奥赛高中英语语法基础3new 5页

英语奥赛辅导第三课时高中英语语法基础3复习框架：冠不定冠词：a,an基数词：one,two,three,four...词定冠词:the数词序数词:first,second,third...冠词1、冠词分类及读法：英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法：单独念时读[Ti:],在句子中常发[Ti](元音之前)或者[T[](辅音之前)；不定冠词a/an的读法：单独念时读[ei]/[An]；在句子中常发[[]/[[n]。2、不定冠词a/an的用法：不定冠词a/an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面;an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1)表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：Thereisadoglyingontheground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2)表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：Aelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2)表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：HeisateacherofEnglish.(他是英语教师。)(4)表示“一”这个数量。如：Thereisatableandfourchairsinthatdining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)(5)几个用不定冠词的习语：abit(一点),alittle(一点),afew(几个),alot(许多),akindof(一种),apairof(一副、一双),anumberof(大量的),apieceof(一张、一片),halfanhour(半小时),haveagoodtime(玩得开心),haveacold(感冒),makeanoise(发出嘈杂声),have/takea(rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：(1)表示特指的人或事物。如：ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Lookattheblackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.(树下有个人,那个人叫罗伯特。)(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如：TherewillbestrongwindtothesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.(长江以南地区将会刮大风。)(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Whoisthefirstonetogo?(谁第一个去？)/Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (1)常用在乐器名称的前面。如：Hebegantoplaytheviolinattheageof5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)(2)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayaMountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)(3)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：HeisfromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(他来自美利坚合众国)(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same之前一般用the。如：LucyandLilylookthesame.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语：atthesametime(与此同时),makethebed(铺床),intheend(最后),allthetime(一直),bytheway(顺便说一下),ontheway(在路上)等等。4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：Chinaisaverylargecountry.(中国是个大国)/Manneedsairandwater.(人类需要空气和水)(2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(1)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：HewasbornonMonday,February18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一)/Theyusuallyplanttreesonthehillsinspring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4)(第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Menareclevererthanmonkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5)三餐饭前不用。如：Wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6)节、假日前一般不用。如：OnChildren’sDaytheboysoftengetpresentsfromtheirparents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)(7)球类名词前不用。如：ThechildrenplayfootballonSaturdayafternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：TheyarenowatPeople’sCinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)(9)一些习惯用语中不用。如：⑴at/to/from/outof/after/forschool;⑵in/to/for/afterclass;⑶in/to/outof/intobed;⑷after/at/from/outof/towork;⑸at/tosea;⑹in/from/down/totown;⑺at/fromhome;⑻at/for/tobreakfast/lunch/supper;⑼atnight/noon/midnight;⑽onfoot;⑾gotoschool/bed;⑿ontopof;⒀infrontof;⒁onshow/display/duty/watch;⒂in/outofhospital;⒃atall;⒄on/intime;⒅atfirst/last/once;⒆inChinese/English,etc.;⒇takecareof数词：1、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。2、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、英语中常用的基数词有： 123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a)hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveonehundredandone1000→one(a)thousand,10000→tenthousand,100000→onehundredthousand,1000000→onemillion,10000000→tenmillion,100000000→onehundredmillion,108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred,1001→onethousandandone,1813→onethousandeighthundredandthirteen.2、[注]：(1)百位与十位之间要加and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看,每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。(3)hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one,two,…等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如：fivehundred(五百),hundredsof(成百上千的),tenthousand(一万),thousandsof(成千上万的),millionsof(成百万的)3、序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1、英语的序数词基本变法：(1)一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。2、序数词如下：1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th※first※second※thirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethoneundredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthonehundredandfirst1000th→onethousandth,1000000th→onemillionth.,第703→thesevenhundredandthird,第5480→thefivethousandfourhundredandeightieth.3、注：(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如：thirty-sixth,(2)使用序数词时一般加定冠词the.如：I’minthethirdgrade.(3)序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如：1/5→onefifth;2/3→twothirds;4/7→foursevenths;1/2→ahalf;1/4→aquarter;3/4→threequarters;50%→fiftyhundredths(fiftypercent).4、数词的用法： 1、表示年份：2002:twentythousandandtwo;1976:nineteenseventy-six.2、表示日期：12月1日:Dec.1st或thefirstofDecember；2002年11月8日:Nov.8th,2002.3、表示时刻：5：15→fivefifteen或aquarterpastfive;8：30→eightthirty或halfpasteight;10：45→tenforty-five或aquartertoeleven.4、表示编号：Room105→Roomone0five;BusNo.13→BusNumberThirteen;P.5→PageFive;Tel.No.7658659→TelephoneNumberseven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7→fivepointseven,0.16→zeropointonesix.6、“半”的表达：1/2→half,半小时→halfanhour,1.5小时→oneandahalfhours或onehourandahalf.7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：Thethirdlessonisratherdifficult.(第三课相当难)/Shallwereadthetextathirdtime?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)冠词和数词习题1.___ofthesurfaceoftheearth___water.A.Three-fourths;areB.Three-fourth;isC.Three-fourth;areD.Three-fourths;is2.Thereis____"f"intheword"thief".A.aB.anC.theD./3.Would"titbe___wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin___peacewithoneanotherA.a;/B.the;/C.a;theD.the;the4.Shall___reportercomeonandwouldyougive___interviewtohimrightnow?A.the;aB.the;anC.a;theD.the;the5．I’msorryIdisappointedyouthistime.Couldyoupleasegiveme____secondchance?Letmehave___try.A.a;/B.a;theC.the;theD.a;a6.HewilllethissonstayinEnglandtoget____goodknowledgeof_____English.A.the;theB./;/C.a;/D.a;the7.Afterhaving___wonderfulsupper,eachofustook___icedcoffee.A.a;anB./;theC./;anD./;/8.Franklindiscovered___electricity,whichwasthenregardedas___secretofnature.A.a,/B./;theC.the;aD./,a9.Towards___evening,____coldrainbegantofall.A.the;aB./;aC./;theD.the;/10.-------Oh,aweekistoolong!------Ok,I"llmanagetocomebackina___ofdays.A.fewB.someC.dozenD.couple11.MrsGreenlivesin____country,butshegoesto____townonceaweektodoshopping.A.the;/B.the;theC.a;/D.a;the12.Hehasturned____writer.A.aB.anC.theD./13.Heis____olderofthetwobrothers.A.aB.anC./D.the14._____morewedoforthepeople____happierwefeel.A.The;/B./;/C.The;theD./;the15.Thewheelisthoughtto_____befirstinventionoftransportation.A.aB.theC.anD./16.Heisalways_____tocometoschool." A.oneB.firstC.firststudentD.thefirst17.Hewrotea_____reportyesterdaymorning.A.one-thousand-wordsB.onethousandwordsC.one-thousandwordsD.one-thousand-word18.____camethatourteambeattheirs.A.WordsB.WordC.ThewordD.Aword19.Everyfew____alongtheGreatWalltherearesomewatchtowers.A.hundredsmetresB.hundredsofmetresC.hundredmetresD.hundredofmetres20.MymotherandIwantedtoseeanewplay,butwewouldn"tbeabletogettheticketsfor____twoofus.A./B.theC.amongD.between21.Shepulledtheboyby_____armandgavehimahint(暗示)thatshedidn"twanthimtotell_____truth.A.the;theB.his;theC.the;/D.his;a