ofD.on;right()7Heis____thegreatestscientistsintheworld.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.of23()1Thereisabook-store___ourhouse.A.atB.throughC.acrossD.near()2Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.A.toB.forC.around-;D.near ()3Themoonisthe___totheearth.A.closedB.nearC.nearestD.close24()1Wehaveclasseseveryday____Sunday.A.besideB.besidesC.exceptD.exceptfor()2Nobodyknewit____me.A.butB.besideC.besidesD.without()3Whatdoyouspendyourtimeon___workandstudy?A.exceptB.besidesC.butD.without()4Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.A.withoutB.besideC.besidesD.except()5Weneedfifteenmorepeople____thetwentyofustodothejob.A.besidesB.andC.exceptD.without()6NooneknewwhereMrSmithlived____hisdaughter.A.besidesB.andC,onlyD.except25()1_____thehelpoftheteacher,Tomhasmaderapidprogress____hisstudies.A.For;atB.Of;forC.By;onD.With;in()2Thechildrenareinterested___thissubject.A.toB.withC.inD.at()3Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.A.with;inB.on;inC.in;withD.with;at()4I"velostmyinterest____physics.A.inB.onC.atD.for()5Hedroveaway___thedirectionofLondon.A.inB.atC.toD.for()6Theletterwaswritten___ink.A.withB.inC.byD.at26()1___themoney,sheboughtanewcoat___herfather.A.With;forB.With;toC.For;withD.To;with()2WeiHuagetsonwell___herclassmates.A.withB.inC.toD.at()3Thereissomethingwrong___mybike.A.atB.inC.onD.with()4Theyarefillingtheirbags____booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.ofD.by()5Whentheteacherheardustalkinginclass,hewasveryangry____A.toB.withC.forD.of()6WeusuallycovertheChristmastrees____colourlights.A.inB.useC.forD.with27()1-Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.-Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.A.byB.withC.atD.on()2Don"tlaugh____him,heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.atB.toC.aboutD.over()3Theboycriedout___thetopofhisvoice.A.atB.inC.onD.to28()TWeChinesepeopleareall___ourmotherland.A.famousforB.proudofC.busywithD.goodat()2Thebeautifulbottlewasmade____glass.A.fromB.inC.ofD.by()3Thisisamap___China.A.inB.atC.ofD.on()4Agroup___boysandgirlsaredancinginthepark.A.withB.ofC.forD.to29()1Theyaregettingready____fly____England____theirholiday.A.for;to;toB.to;to;forC.for;for;toD.to;to;to()2Whatdidyouhave___breakfast?A.atB.asC.forD.about()3Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball____thefirsttime____theirlives.A.for;inB.at;inC.on;forD.in;with()4Tomalwayscomeslate____school.A.at.B.insideC.toD.for()5MrSmithcaughthold___Bobandsaid,"Thisisagoodlesson___you.A.of;forB.for;ofC.of;ofD.for;for()6Theshop___clothesistherightside___thestreet.A.of;at;besideB.for;on;atC.for;on;ofD.of;in;of参考答案：1.1-7BAAAAAB2.1-3CCB 3.1-4BBBB4.1-6CADBAD5.1-4BDBA6.1-7BABBACA7.1-4CBBC8.1-3BAA9.1-4AAAA10.1-4BADC11.1-3ABC12.1-4AACB13.1-3BDB14.1-5BDABA15.1-4CDAB16.1-4AAAB17.1-4CBBD18.1-4BBBB19.1-4ABBB20.1-5AADCD21.1-5DCCA22.1-7BADBCAA23.1-3DCC24.1-6CABCAD25.1-6DCAAAB26.1-6AADBBD27.1-3CAA28.1-4BCCB29.1-6BCACAC