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小学英语语法大全第一讲名词一、分类1.名词分为普通名词和专有名词2.普通名词前可以用a/an,the或不加冠词3.专有名词前一般不加冠词,并且首字母要大写如:人名Tom,Smith,John地名Anhui,Washington,Hefei国家China,Japan,America团体、机构等,多为独一无二的事物。二、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词——有复数不可数名词——没有复数drink:milk tea water orange juice coke coffee food:rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词可与a(an)连用,不可数名词不能与a(an)连用两者都可以与定冠词the连用many+可数名词复数much/alittle+不可数名词some,any,alotof(lotsof),plentyof,mostof两者都可以修饰。3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰例如:twoboys,threedogs,4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)much,alittle,some,any,alotof(lotsof),plentyof,mostofThereismuchwaterinthebottle.瓶中有很多水。I"lltellyoualotofgoodnews.我要告诉你许多好消息。Weshouldcollectsomeusefulinformation.我们应该收集一些有用的消息。
2)用a...of表示。如 acupof(一杯......)abottleof(一瓶......)apieceof(一张......)apairofshoes(一双鞋)twocupsoftea(两杯茶)fivepiecesofpaper(五张纸)twoglassesoftea(两杯茶)threebottlesofwater(三瓶水)▲这种形式用于可数名词时,量词和可数名词都要用复数。如:tenbasketsofeggs3)使用千、百等数词时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如twohundredstudents(200名学生) tenthousandtrees(10000棵树)5、对可数名词的数量提问用howmany如:Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?对不可数名词的数量提问用howmuch如:Howmuchwateristhereinbottle?
三、可数名词的单数和复数1)adesk(一张桌子) anolddesk(一张旧书桌)threedesks(三张桌子)2)一般情况下加-s如book--books(书) desk--desks(书桌)3)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es如box--boxes(盒子) bus--buses(公共汽车)注意:①以th结尾加-s,month—months②stomach--stomachs4)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加-es。如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)注意:以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)5)以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v再加-es如knife-knives(刀剑), half-halves(一半)(thief,wife,life,shelf,knife,leaf,self,half,wolf)注意:①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)6)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero两种都可:zeros或zeroes(零)
不规则变化1)man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿) ,foot--feet(脚)goose--geese(鹅)policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)child--children(小孩) ,ox--oxen(公牛)mouse--mice(老鼠) ,louse-lice(虱子)2)单、复数形式相同。fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊)deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中国人)Swiss--Swiss(瑞士人),Japanese--Japanese(日本人)yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)注意:①不说anEnglish,要说anEnglishman.不说aFrench,要说aFrenchman.②fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。Helikeeatingfish.不能说:Helikeeatingfishes.③fish的复数为fish或fishes④fish表示鱼的数量时,单复数同形;表示鱼的种类时,复数为fishesMycathadtwofishforlunch.Youcanseealotofdifferentfishesinthelake.Hecaughtalotoffish=hecaughtalotoffishes.他抓到了许多鱼。3)形似单数,实为复数意义。如people(人,人们)thesepeople(不说apeople,可说aperson)police(公安,警察)tenpolice(不说apolice,可说apoliceman)注意:①集体名词被看作一个整体时,表达单数概念。Hisfamilywaswellknowninthetown.他家在镇里是名门望族。②集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时,表达复数概念。Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.她的家人正在等他。
4)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如amandriver-mendrivers(男司机)awomandoctor-womendoctors(女医生)5)其他合成名词变为复数时,只将主体名词变为复数。busdriver:busdrivers(巴士司机)letter-box:letter-boxes(信箱)boystudent:boystudents(男学生)girlfriend:girlfriends(女朋友)注意:hair和fruit通常用单数,必要时也可用复数形式。Welikethisfruit. 我们喜欢这种水果。Welikethesefruits. 我们喜欢这些水果。Shehasafewwhitehairs. 她有一些白头发。Shehasawhitehair. 她有一根白头发。6)有些名词只有复数。如scissors(剪刀)apairofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)7)既可数,又不可数的名词:不可数可数glass玻璃aglass一只玻璃杯wood木头awood一片森林beauty美abeauty一个美人paper纸apaper一份报纸iron铁airon一个熨斗
四、名词的所有格如Mary"sfather(玛丽的父亲)Jim"smother(吉姆的母亲)1.名词所有格的构成法1)词尾加"s如Tom"sknife(汤姆的小刀)children"sbooks(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有的一样东西,在最后一个人名字后加"s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加"s。如JimandMike"sroom吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间Jim"sandMike"srooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)复数词尾-s,只加"即可。如thestudents"reading-room学生阅览室eighthours"sleep八小时的睡眠。4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加"s,或只加"。如MrJones"s(MrJones")book(琼斯先生的书)Keats"works(济慈的作品)注意:①名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词。如thisisawoman"swork.这是女人干的工作。thisisagirls"school.这是一所女子学校。②表示时间的名词。如today"snewspaper今天的报纸anhour"swalk一小时步行的路程③有些无生命的名词,如国家,城市,季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可用"s,表示所有关系。如china"spopulation中国人口thecity"slife城市生活2.短语所有格of形式用于无生命的名词。如thewindowofthehouse这间房子的窗户
3.双重所有格of+名词所有格1)前面一定要有a,an,these,some,any,few,two,several(几个)之类修饰语,不能是one和the。如可说:abookofmybrother"s我兄弟的一本书thesebooksofmyfriend"s我朋友的这些书不说:booksofmybrother"s或bookofmybrother"s.2)注意以下结构有时可以交替使用,意义无区别。如afriendofmybrother→afriendofmybrother"s→mybrother"sfriend测试点:acarofBetty"s(或acarofBetty"scars)不可换为acarofBetty.。Jim"sandTom"sfathersareinthesameoffice.吉姆父亲和汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。总结:1)以o结尾的名词变复数时只有:potato-potatoes(土豆),tomato-tomatoes(西红杮),hero-heroes(英雄),negro--negroes(黑人),volcano--volcanoes(火山)其余均加s:zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos,zero-zeros(或zeroes),bamboo--bamboos(竹竿),tobacco--tobaccos(烟草)2)f、fe结尾的名词变为复数时(1)一般情况:改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”wife--wives(妻子),knife--knives(刀子)wolf--wolves(狼),thief--thieves(小偷)shelf--shelves(架子),life--lives(生命)leaf--leaves(树叶),self--selves(自己)half--halves(一半)(2)特殊情况:直接加“s”gulf--gulfs海湾,roof--roofs屋顶,chief--chiefs首领,serf--serfs农奴,belief--beliefs信仰,proof--proofs证明,handkerchief--handkerchiefs手帕。
第二讲冠词一、分类共2类:不定冠词(a和an),定冠词(the)。二、用法1、不定冠词的用法a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。anegg,anumbrella,anhour,aninterestingstoryIamreadinganinterestingstory.我在读一则有趣的故事。Ahorseisusefultomankind.马对人类有用。Weoftengotoschooltwotimesaday.我们常常一天两次去学校。Iwenttothelibraryonceaweekatleast.我至少每周一次去图书馆。Aboycametoseeyouamomentago.刚才有一个小孩来找你。AMr.Smithiscallingonthephone.一位史密斯先生电话找你。Lessonnineisamostdifficultlesson,butitisn"tthemostdifficultone.第9篇课文是一篇非常难的课文,但不是最难的一课。2、定冠词的用法(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:Takethemedicine. 把药吃了。(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前: Heboughtahouse. I"vebeentothehouse. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前: thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物: Thefoxiscunning.狐狸是狡猾的。(5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich富人,theliving生者(6)用在序数词、形容词最高级等前面: Wheredoyoulive? Iliveonthesecondfloor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。That"stheverythingthatIneed. 那正是我需要的东西。Heisthebestfriendofmine.他是我最好的朋友。Itisthefirstdayofthenewterm.这是新学期的第一天。(7)在表示"...年代"的结构之前Hebegantolearnrussianinthe1950s.他在50年代开始学俄语。Hebegantolearnrussianinhis50s.他在自己50多岁时开始学俄语。Helookedquitehealthythoughhewasinhis80s.他看起来很健康,尽管他已经80多岁。(8)在比较级的两种句型中:①表示"越......,就越......"时。thelighter,thebetter.越轻越好。②表示"两者中比较......"时,用定冠词。Therearetwobooksonthetable.Ilikethethickerone.桌上有两本书,我喜欢厚的那本。(9)身体部位名称(注意:介词常用in/on/by)Theballhitmeonthehead.球打中了我的头。(10)时间频率(注意:介词用by)。Theworkersarepaidbythehour/day/month.按月付给工人们工资。Igotothelibrarybytheweek.我每周去图书馆一次。
(11)专有名词:theGreatWall(长城),thePeople"spark(人民公园)thePeople"sRepublicofChina 中华人民共和国theUnitedStates 美国(12)用在乐器名称前:Sheplaysthepiano. 她会弹钢琴.Thelittlegirllikestoplaytheviolin.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。(13)用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。Theyaregoingtothecinematonight.他们今晚要去影院看电影。(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:thegreens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)(15)国家名称的缩写前。HeisfromtheUK.他从英国来。(16)在方位名词之前,如:inthewest onthewest(17)在某些短语中intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening), thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water,field,country),inthedark, intherain,inthedistance, inthemiddle(of), intheend,onthewhole, bytheway, gotothetheatre不用定冠词
(1)在有关游戏的名词前Doyouliketoplaychess?你喜欢下棋吗?(2)在"by+交通工具"的短语里Shallwewalkorgobybus? 我们乘车还是步行?(3)在国名,地名前通常不用定冠词,inEngland,inChina,inHefei,inAnhuiinFrench,inAustralia但要注意:intheUSA,theAmerican,theChinese,theEnglishman(4)在年份、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; Wegotoschoolfrommondaytofriday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上学。inautumn/summer/winter/spring,teacher"sday,children"sday,onsunday,infebruary(5)在称呼、官衔、职位的名词前不加冠词; TheguardstooktheAmericantogenerallee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。Doctorgreenisascientist.格林博士是位科学家。(6)在三餐、球类运动的名称前,不加冠词havebreakfast/lunch/supper,playchess,playfootball,playbasketball(6)在学科的的名称前,不加冠词maths,physics,history,(7)在某些固定词组中,是否有冠词,意义不同inhospital住院,inthehospital在医院里inbed在卧床,inthebed在床上infrontof在......(外)前面inthefrontof在......(内)前部gotohospital 去医院看病gotothehospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他事)定冠词the的用法举例:
(1)whereistheteacher?老师在哪里?(2)Icanseeacat.Thecatislucy"s.我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。(3)Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球围绕着太阳转。(4)Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。1)海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the)theRedSea,thePacificOcean,thePersianGulf,theYangtzeRivertheGreatLakes(五大湖);LakeErie(伊利湖)2)行星不用the:Mars火星,Venus金星;3)有山无峰:theHuangshanMountains(黄山);MountEverest(珠穆朗玛峰);Mount(orMt.)Tai(泰山).4)欧洲等七大洲不用the.inEurope,inAfrica,inAsia,Northamerica,Southamerica,Antarctica,Oceania5)种族用the:theIndians(印第安人);6)有文无章:文件用the;小说等的章节不用thetheConstitution(宪法);chapterone7)theUniversityofFudan;FudanUniversity第三讲 介词
一、介词的用法1、时间介词(1)atnoon在午时 atnight在夜间 atpresent目前atdawn在黎明,atdaybreak在黎明 atmidnight在午夜atsixo"clock在6点钟 at7:30(seventhirty)在7点半 athalfpasteleven在11点半 attenthirtya.m.在上午10点30分attheweekend在周末(2)on:指具体的某一天时 onsunday在星期天 onsundaymorning在星期天的上午 onmarch8 在3月8日(3)in1999 在1999年 innovember 在11月份insummer 在夏季 intheafternoon在下午inthemorning在早上 intheevening在晚上 intheday在白天inthefistweekofthissemester这学期的第一周inthethirdweek在第三周 Ithinkhewillbebackinanhour.我想他一小时后就会回来。Iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth.我听说她一个月后回来的。(4)before:在……之前Weihuagotupbefore7o’clockthismorning.今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。(5)after:在……之后Afterthat,nonoeshouldeverkillaseagull.从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。(6)by:在……前(时间)BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone.在我到达之前,她已经走了。(7)for:达……之久Florenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。(8)during:在……期间Duringthelifetimeofoneman,NorthamericaandEurope willmorefurtherapartbynearlytwometres.
在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。(9)through:一直……(从开始到结束) He,wholedtheunitedstatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonapril14,1865,atatheaterinwashington 领导美国度过了这些年的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。(10)from:从……起(时间) Thewordersweremadetoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。(11)since:自从……以来Sincethattime,myeyeshadneverbeenverygood.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。(12)within:在……的范围内Hewillarrivewithinanhour.他一小时内就人到。2、地点介词(1)atschool在学校 athome在家 at320xinfudistrict在新抚区320号atthestation在火车站(2)in:在某地shewillarriveinshanghaiatten.10点她将到达上海。(3)①on:在……上面,有接触面onthetable在桌子上面②above:在……上方 Sometimesjulianacouldhearplanesabovethetrees. 有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。③over:在……正上方,是under的反义词Overthesetombs,theybuiltpyramids.在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。④under:在……下面,在……之内Thetwinsistersputthebasketunderthetree.这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。
⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方)Threethousandmetresbelowher,shecouldseenothingexceptthethickjungle.3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。(4)near,by①near:近的,不远的inthenearfuture在不远的将来。Green’slakewasasmalllakenearhishome.格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。②by:在……旁边Julianawalkedbythesideoftheriverforsixmorelongdays.朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。(5)between,among,around①between:在两者之间ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharenotverygreat.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。②among:在三者或者更多的之中TherearesomeAmericanstudentsamongus.在我们中间有几个美国学校。③around:环绕,在……的周围,Theyarrivedatavalleywithhighmountainsallaroundit.他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷(6)infrontof,behind①infrontof:在……的前面 Thereisacarinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有一辆小汽车。②behind:在……后边Arethereanycowsbehindthehouse?房子后面有一些牛吗?(7)in,into,outof①in:在……之内Therearefourgirlsintheroom.房间里有4个女孩。②into:进入
Shetookmefromthehallintomyclassroom.她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。(8)along,across,through①along:沿着Goalongzhongshanroadandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.沿着中山路走然后在第二个十字路口向右拐。②across:横过Veryslowly,thecontinentsaremovingacrossthefaceoftheworld.各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。③through:贯通,通过Thestudentswalkedthroughthegatewithunclewang.学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。(9)to,for,from①Where’sjack?HehasgonetoLondon.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。②for:表示目的,为了……Doyouknowwhathecomesherefor?你知道他为什么来这儿吗?③from:从……起HowfarisitfromLondontoNewYork? 从伦敦到纽约有多远?(10)with①和……在一起Theseplateskeepmoving,likegreatships,carryingthecontinentswiththem.这些板块载着各个大陆,像大船一样不断地漂移。②具有,带有Apersonwithgoodmannersisalwayskindand polite.一个有礼貌的人总是友好而谦和的。③用某种工具或方法Hecouldrunwithsomespecialshoes.穿着一些特制的鞋,他能跑步。(11)in:表示用墨水或用什么语言What’sthisinEnglish?这个用英语怎么说?
(12)by:通过……方法,手段Whatdoyoumeanbytheword“island”?“island”是什么意思Iprefertravelingbytrain.我更喜欢乘火车旅行。(13)of 表示……的Itwasbeginningoftheterm.这是学期开始的时候。(14)from:来自(某地,某人)Sheisaladyfromcanada.她是一位加拿大的女士。(15)without:没有,是with的反义词Sheoftenworkedfortwenty-fourwithoutrest.她通常工作24小时而不休息。(16)like:像……一样Likemanychildrenofhisage,XiaoMingisayoungpioneer.像很多同龄的孩子一样同,小明是个少先队员。(17)as:作为Theyarecarryingusaspassengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。(18)against:反对。靠着Everyonetriedtofightagainstthelocusts.所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。(19)about:关于①Nightingalewroteabookaboutnursing.南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。②Whataboutyourfamily?你家里人怎么样?(20)beside:在...近旁;在旁边HesatdownbesideEmma.他在艾玛身旁坐下。(21)Besides:除...之外,此外①Whathashedone,besidesreadingthepaper?除了看报,他还做了什么?②Hehadotherpeopletotakecareofbesidesme.除我之外,他还要照顾别人。③Besides,Iwantyoutopromisemeonething.此外,我要你答应我一件事。
(22)except:除...之外①WegothereeverydayexceptSunday.除了星期天,我们每天都去那儿。②TheyallwenttosleepexcepttheFrenchman.除了那位法国人外,他们全都去睡觉了。③Ilikeherexceptwhensheisangry.除了她发怒的时候,我挺喜欢她。(23)exceptfor:①除了...以外Thecompositionisquitegoodexceptforthespelling.这篇文章除了拼写以外,其他都很好。②要不是由于Iwouldgotothepartywithyouexceptformybrokenleg.要不是因为我腿断了,我想与你一起去参加聚会。(14)举例:Don"treadindimlight.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。Theyarereviewingtheirlessonsinthebrightlight. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。Theyaresittingintheshadeofatree.他们坐在树阴下乘凉。Hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.他冒雨到车站去接我。thewomaninwhite 穿着白色衣服的妇女Who’sthemaninwhite?那位穿白色衣服的男人是谁?(15)举例:Theywillcomebackin10days.他们将10天以后回来。I"llcomeroundinadayortwo.我一两天就回来。We"llbebackinnotime.我们一会儿就回来。Comeandseemeintwodays"time.两天后来看我。(16)举例:I"minLiaoning,atAnshan.我住在辽宁省鞍山市.Theworkersarepavingaroadwithstone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)Theteacheriscorrectingthepaperwithanewpen.老师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)IcanexpressmyideainEnglishfreely我能用英语流利地表达我的思想。
Thisboardwascastinbronzenotingold.这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。Hehasnotbeeningoodhealthforsomeyears.他几年来身体一直不好。(17)举例:Shecameatme.她向我扑过来。(恶意)Shecametome.她向我走过来。Heshoutedattheoldman.他大声喝斥那老人。(恶意)Heshoutedtotheoldman.他大声向那老人说。Shetalkedatyoujustnow.她刚才还说你坏话呢。Shetalkedtoyoujustnow.她刚才还同你谈话呢.Shethrewaboneatthedog.她用一块骨头砸狗。Shethrewabonetothedog.她把一块骨头扔给狗吃(18)举例:固定搭配inthemiddleof(在……中间),dowellin(擅长),takepartin(参加),stayinbed(躺在床上),inthestreet(在街上)Idowellinwriting.(19)举例:固定搭配onthe5thofMay,onSunday,onMondaymorningonChildren’sDay,onNewYear’sDayonfoot(步行),onduty(值日),puton(穿上),geton(上车)turnon(打开),ontheright/left(在右边/左边),onthewall(在墙上),onZhongshanRoad(在中山路上)注意:树上长的水果用onthetree;不是树上长的外来物用inthetree。如:Icanseealotofapplesonthetree.Thereisaboyinthe
tree.(20)举例:固定搭配①atSpringFestival,atMid-AutumnFestival,atChristmas②atthebusstop③atonce(立刻,马上),begoodat(擅长……),lookat(看),④athome(在家),atschool(在学校),⑤atweekends(在周末),atthebackof(在……后部),atnight(在夜晚)(21)举例:liein和lieto的区别①ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国的东部。②ShanghailiestotheeastofJiangSuprovine.上海位于江苏省的东边。(22)举例:bemadefrom和bemadeof的区别①bemadeof由……制成Chairismadeofwood.椅子是木头做的。Thistableclothismadeofpaper.这张桌布是由纸做的。②bemadefrom由……制成Breadismadefromcorn.面包是小麦做的。Thelifeboatismadefromsomespecialmaterial.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。③bemadein产于某地ThecapsaremadeinRussia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。MymotherlikesthingswhicharemadeinChina.我妈产于中国的东西。④bemadeinto被制成为Thispieceofwoodwillbemadeintoachair.这块木头将要被制成一个椅子。⑤bemadeupof由…构成,一般是多种构成Waterwasmadeupofoxygenandhydrogen.水由氧和氢构成。第四讲 代词
1、人称代词:我你他她它我们你们他们主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem①主格一般用在句子开头做主语,通常用在动词前。e.g.Iamastudent.Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象,一般用在动词和介词后面。e.g.Askher,please.Listentomecarefully.2、物主代词:我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如:mywatch,hiscousin,ourschool②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词,故其后不能再加名词,可单独使用。e.g.—Isthatyourbike?—No.Mineisblue.常用单词辨析:
(1)some和any都表示“一些”。①some多用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑问句中。e.g.Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(肯定句)Thereisn’tanymilkinthefridge.(否定句)Doyouhaveanyhobbies?(疑问句)②在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用some。e.g.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?—Yes,please.(邀请)—Mum,canIhavesomepeaches?—Sure.(希望对方给予肯定回答)(2)both和all①both表示“两个都……”,只修饰可数名词。e.g.Wearebothpolicemen.(强调两人)Bothofusarepolicemen.错误:Bothofmilkandricearegood.②all表示“三个或三个以上都……”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。e.g.Theyareallintheroom.(至少三人)(3)many和much都表示“许多”,many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。e.g.Myunclehasmanystamps.我的叔叔有许多邮票。Thereismuchteainthecup.杯子里有许多茶叶。(4)each和every都表示“每个”e.g.I’llbuyapresentforeachofherparents.我要为她的父母每人买一件礼物。Everybookinhisstudyisinteresting.他书房里的每本书都很有趣。(5)other意思是“其他的”,其后一般接复数名词。e.g.WestudyChinese,English,Mathsandothersubjects.(6)something和everything①something某事;某物e.g.Iwantsomethingtodrink.②everything每样事物e.g.Tellmeeverythingaboutyou.(7)nobody没有人(语法上视为单数)e.g.Shelikesnobodyandnobodylikesher.(8)nextto紧靠……旁边e.g.Theteachers’officeisnexttoourclassroom.(9)before(时间上)在……之前如:beforeclass(上课前)
(10)after(时间上)在……之后固定搭配:afterclass(课后),afterschool(放学后),lookafter(照看),runafter(追赶),readafterme(跟我读)(11)bybus(乘公交车),byplane(坐飞机),(12)bytheway(顺便说一下)(13)from①befrom=comefrom(来自……)如:MrSmithsis/comesfromAustralia.②from…to…(从……到……)如:WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.(14)for为、给……①Here’saletterforyou.②What’sforbreakfast?③lookfor(寻找)④waitfor(等候)(15)with①I’llgoshoppingwithmymother.②Who’stheboywithbigeyes?③help...with...如:CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?④playwith...如:playwithme,playwithayo-yo(16)infrontof在……前面如:Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof在……前部如:Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.(17)pullup拔起jumpup跳起
第六讲 疑问代词what问什么—What’syourname?—MynameisTom.Whatcolour问颜色—Whatcolourisyourcoat?—It’sred.whatday问星期—Whatdayisittoday?—It’sMonday.whatdate问日期—Whatdateisittoday?—It’sthefirstofJune.whatshape问形状—Whatshapeisthemoon?—It’sround.what…job问工作—What’syourfather’sjob?—He’sabusdriver.whattime问时间—Whattimeisit?—It’steno’clock.when问时候—Whenisyourbirthday?—It’sonthefirstofMay.which问哪个—Whichisyourwatch,thisoneorthatone?—Thatone.where问地点—Whereismypen?—It’sonthefloor.who问谁—Whoistheboywithbigeyes?—He’sLiuTao.whose问谁的—Whosebagisthis?—It’sHelen’s.why问原因—Whyareyouabsenttoday?—I’mill.how问方式—Howdoyougotoschool?—Bybus.howmany问数量—Howmanybooksarethere?—Therearefive.howmuch问价钱—Howmuchisit?—Twentyyuan.howold问年龄—Howoldareyou?—I’mtwelve.howfar问距离—Howfarisitfromhere?—It’saboutonekilometer.howabout问情况—I’mthirsty.Howaboutyou?—Me,too.
第七讲 形容词形容词通常放在被修饰的名词前,也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。在英语中,形容词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。1、as+原级+as,表示“xx和xx一样……”e.g.Areyouastallasyourtwinsister?其否定形式:e.g.I’mnotastallasyou.2、比较级+than,表示“xx比xxx更……”e.g.He’soneyearyoungerthanme.He’syoungerthanme.形容词比较级的构成规则:①一般在词尾加ere.g.taller,longer,stronger,younger②以字母e结尾,只加re.g.late-later,nice-nicer③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加ere.g.heavy-heavier④双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ere.g.fat-fatter,thin-thinner,big-bigger⑤双音节和多音节词的比较级,在原级前加moree.g.morebeautiful,morecareful,moreimportant⑥不规则变化e.g.good-better,many/much-more,far-farther,bad-worse3、三个或三个以上的人或物,用形容词最高级。the+形容词最高级,表示“最……”。e.g.AutumnisthebestseasoninNewYork.Sheisthetallestgirlofourthree.注意:双音节和多音节词的最高级,在原级前加moste.g.mostbeautiful,mostcareful,mostimportant
第八讲数词1、基数词:表示数目多少。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意:数字“0”可以读作“zero”,也可以读作字母“o”。2、序数词:表示顺序先后。1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth基数词变序数词记忆口诀:一、二、三,需要记,八去t,九省e,ve结尾时,f来代替,ty结尾时,y变ie,再加th,若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。
第九讲连词1、and“和”,表示并列关系。如:Therearesomedesksandchairsintheclassroom.2、but“但是”,表示转折关系。如:Youcanskatewell,butIcan’t.3、or“还是”,表示选择关系。如:Wouldyoulikeaglassofmilkoracupoftea?注意:在疑问句或否定句中,当表示并列关系时,不用and,而用or。如:Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Idon’thaveanybrothersorsisters.4、than“比”,表示对比关系。如:Tomjumpsfartherthanhisbrother.5、because“因为”,表示因果关系。如:Ilikesummerbest,becauseIcangoswimming.6、so“所以”,表示结果关系。如:Helenwasill,soshedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.
第十讲动词1、be动词(am,is,are)①我用am,你用are,单数用is,复数全用are。如:Iamateacher.Youareastudent.Sheisanurse.WeareChinese.②be动词的否定形式:amnot(无缩写形式),isnot=isn’t,arenot=aren’t2、助动词(do,does,did)①用于提问和否定,does用于第三人称单数,其他用do。did用于一般过去时。助动词后动词要用原形。如:Doyoulikethisfilm?Doesshelikeplayingfootball?Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.②否定形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t3、情态动词(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall等)情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形。1)can和may“能够,可以”,may比can更正式,更客气些。如:CanIuseyourpen?MayIcomein?否定形式:can’tmaynot2)must和should①must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量。②should意为“应当,应该”,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气。如:Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougotobed.Youshouldstayinbedandhaveagoodrest.否定形式:mustn’tshouldn’t3)will和would(不是将来时态)用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,would比will更委婉,更客气。如:Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?否定形式:wouldn’t
注意区别:I’dlike…我想要…(接名词)如:I’dlikesometea.I’dliketo…我想要做…(接动词原形)如:I’dliketogowithyou.Ilike…我喜欢…(接名词或动名词)如:Ilikemonkeys.Ilikereading.4)shall用于问句中,用于第一人称。如:Shallwegotherebybus?否定形式:,shallnot5)oughtto应该如:Yououghttofinishyourhomeworkinanhour.6)haveto不得不如:IhavetogotohospitalbecauseIamilltoday.7)beableto能够如:Weareabletofinishourhomeworkinanhour.
第十一讲一般现在时1、定义:表示一般现在时态。句中通常有usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always,atweekends,onSundays等。2、构成:1)当谓语是be动词如:Iamastudent.HeisJim’sfather.TheyarefromJapan.2)当谓语是行为动词①主语(非第三人称单数)如:IoftenwatchTVattheweekends.MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.②主语(第三人称单数)如:JimusuallyvisitshisgrandparentsonSundays.Shesometimesgoestotheparkwithhermother.3、动词单数形式的变化规则:①一般情况下,直接加s如:read-reads,swim-swims②以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾,加es如:wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es如:study-studies,fly-flies④不规则变化如:have-has一般现在时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答TheywatchTVeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVeveryday.—DotheywatchTVeveryday?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.ShewatchesTVeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday.—DoesshewatchTVeveryday?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.
第十二讲现在进行时1、定义:正在进行的行为。句中常有now等词。如:Iamwashingclothesnow.Look!Tomisclimbingthetree.Listen!Janeissinginginthemusicroom.2、构成:be动词(am/is/are)+动词现在分词(V-ing)3、动词现在分词构成:①一般是在动词原形后加ing如:read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking②以e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing如:write-writing,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking③特例双写结尾字母,再加ing如:sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词,它有名词性质(可作主语和宾语)。如:Heisgoodatskating.Heisgoodatwriting.Writingisaveryimportantskill.现在进行时的句型转换:肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.—Isherunningnow?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.—Aretheymakingapuppet?—Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
第十三讲一般过去时1、定义:表示一般过去时态。常和时间状语连用。如:Mybrotheroftenwenttoschoolbybikelastterm.Jimwenttothesupermarketyesterday.2、构成:主语+动词的过去式3、动词过去式的变化规则:①一般在末尾加ed如:play-played,listen-listened,look-looked②结尾是e的动词,加d如:live-lived,like-liked,taste-tasted③辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed如:study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried但:play-played④特例:双写末尾字母,再加ed如:stop-stopped,plan-planned⑤不规则变化am/is-wasare-werehave/has-haddo-didgo-wentsit-sattell-toldsee-sawget-gotmake-madegive-gave肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答HewatchedTVyesterday.Hedidn’twatchTVyesterday.—DidhewatchTVyesterday?—Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.Theyplayedgamesjustnow.Theydidn’tplaygamesjustnow.—Didtheyplaygamesjustnow?—Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.read-readbuy-boughtcome-camedraw-dreweat-atefly-flewmeet-metput-putrun-ransay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took
第十四讲一般将来时1、定义:表示将要发生的事情。2、构成:①begongto+动词原形如:Iamgoingtogotoschooltomorrow.DadandIaregoingtoseeaoperathisafternoon.Wearegoingtomeetatbusstopathalfpastten.②will+动词原形如:Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.Wewillmeetatbusstopathalfpastten.③be+todo如:Wearetodohomeworkafterclassthisafternoon.Theirdaughteristogetmarriedsoon.Afterdinner,theyweretogotoamovie.3、begoingto和will区别:①begoingto较为正式;will相对随意。②表示天气等自然现象。如:Look!It’sgoingtorain.一般将来时句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答Sheisgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.Sheisn’tgoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.—Isshegoingtohaveapicnictomorrow?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.Theywillgoswimmingthisafternoon.Theywon’tgoswimmingthisafternoon.—Willtheygoswimmingthisafternoon?—Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.
第十五讲句法1、陈述句:主语+谓语1)肯定陈述句Wealllikepandasverymuch.2)否定陈述句Hedoesn’tdohouseworkatweekends.3)肯定陈述句改否定陈述句①有be动词或情态动词Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>Marywasnotatschoolyesterday.Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Icannotmakeamodelplane.②不含be动词或情态动词,使用don’t,doesn’t,didn’tHelikesdrawingpictures.—>Hedoesn’tlikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Ididn’tgototheparkyesterday.4)陈述句改一般疑问句①有be动词或情态动词Marywasatschoolyesterday.—>WasMaryatschoolyesterday?Icanmakeamodelplane.—>Canyoumakeamodelplane?②不含be动词或情态动词Helikesdrawingpictures.—>Doeshelikedrawingpictures.Iwenttotheparkyesterday.—>Didyougototheparkyesterday?2、疑问句1)一般疑问句IsMrGreenfromtheUK?—Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Doyouhaveanyhobbies?—Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Canyouplaytheguitar?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.2)特殊疑问句Howdoyougotoworkeveryday?—Igotoworkbycar.3)选择疑问句Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?—Somecoffee,please.4)反意疑问句It’safineday,isn’tit?—Yes,itis.
3、祈使句1)肯定祈使句:Openthedoor,please.2)否定祈使句:Don’tbelateagain.4、感叹句1)whatWhatabiggarden(itis)!Whataninterestingstorybook(itis)!Whatlovelyweather(itis)!Whatprettygirls(theyare)!2)howHownice!Howbeautifultheflowersare!HowtallYaoMingis!5、therebe句型表示在某地有某人或某物。1)主语是单数或复数的变化Thereissomemilkinthefridge.Therearesomepeachesinthebasket.2)be根据最靠近的那个名词而定Thereisarulerandfiveknivesinthepencilcase.Therearefiveknivesandarulerinthepencilcase.3)therebe句型和have/has区别:therebe句型表示某地有某人或某物;have/has表示某人有某物。TherearesomeEnglishbooksonthedesk.IhavesomeEnglishbooks.
第十六讲英语短语1、listentotheradio2、lookatthis3、apieceofcake小菜一碟(容易)4、agreewithsb赞成某人例:IagreewithyouaboutEnglishstudy.5、allkindsof各种各样的akindof例:Ilikeallkindsofbirds.6、allovertheworld=thewholeworld全世界例:Therearemanybirdsallovertheworld.7、alongwith同……一起例:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去例:Thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生们和他们的老师一起种树8、Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样例:Iwillgohomeassoonasclassisover.9、asyoucansee你是知道的10、askfor向…要…asksbforsth向某人要什么例:Iwantaskyouforsomemoney.11、attheageof在……岁时例:Iamsixteen.例:Iamattheageofsixteen.我十六岁。12、atthebeginningof……的开始例:Atthebeginningofthisterm,wewilllearnEnglish.这个学期开始时,我们将学习英语。13、attheendof……的最后例:Attheendoftheday,wewillgohome.14、atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候15、beafraidtodo(of)sth害怕……例:I"mafraedtogooutatnight.我害怕夜晚外出。例:I"mafraidofdog.我害怕狗。
16、beallowedtodo被允许做什么例:I"mallowedtowatchTV.我被允许看电视例:IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV.我应该被允许看电视17、beangrywithsb生某人的气例:Don"tbeangrywithme!别生我的气!18、beangrywithsbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气19、beawayfrom远离例:Pleasebeawayfromdrug!请远离毒品!20、bebadfor对什么有害例:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes.在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好21、beborn出生于例:Iwasbornin1970.22、bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……例:Inspring,farmersarebusyplantingcrops.23、becareful(of)(with)当心;小心例:Pleasebecarefulofyourspelling.例:Becarefulofwhattheyhavesaid.例:Becarefulwiththewetpaint.小心,油漆未干。24、bedifferentfrom……和什么不一样例:Learningalanguageisdifferentfromlearningmath.学习语言不同于数学。例:Theirschoolisdifferentfromours.他们的学校与我们的不同。例:Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.都市生活和乡村生活是非常不同的。25、befamousfor以……著名例:Switzerlandisfamousforitsmountains.瑞士以其山岳闻名。例:Heisfamousforhislearning.他以学问渊博著名。26、befriendlytosb对某人友好例:He"sfriendlytoothers.他对别人很友好。例:Hewasalwaysfriendlytohisofficers.他对手下一向和蔼可亲。27、befrom=comefrom来自例:HeisfromBejing.例:DoeshecomefromBejing?
28、befullof装满……的befilledwith充满例:Theglassisfullofwater.Theglassisfilledwithwater.29、begladtodosth例:Iwasverygladtohearthenews.我非常高兴听到这消息。30、begoodatsth在某方面善长例:YaoMingisgoodatplayingbasketball.31、dowellin善于……例:Wemustdowellintheeducation.我们必须搞好教育。例:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。例:Wemusttrytodowellineverysubject.我们必须学好每一门学科。32、begoodfor对什么有好处例:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish.大声朗读对你英语有好处。33、behelpfultosb对某人有好处例:Thenewmachineisveryhelpfultoqualitycontrol.新机器非常有助于控制质量。例:Atelephonedirectoryisveryhelpfultous电话号码薄对我们很有帮助。例:Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady.锻炼对你的身体有好处。34、beingoodhealth身体健康例:Areyouingoodhealth?你的身体好吗?例:Youarequiteingoodhealth.您身体很健康。35、beintrouble处于困难中例:Sheisintrouble.36、beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣例:I"minterestedinchineseculture.我对中国文化很感兴趣。例:I"mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.我不是真正对钓鱼有兴趣。37、belatefor=comelateto迟到例:Don"tBelateforclass.不要上课迟到。38、belike像……例:I"mlikemymother.39、bemadat生某人的气例:Areyoumadatme?你生我的气吗?例:Mr.greenwillbemadatus.格林先生会气疯的。例:Don"tbemadatme.不要对我大发脾气。
40、beonavisitto参观例:ProfessorwangwasonavisittojapanwhenItelephonedhim.我给王教授打电话的时候他正在日本访问。例:Theydecidedtogoonavisittothesciencemuseum.他们决定去参观一下科学博物馆。41、bepopularwith受欢迎例:Swimmingisverypopularwithallages.游泳所有年纪的人都非常喜欢的。例:Thishotelisverypopularwithtourists.这家旅社很受游客们青睐。例:Heispopularwiththestudents.他受学生们的欢迎。42、beshortfor……的缩写例:HKisshortforHongKong.例:TheGPSisshortforGlobalPositioningSystem.GPS是全球定位系统的缩写。43、besorryforsb对不起某人besorrytotroublesb对不起麻烦某人例:Iamsorryforyou.例:Iamsorrytotroubleyou.44、bestrictindoingsth严于做某事例:Myteacherisstrictinhiswork.我的老师对他的工作严格要求。例:Mymathteacherisverystrictinteachingandscoring.我的数学老师在教学和评分上都非常严格。45、bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格例:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves.一些学生对自己要求不严格。46、bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格例:Heisstrictwithhimselfineverything.他在每件事情上都对自己很严格。例:SheisverystrictwithherselfinherEnglishstudy.她对自己的英语学习要求很严格。例:Icanbestrictwithoneselfinvariousfields.我在各方面能够严格要求自己。47、besupposedtodo应该例:You"renotsupposedtosmokeinhere.你不应该在这儿抽烟。例:MaybeIwassupposedtojustgiveup.也许我应该干脆放弃。48、besureofsth对某事有信心besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心例:Heissureofwinning.例:IamsureoflearningEnglishwell.例:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher).我相信我的大脑(老师)。
49、besuretodosth有信心做某事例:Wearesuretopassthetest.我们有信心通过这次考试。50、beterrifiedofsth害怕某事beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事例:Iwasterrifiedoffather.我被父亲吓坏了。例:I"mterrifiedofbeingathomebymyself.我很害怕独自呆在家。例:Iamterrifiedofnorthkorea.我很担心北朝鲜现在的局势。51、bethesameas…和什么一样例:Wastingaperson"stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费他人的时间无异于谋财害命。例:Thisisthesameassayingthatmostpeoplearenotawareofwhatisimportanttothem这无异于是说大多数人并不知道什么是重要的52、beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事例:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly.我爸爸习惯早起。例:Heisusedtosleepinginclass.他习惯上课睡觉。53、beworthdoing值得例:Thenovelisworthreading.这本小说值得看看。例:Hissuggestionisworthnothing.他的建议没有任何价值。54、be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某事beafraidthat从句例:I"mafraidofwakinghim.我害怕弄醒他。例:Iamafraidofheartattack.我害怕心脏病发作。例:Heisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.他晚上害怕一个人出去。55、becauseof例:Hewaslatebecauseofhisheadache.56、start…with…=begin…with…从…开始,从…入手例:IthoughtImightstartwithadiscussionoftheuniversity,forinstance,initssocialrole.我想也许可以从讨论大学入手,比方说,它的社会作用。例:Let"sbeginthegamewiththesong.57、careabout关心例:Youshouldcareaboutthiscountry"sfuture.58、catchupwithsb赶上某人例:Hewasdeterminedtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他决心赶上同学们。
59、chatwithsb和某人闲谈例:Iwanttochatwithyou.我想和你谈一下。例:Shelikestochatwithgrandmaoverthephone.她喜欢用电话和祖母聊天。60、comeover过来例:Comeoverhereandstandbyme.过来站在我旁边。例:Youmustcomeoverandseeme.你一定要过来看看我。61、comeupwith提出例:Howdoyoucomeupwiththis?你怎么想出这主意的?例:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea?你能想出一个好办法吗?例:AndI"llcomeupwithsomething.我会想出个办法的。62、consider+doing考虑做例:Weshouldconsidergoingtoshanghai.我们应该考虑去上海。63、danceto随着……跳舞例:Shelikesdancingtothemusic.她喜欢随着音乐跳舞。64、communicatewith交流例:Deafpeoplecommunicatewithsignlanguage.聋哑人用手语沟通。例:Computerscommunicatewithprintersthroughports.计算机通过端口跟打印机通讯。65、doasurveyof做某方面的调查例:Doasurveyofconsumerbuyinghabits.做一个有关消费者购买习惯的调查。例:Wearedoingasurveyonsmoker"habit.我们在作一个吸烟者习惯的调查。例:Everytermourschooldoasurveyoftheteachersabouttheirteaching.每学期学校都对老师的教学做一项调查。66、dobetterin在…方面做得更好例:Needtodobetterinprotectingtheenvironment.需要在保护环境方面做得更好。67、Don"tmind不介意…例:Ireallydon"tmind.我真的不介意。例:Idon"tmindsmoke.我对抽烟不介意。68、escapefrom从……逃跑例:Don"tescapefromthereality,faceit.别逃避现实,面对它。例:Wehadtobreakthedoorouttoescapefromthefire.我们不得不把门打破,逃出大火。69、expecttodosth期待做某事例:Weexpecttosell70000byseptember.我们期望到9月份要卖出7万。例:Weexpecttoseeyounextweek.我们期待着下周见到你。
70、falldown摔下来例:Thehousemightfalldowninafewmonths.几个月内这所房屋也许会倒塌。例:Thehouselookedasifitwasabouttofalldown.房子看起来好像就要倒塌似的。71、falloff脱落例:Scabwillfalloffnaturallyovertime.时间一长会自然结痂脱落。72、fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么例:Americanswillfallinlovewiththisgametoo.美国人也会爱上这种运动。例:Becauseofyou,wefallinlovewithshanghai.因为你,我们爱上了上海。73、farfrom离某地远例:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome.74、fitto适合例:Ihavenodressfittowearinpublic.我没有适合在公共场合穿的衣服。例:Heisnotfittobealawyer.他不适合当律师。75、befitfor适合例:Sheisnotfitforthejob.她不适合这工作。例:Yourshoesarenotfitfortraveling.你的鞋子不适合旅行。76、forget忘记例:Iforgetclosingdoor.我忘了关过门了。例:Iforgettoclosedoor.我忘了关门。77、from…to…从…到…例:Autumnisfromseptembertonovember.秋天是从九月到十一月。例:Weworkfrommondaytofriday.我们从星期一工作到星期五。78、get/havesthdone做某事例:Ihavemyhaircut.我理了发。例:Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout.汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了。79、getalongwellwithsb与某人相处得好getonwellwithsb例:Youshouldgetalongwellwithyourparents.你应该和你的父母友好相处。例:Ihopewecangetalongwellwitheachotherinthefuture.我希望我们以后能友好相处。例:Howcanyougetonwellwithyourneighbours?你是怎样与你的邻居们相处得好的?例:Shedoesn"tseemtogetonwellwithherclassmates.她似乎与同学们相处的不好。80、getreadyfor=bereadyfor为…准备例:Wouldyouhelpmegetreadyfortheparty?你愿意帮我准备聚会吗?
例:Wehaveenoughtimetogetreadyforthemeeting.我们有足够的时间为会议做准备。例:Wemustbereadyforthetest.我们必须准备好考试。例:Wearecallingyounowinorderthatyoumaybereadyforthetravel.我们现在打电话给你,以便你作好旅行的准备。81、getintotrouble添麻烦捅娄子例:Ihopethathewillnotagaingetintotrouble.希望他不要再闯祸了例:Ifyougetintotroubleagain,you"llbeexpelled.如果你再闯祸就会被开除的。82、giveatalk做报告例:Iwillgiveatalktomystudents.我将给学生作报告。例:Doctorbrownwillgiveatalkoncancer.布朗博士将作一个关于癌症的报告。83、goswimming游泳例:Igoswimmingtwiceaweek.我每星期游泳两次。例:Thisishardlythetimetogoswimming.现在不是游泳的时候。84、goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事例:Let"sgoontothenextround.让我们进入第二轮比赛。例:Clickthenextbuttontogoontothenextscreen.请单击“下一步”按钮进入下一屏。例:Shebeggedhimtogooncomposing.她恳求他继续作曲。85、gooutof出去例:Youmaygooutofifyouwant.如果你想,你可以出去。例:Don"tleavethelightsonwhenyougooutofthelab.你离开实验室时不要让电灯开着。86、gotoschool上学gototheschool去学校(不一定是上学)87、goodwayto好方法例:Exerciseisagoodwaytoloseweight.运动是减肥的好方法。例:Thisisagoodwaytomakemoney.这是个赚钱的好方法。88、hatetodo讨厌去做某事hatedoing讨厌做过的事89、have…(时间)…off放假、请假例:Ihaveonemonthoff.我请一个月的假。90、howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法例:Howdoyoulikechinesepaintings?您觉得中国画怎么样?
例:Howdoyouliketheactor?你觉得那位男演员怎样?91、helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事例:Thankyoutohelpmedosomanythings!谢谢你帮助我做这么多的事情!例:Canyouhelpmedomyhomework?你能帮助我做作业吗?92、helpsbwithsthone"ssth帮助某人某事例:Shehastohelpmewiththewashing.她得帮我忙洗衣服。例:Canyouhelpwithmyhomework?你能帮我看看功课么?93、inone"sopinion某人认为例:Inmyopinion,drinkingtoomuchwilldoharmtoone"sbody.在我看来,喝酒太多伤身体。94、insomeways在某些方面例:Insomeways,thejobisdifficult.就某些方面而言,这个工作很困难。例:AmericanEnglishisdifferentfromBritishEnglishinsomeways.美国英语在某些方面不同于英国英语。95、inthenorthof…在…的北方例:Itoftensnowsinthenorthofthecountry.这个国家的北部经常下雪。例:Agraisacityinthenorthofindia.阿格达是印度北方的一个城市。例:Beijingisinthenorthofchina.北京在中国的北部。
字母1、Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。2、英语中没有顿号、和书名号《》,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。3、英语缩写词PRC中华人民共和国USA美国UK英国UN联合国HK香港SOS国际求救信号WHO世界卫生组织WTO世界贸易组织UFO不明飞行物NBA美国职业篮球联赛ATM自动柜员机VIP贵宾KFC肯德基ID身份证EMS邮政特快专递IT信息技术CPU中央处理器IQ智商CCTV中国中央电视台BBC英国广播公司VOA美国之音RMB人民币kg千克cm厘米a.m.上午p.m.下午No.号码
定冠词的错误辨析一、 1.Ilikereadingthebooks.(×) Ilikereadingbooks.(√) 2.Shelikesthecats.(×) Shelikescats.(√) 二、习惯用语 1.Ihavelunchatthenoon.(×) Ihavelunchatnoon.(√) 2.Wegotoschoolbythebus.(×) Wegotoschoolbybus.(√) 三、专用名词 1.IliketheChina.(×) IlikeChina.(√) 2.Wouldyoulikeacupofthewater?(×) Wouldyoulikeacupofwater?(√) 四、节日、日期、月份、季节 1.TodayistheTeachers’Day.(×) TodayisTeachers’Day.(√) 2.HewasbornintheMayin1987.(×) HewasborninMayin1987.(√)五、称呼语或头衔 1.Goodmorning,thesir!(×) Goodmorning,sir!(√)
2.Ineedsomehelp,theMummy.(×) Ineedsomehelp,Mummy.(√) 六、科目名词 1.WewilllearntheChinese,thehistoryandtheMathsthisafternoon.(×) WewilllearnChinese,historyandMathsthisafternoon.(√) 2.TheEnglishisthemostinterestingofallthesubjects.(×) Englishisthemostinterestingofallthesubjects.(√) 七、三餐和球类运动 1.Shegoestoschoolafterthebreakfasteverymorning.(×) Shegoestoschoolafterbreakfasteverymorning.(√) 2.Weoftenplaythefootballafterschool.(×) Weoftenplayfootballafterschool.(√)