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初中英语语法复习之动词时态知识点及巩固练习英语的动词在表示不同时间里发生的行为或存在的状态时,要用不同的形式来表示,这种不同的形式叫做动词的时态。英语常用的时态有八种,分别是:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。第一节知识点概述一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作)或存在的状态,句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday等时间状语。例如:1)Hegoestoschoolatseveno’clockeveryday.2)Thesunrisesintheeast.二、一般过去时一般过去时主要用于表示过去时间,句中常有yesterday,ago,in1989,once,lastweek(month,year),atthattime,justnow等时间状语。
例如:1)hewasbornin1989.2)IusedtoplayfootballwhenIwasyoung.三、一般将来时英语动词表示将来时间有多种形式,其共同特点是句中常有表示见来时间的状语,如:tomorrow,nextweek,inaweek例如:1)Wewillvisitthesciencemuseumnextweek.2)Wearegoingtodiscusstheproblemtomorrow.四、现在进行时进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情,句中常用now,atthismoment等时间状语连用。例如:1)Theboyisplayingvideogames.2)Hisfatheriswritinganovelthesedays.五、现在完成时现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态,或还要延续下去,句中常用:since,for,yet,already表示的一段时间状语连用。例如:
1)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1980.2)Ihavefinishedmytask.六、过去进行时过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。例如:1)Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.2)WhenIcamein,theywerehavingsupper.七、过去完成时表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作,或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作和状态。例如:1)Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearnedmorethan2,000Englishwords2)Myteacherhadtaughtinthatschoolfortenyearsbeforeshecamehere.八、过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句当中,主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。例如:1)Hesaidthathewouldstudyharderthanbefore.2)Hedidn’ttellmewhenhewouldgo.第二节实战演练一、例题选讲例1Look,she_______(have)abunchofflowersinherhand.答案:has提示:尽管句中有look,但在英语中表示“有”,不能用进行时态,本句意思指“她手中有一束花”。例2John_______(make)muchprogressinhislessonssincelastterm.He___(study)harderlateron.答案:hasmade,will/isgoingtostudy提示:第一句中,sincelastterm暗示了谓语动词要用现在完成时态。说明从上学期以来取得了很大进步,第二句中的lateron要注意用一般将来时。例3Cherryarrivedatschoolaftertheclass_______(begin)yesterday.答案:hadbegun
提示:begin虽然也能作及物动词,但在表示某事开始时,一般以不及物动词出现,不用被动结构。例4Ifit______(notrain)tomorrow,we_______(go)tothepark.答案:doesn’train,willgo提示:这是条件状语从句,主句是将来时,其时间或条件状语从句应用一般现在时。例5Greatchanges______(take)placeinShanghaiinthepasttenyears.答案:havetakenplace提示:Inthepasttenyears会造成过去时间感觉,但其意思是近十年中,与现在有关,要用现在完成时。例6Itissaidthatthey_______(hold)anEnglisheveningnextweek.答案:willhold提示:主句Itissaid是现在时时态,从句要用将来时,不能用过去将来时。二、复习时需要注意的要点(1)将来时除了shall/will+v.以外还有begoingto+v.,表示不久即将发生的事,bedoing(用于某些动词,如leave,come,
start,reach等);be+to+v.,可带时间状语,表示“必须”;“打算”,beabout+to+v.,表示“即将”。例如:1)Hurryup!Thebusisstarting.2)WeareleavingforNanjingtomorrow.(2)有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词没有进行时。例如:be,like,want,love,hear,wash,hope(3)现在完成时与一般过去时都表示动作发生于过去,但现在完成时强调结果,一般过去时强调时间。例如:1)HaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?2)HowlongdidyoustayinBeijinglastyear?I.选择题1.Hesaidthebus______soon.A.werestartedB.startedC.wasstartingD.willstart2.WewerewatchingtheTVplay_____.A.yesterdayB.atthreeyesterdayC.soonD.sincetwodaysago.3.Itwasfourintheafternoon.Jack______withhisclassmates.A.talkedB.wouldtalkC.aretalkingD.wastalking4.YesterdayI_____anhourlateandI_____toworkuntil10:00.A.was…gotB.hadbeen…wouldget
C.was…wouldn’tgetD.was…didn’tget5.Myschoolboy_____onthechairatthattime.A.waslyingB.ayC.lainD.lies6.Theoldman_______hiskeys.A.wasalwaysmislayingB.alwaysmislaidC.hasalwaysmislaidD.willalwaysmislay7.Thestorybook_______firstpublishedin1980.A.wereB.wasC.hadbeenD.hasbeen8.WhenIsawMary,she_____thepianoA.isplayingB.playsC.wasplayingD.played9.Itrainedyesterdayafterit_____dryformanymonth.A.wasB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.is10.Myuncle_____toseeme,hewillbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome11.Lookattheclouds._____.A.Itwillrain.B.It’sgoingtorain.C.ItwillberainingD.Itistorain.12.Shewantedtoknowwhatyou_____lastFriday.A.doB.didC.havedoneD.wasdoing13.Iwassurethatshe_____agoodteacher.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.were
14.Thelasttime_____tothecinemawaslastweek.A.IhavegoneB.IhavebeenC.IwasD.Iwent15.Youcannotleaveuntilyou_____yourwork.A.didB.aredoingC.havedoneD.haddoneII用适当的动词形式填空。1.Shekepttheradiowhenshe______(do)homework.2.–Shewasreadingnewspapers.--What__you___(do)?3.LaoWangtoldthepolicemanthathe_____(listen)totheradioatthattime.4.I______(use)tobeateacherbutnow______(be)amanager.5.WhileI______(run)along.Adogsuddenly______(run)acrosstheroad.6.Lastnightmyfather_____(read)abookwhilemymother______(sew).7.What_____you_____(do)thewholeSunday?I______(go)overmylessons.8.WhenI_____(get)home,thetelephonebell_____(ring)9.ItwasSundayandwe_________(sit)atthetablewhenfathersuddenly_________(smile)And___________(say)tous,“Oh,dearme,Iforgot______(tell)youthegoodnews.ThereisaletterfromGranny.She___________(come)toseeusthisafternoon.I
________(meet)Heratthestation,“withthesewordshewentout.Howhappywe_________(be)!We___________(notsee)Grannyforhalfayearand____________(miss)herverymuch.AfterlunchmymotherandI_______(go)shopping.We___________(buy)alotoffoodthatGrannyliked.Mysister____(clean)thehouse.It___________(be)fouro’clockwhenwe_______(finish)andwe______(sit)aroundthetable,_______(wait)forGranny.Atlastthedoor_____(open)andincamemyfather,alone."Where_________(be)Granny?"“We______(ask).Father_____(laugh)and_______(say),“AprilFools!”“Today_____(be)April1st.AprilFool’sDay.”