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【美联英语】英语语法 高中英语语法手册

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关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0美联英语提供:高中英语语法手册32Whose和名词所有格后面不能用one或ones。own后不能用one或ones。Whoseisit?(不能说whoseone)Herbikeisbetterthanherbrother’s.(不能说brother’sone)(6)one和that作替代词时的区别①one可以代替人或物,that只能代替物。Ihaven"tabook;canyoulendmeone?我没有书,你能借我一本吗?Ihaveabrother,oneinthearmy.我有一个哥哥,他在部队。Lookattheclock,thatthewall.看那座钟,墙上那座。②one只能代替可数名词;that可替代可数名词与不可数名词。ThenovelisasinterestingastheoneIreadlastyear.这本小说和我去年读的那本一样有趣。TheweatherhereisratherhotterthanthatinBeijing.这里的天气比北京的热。③one可以有前置或后置定语;而that只能有后置定语。Youranswerisbetterthanthatofhers.你的答案比她的好。Thisisaredpen,andIhavethreeotherblueones.这是一枝红钢笔,我还有三只别的。Pleaselookatthemap,theoneontherightwall.请看地图,右边墙上的那幅。④one(不加定语)表示泛指;that表示特指。Themusicisassweetasthatweheardyesterday.这首曲子和我昨天听的那首一样美。 ApoemwrittenbyanAmericanpoetisusuallyhardertounderstandthanonebyaChinesepoet.美国作家写的诗通常比中国作家写得难懂。二、倒装1、概述英语最基本的词序“主语+谓语动词(+宾语)”通常十分固定,但在一些句子中,由于语法、修辞、强调或句子结构上的需要,主语、谓语和宾语不是处于正常语序,而是把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面,这种语序叫做倒装(inversion)。2、倒装的类型倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。(1)全部倒装(completeinversion)全部倒装就是整个谓语部分放在主语之前。Infrontofthehousestandsatree.房前有一棵树。Herecomesthebus.车来了。(2)部分倒装(partialinversion)部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词)放在主语之前。NevershallIforgettheday.我永远忘不了这一天。Onlyinthiswaycanwefinishthework.只有这样,我们才能完成工作。3、语法倒装(1)在疑问句中Isbreakfastreadyyet?早饭准备好了吗?Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你做完作业了吗?Whatareyoudoing?你在干什么? (2)在“there+be”结构中Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有些课本。Therewillbeafootballmatchthisafternoon.下午将有一场足球赛。(3)以表示“运动方向”的副词开头的倒装句为了使叙述或描绘更加生动,常将表示运动方向的副词(如here,there,out,in,up,off,down,away,back等)放在句首,谓语动词为go,come,run,rush等表示位置转移的动词,主语为名词。用一般现在时或一般过去时。Bequick!Herecomesthebus.快点汽车来了。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出去。Awaywenttheboy.男孩走了。Nowcomesyourturn.现在该你了。注意:如主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语的语序不变。Hereitis.它在这儿。Awayhewent.他走了。(4)省略了if的虚拟条件从句虚拟结构中的条件从句省if去时,这时were、had及should须移到主语前面,从而形成倒装。WereIinyourposition,Iwouldgo.要是我处在你的地位,我就去。Haditnotbeenforthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmsooften.如果不是票免费,我不会那么经常去看电影。Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpu Bridge.如果明天下雨的话,我得推迟去看扬浦大桥。(5)“so+be(have、助动词或情态动词)+主语”句型把副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)。Shecanswim.SocanI.她会游泳,我也会。-Ilikeswimminginwinter.我喜欢冬泳。-SodoI.我也是。Inanearthquake,theearthshakes.Andsodoyou.地震时,地球震动,你也会震动。Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社会变了,人也跟着变了。比较:“so+主语+助动词”结构的用法如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思,表示同意对方的看法,意为“是的,确实”时,句子不用倒装语序。-Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.你太粗心了,把衣服整夜放在外边。-MyGod!SoIdid.天哪!还真是这样。-Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.约翰在音乐会上会的了一等奖。-Sohedid.确实如此。-Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.大卫最近进步很大。-Sohehas,andsohaveyou.他确实进步很大,你也是。(6)“neither(nor)+be(have、助动词或情态动词)+主语”句型把neither、nor、nomore放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人(或物),需用倒装语序 -Doyouenjoythattrip?你旅途玩得高兴么?-I"mafraidnot.Andneitherdidmyclassmates.恐怕我不高兴,我同学也是。Afterthatweneversawheragain,nordidwehearfromher.从那以后我再也没有看到她,也没收到他的来信。-DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrothers?你知道基姆和他哥哥吵架的事吗?-Idon"tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道,也不关心。Thefirstonewasn"tgoodandneitherwasthesecond.第一个不好,第二个也不好。Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neitherhashe.我从未出过国,他也没出过国。(7)感叹句的倒装Howhappythechildrenare!孩子们多幸福啊!(表语前置)Whatalovelybirthdaypresenttheoldladyhasreceived!这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊!(宾语前置)(8)以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句当句首为表示地点的介词短语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,或为了使上下文衔接紧密时,常使用倒装结构。Onthewallhangtwolargeportraits.墙上挂着两幅巨大的画像。Alongthedustyroadcameagroupoftourists.沿着尘土飞扬的路来了一伙游人。Outsidetheentrancestoodtwopoliceofficerswithguns.入口处外面站着两个带枪的警官。Underthebigtreewassittinganoldfarmer.大树底下坐着一个老农夫。(9)manyatime和next等时间、次数或顺序的副词位于句首时要到装Oftendidshecometomyhomeinthepast.她过去常到我家来。 Longdidwewaitbeforehearingfromher.我们等了很久才收到她的来信。ManyatimehaveIseenhertakingawalkalone.我许多次看见她独自散步。(10)well,so,gladly等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时常到装WelldoIrememberthedayIsawherfirst.我第一次见到她的那一天,我记忆犹新。GladlywouldIacceptyourproposal.我很高兴接受你的建议。(11)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,有时也用倒装“Idon"tthinkso”,saidTom.汤姆说:“我不这样认为。”“Whathashappenedhere?”,askedapoliceman.一名警察问:“这儿发生了什么事?”(12)however引导的让步状语从句however为连接副词,引导让步状语从句,其意义和作用相当于nomatterhow。however后面接形容词或副词,其基本结构为“however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”。Howevercolditis,shealwaysgoesswimming.无论天气多么冷,她总是去游泳。We"llhavetofinishthejob,howeverlongittakes.无论用多长时间,我们都得完成这个工作。4、修辞倒装(1)“only+状语”放句首倒装句副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时,引起部分倒装。Onlyafterliberationdidtheybegintobetreatedashumanbeings.只有在解放后他们才开始被当人看待。Onlybytakingataxicanyouarriveontime.只有打的你才能按时到达。 Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.只在那时我们才意识到那人是个瞎子。OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.只有这样你才能在英语方面取得进步。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1949washeabletogetbackhome.只有在1949年当战争结束时他才能回家。注意:only修饰主语时不用倒装的情况。如果only修饰的词不是作状语,而是作主语时,句子就不用倒装。Onlyhismotherwasinvited.只有他的妈妈被邀请了。0nlysomeofthechildrenpassedtheexamination.只有几个孩子通过了考试。(2)连词as/though引导的让步状语从句的倒装句这种状语从句的结构为“形容词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语”。在句首的如果是名词,不要带冠词;但如果名词前有形容词修饰,则常常带冠词。Cleverasheis,hedoesn"tstudywell.他虽然聪明,但学习并不好。Oldasheis,heisfullofenergy.他虽然年老,但精力充沛。Childashewas,hewasverybrave.尽管他是个孩子,但他非常勇敢。PoorthoughIam,Icanaffordbeer.我虽穷,但还喝得起啤酒。Tryasyoumay,youcan"tpersuadehim.尽管你很努力,你不可能说服他。(3)以否定词开头的倒装句为了强调句子中的否定状语,常将其置于句首,这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词、连词或词组有:hardly,scarcely,barely,seldom,never,not,little,notonly,notuntil,onnoaccount(决不),innoway,nowhere,atnotime,innocase,not onone’slife,nosooner,bynomeans,under/innocircumstances等。NeverhaveIseenhimbefore.以前我从未见过他。Notasinglemistakedidhemake.他一个错误也未出。Notonlyisheourteacher,butalsoheisourfriend.他不仅是我们的老师,而且是我们的朋友。BynomeansdoIagreewithyou.我一点也不同意你。Littledoeshecareaboutwhatothersthink.他一点儿也不在乎别人怎么想。Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquiet,beautifulplace.世界上没有别的地方能像这样美,这样幽静。注意:否定词只否定主语或副词时就不用倒装Notasoulwasanywherevisible.到处见不到一个人。Hardlyanybodybelievesthat.几乎没有人相信那件事。(4)so/such…that引导的结果状语从句的倒装句so/such位于句首修饰形容词或副词或名词表示强调时,主句要用倒装语序,后面通常接that引导的结果状语从句。Soshallowisthelakethatnofishcanliveinit.那个湖水太浅了,里边没有鱼。Suchwastheforceofexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.爆炸的力量太大了,把所有的窗户都震破了。Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.他说话的声音那么大,楼上都听得见。(5)表语和状语放在句首,引起主语和谓语倒装句 为了保持句子平衡,或使上下文紧密衔接时,常将表语和状语放在句首,引起主语和谓语倒装。Onthegroundlayanoldsickgoat,whichhadgoneintothecavetodie.地上躺着一只有病的老山羊,它是到洞里来等死的。Gonearethedayswhenweusedforeignoil.我们用“洋油”的时代一去不复返了。(6)in,out等副词放句首倒装句为了生动地描写动作,in,out,away,up,down,off等副词可以放在句首倒装。Awayflewthebird!鸟扑地一声飞跑了!Downwentthesmallboat!小船沉没了!(7)在某些习惯用语中的倒装Howgoesitwithyou?你好吗?Howcameitthatsheknewthesecret?他怎么会知道那个秘密的?Whatmatteredit?这有什么关系呢?WhatcareI?管我什么事?Whatsignifiesit?这是什么意思?Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!(8)notit结构在否定回答中,not有时放在主语前面。“Willitrain?””Notit.”“会下雨吗?”“不会。”“Areyouready?”“NotI.”“你准备好了吗?”“我没有。”“Ithinkyoucancometomorrow.”“我想你明天能来。““Notwe.”“我们来不了” 巧学倒装句:一、辨清结构A.位置副词there句,全为句子保平衡,neither,nor,so也如此,上述全部倒着行。B.部分倒装要记清。位置副词主人称,only否定词放句首,让步、虚拟有感情。二、记牢引词9N2S和only,还有little,hardly。9N:no,not,never,neither,nor,notuntil,notonlybutalso,nosoonerthan,nomatter。2S:so,seldom。三、注意位置only,NU主倒装,NB前句也一样,NM前后不用管,NN前后全倒装。only+状语从句和Notuntil+状语从句位于句首时,只有主句倒装,从句不倒装。Notonlybutalso引导的并列句。当Notonly位于句首时,前一个分句倒装。Nomatter+状语从句,主句和从句的主语谓语均不倒装。三、点击考点1.Look,________.A.herethebuscomesB.hereisthebuscomingC.herecomesthebusD.herethebusiscoming2.----WhereisKate?----Look,_______.Sheisattheschoolgate.A.theresheisB.thereissheC.hereyouareD.hereitis 3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisright?A.IntheteachercameB.IndidcometheteacherC.IndidtheteacherD.Incametheteacher4.Out______,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush5._________,heishonest.A.AsheispoorB.PoorisheC.PoorasheisD.Poorasishe6.__________,heknowsalotofthings.A.AchildasheisB.ChildasheisC.AchildasisheD.Childasishe7.________,youcan’tlifttheheavyboxup.A.Evenyou’restrongB.StrongasyouareC.HowstrongyouareD.Asyou’restrong8.Socarelessly________thathealmostkilledhimself.A.hewasdrivingB.hedroveC.hashedrivenD.didhedrive9.Earlyintheday______theenemyweregone.A.thenewscamethatB.camethenewsthatC.didthenewscomethatD.camethenewswhich10.Onlywhenyourealizetheimportanceofforeignlangauges______themwell.A.youcanlearnB.canyoulearnC.thatyoucanlearnD.andyoucanlearn11.Onlyafterliberation_______tobetreatedashumanbeings.A.didtheybeginB.theybegan C.thattheybeganD.hadtheybegun12.Notonly_______tostayathome,buthewasalsoforbiddentoseehisfriends.A.thathewasforcedB.hewasforcedC.hadhebeenforcedD.washeforced13.Notuntilhisfatherwasoutofprison______toschool.A.thatJohncouldgoB.Johncouldn’tgoC.couldJohngoD.Johncouldgo14.Neverbefore_______suchastupidman.A.IhaveseenB.IsawC.haveIseenD.didIsee15.Rarely_________suchasillything.A.haveIheardofB.IhaveheardofC.IhadheardofD.hadIheardof16.Little________abouthisownhealththoughhewasveryill.A.hecaredB.didhecareC.hashecaredD.hewouldcare17.Seldom_______himrecently.A.ImetB.IhavemetC.haveImetD.Ihadmet18.Hardly_________downwhensteppedin.A.IsatB.IhadsatC.didIsitD.hadIsat19.Nosooner_______asleep_______sheheardaknockatthedoor.A.hadshefallen;whenB.hadshefallen;thanC.didshefall;thanD.didshefall;when20.HedidnotseeSmith.________. A.NeitherdidIB.Nordidn’tIC.NeitherIdidD.Sodidn’tI21.----Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.----________,butwhocaredwhatIsaid.A.SooughtIB.SoIoughtC.SoIhaveD.SoIdid22.----Itwashotyesterday.----_______.A.ItwassoB.SowasitC.SoitwasD.Soitdid23.She’spassedtheexamination._________.A.SodidIB.SohaveIC.SoIhaveD.SoIdid24.----Youlikefootballverymuch.----_________.A.SodoIB.IdidsoC.SoIlikeD.SoIdo25.Ifyoudon’tgo,_________.A.Iwon’tgo,tooB.neitherwillIC.nordoID.sodon’tI26.Notonly______pollutedbut______crowded.(上海91)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere27.So______thatnofishcanliveinit.(上海92)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow28.IfinallygetthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife______sohappy.(2000春季) A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt29.---Haveacupoftea,_______?---Thankyou.A.shallweB.won’tyouC.don’tyouD.haven’tyou30.Thenewsthattheyfailedtheirdrivingtestdiscouragedhim,______?A.didtheyB.didn’ttheyC.diditD.didn’tit31.Onlybypractisingafewhourseveryday_______beabletomasterthelanguage.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou32.0nlywhenthewarwasoverin1945________togettoacollegeeducation.A.hewasableB.heisableC.washeableD.isheable33.NotuntilIbegantowork_______howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn"trealizeD.Irealized34.Little________abouthisownsafetythoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared35.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver________howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn"tthevillagersrealize36.IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife________sohappy.A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt37.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury________whatheatis.A.mandidknowB.manknow C.didn"tmanknowD.didmanknow38.Notonly______pollutedbut_____crowded.A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswere39..________gotintotheroom________thetelephonerang.A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thanD.Nothadhe;when40.________,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis答案:1.C2.A3.D4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.B10.B11.A12.D13.C14.C15.A16.B17.C18.D19.B20.A21.D22.C23.B24.D25.B26.C27.C28.D29.B30.D31.D32.C33.B34.B35.A36.D37.D38.D39.B40.D 第二十三章直接引语和间接引语一、概述引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(directspeech)。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirectspeech)。一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。Mr.Blacksaid,“I"mbusy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。(直接引语)Mr.Blacksaidthathewasbusy.布菜克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)从上例看来,直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外,还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化,如上例直接引语中的I改成了he,am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下:二、直接引语是陈述句时直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1、人称的变化直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化,把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers,it,its,they,their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”他说:“我非常喜欢它”。 →Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he,it不变)Hesaid,“Youtoldmethisstory.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。”→HesaidthatIhadtoldhimthatstory.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I,me改为him,told改为hadtold)Hesaidtome,“She’sleftherbookinyourroom”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。(She’s→shehad,her不变,your→my)1、时态的变化(1)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时(不变)一般将来时过去将来时一般将来进行时过去将来进行时一般将来完成时过去将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表:Hesaid,“IusuallywatchTVonSunday.”他说:“我常在星期天看电视”。→HesaidthatheusuallywatchedTVonSunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。Hesaid,“I"musingtheknife.”他说:“我正在用小刀。”→Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.他说他正在用小刀。Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.” 她说:“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”→ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说:“我来帮助你。”→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他来帮助我。Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”他说:“晚饭前我己做完了作业。”→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。ZhouLansaid,“I"lldoitafterclass.”周兰说:“下课后我就去做。”→ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.周兰说下课后她就去做。Hesaid,“Ishallbedoingmyhomeworkthen.”他说:“那时我将正在做作业。”→Hesaidthatheshouldbedoinghishomeworkthen.他说那时他将正在做作业。Hesaid,“Weshallhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.”他说:“我们将在那时以前完成工作。”→Hesaidthattheyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbythattime.他说他们将在那时以前完成工作。注意:直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时,变为间接引语时,时态不变。Theteachersaid,“Theearthisround.”老师说:“地球是圆的。”→Theteachersaidthattheearthisround.老师说地球是圆的。Hesaid,“IwasborninShangdongin1965.”他说:“我1965年生于山东。” →HesaidthathewasborninShangdongin1965.他说他1965年生于山东。Hesaid,“ColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.”他说:“哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。”→HesaidColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.他说哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。(2)主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一律不变Hesays,“Ifinishedthework.”他说:“我做完工作了。”Hesaysthathefinishedthework.他说他做完工作了。Hewillsay,“Ihavewateredtheflowers.”他会说:“我己经浇花了。”Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflowers.他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化见下表:直接引语间接引语指示代词this/thesethat/those时间状语nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month…)thatweek(month…)yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month…)theweek(month…)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextday nextweek(month…)thenextweek(month…)地点状语herethere动词comegobringtakeHesaid,“ImetMr.Smiththismorning.”他说“我今天早晨见到史密斯了。”HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他说他那天早晨见到史密斯了。Hesaid,“Wewenttothecinemayesterday.”他说:“我们昨天去电影院了。”→Hesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他说前一天他们去电影院了。Lilysaid,“Iwillcomebacknextmonth.”莉莉说:“我下个月回来。”→Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉说她下一个月就回去。Hesaid,“Itisnineo"clocknow.”他说:“现在九点了。”→Hesaidthatitwasnineo"clockthen.他说那时九点了。Hesaid,“Ihaven"tseenhertoday.”他说:“今天我没见到她。”→Hesaidthathehadn"tseenherthatday.他说那天他没有见到她。Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”她说:“昨天我去了那儿。”→Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她说前一天她去了那儿。Shesaid,“I"llgotheretomorrow.”她说:“明天我将去那儿。”→Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenextday.她说第二天她将去那儿。Hesaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”他说:“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”→Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(here→there;ago→before)Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherethisevening.”她说:“今晚我将来这儿。” →Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她说那晚她将去那儿。(come→go;here→there;this→that)以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定,不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述,here就不必改为there,come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述,yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语中的一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间状语连用,间接引语的一般过去时时态不变。Fathersaid,“Iamfreethisafternoon”父亲说:“我今天下午有空。”→Fathersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父亲说他今天下午有空。Hesaid,“Iamgoingtheretomorrow.”他说“我明天去那里。”Hesaidthathewasgoingtheretomorrow.他说他明天去那里。巧记:去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定。三、直接引语是疑问句时直接引语如为疑问句,改为间接引语时,须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。巧记:if(或whether)替引号,陈述语序要记牢。时态、人称和状语要变化,千万别把它忘掉。1、直接引语是一般问句变为间接引语时,须用连接词whether或if将其引出,使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语,可以加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,them,us等。Shesaid,“Isyourfatheranengineer?”她说:“你父亲是工程师吗?”→Sheaskedmewhethermyfatherwasanengineer.她问我说我父亲是否是工程师。 TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?”老师对李明说:“你做完作业了吗?”→TheteacheraskedLiMingwhetherhehadfinishedhishomework.老师问李明是否已做完作业了。2、直接引语是特殊问句如果直接引语为特殊疑问句,改为间接引语时,仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what,where,when,who,howmany作为连接词将其引出,构成间接引语中的宾语从句,但须将疑问式的动词改为陈述式。如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked。巧记:直接去引号,陈述语序莫忘掉。助动do(does)、did,要去掉。“WhatdoyoudoeverySundaymorning?”myfriendsaidtome.我的朋友问我说,每星期天上午你做什么?→MyfriendaskedmewhatIdideverySundaymorning.我的朋友问我每星期天上午我做什么。“Wherehaveyoubeen,LiMing?”theteacherasked.老师问道:“你上哪里去了,李明?”→TheteacheraskedLiMingwherehehadbeen.老师问李明曾去过哪儿。Iaskedher,“HowmanyEnglishbookswillyoureadnextterm?”我问她说:“下学期你将读多少本英语书?”→IaskedherhowmanyEnglishbooksshewouldreadthenextterm.我问她下学期将读多少本英文书。“Whendidyougetupthismorning?”askedmyfather.我父亲问道:“今天早晨你什么时候起床的?” →MyfatheraskedmewhenIhadgotupthatmorning.我父亲问我那天早晨我是什么时候起床的。注意:直接引语里是:What"swrongwith……?/What"sthematter?/What"sthetrouble?/Whathashappened?/等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。Hesaidtoher“What’sthematterwithyou?”他问她“你怎么了?”Heaskedherwhatwasthematterwithher.他问她怎么了。四、直接引语是祈使句巧记:去掉引号要加to;ask,order须记住,直引若是否定式,not加在to前部。转述祈使句时,要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时,就将please去掉。成为:told(asked,ordered,warned)someone(not)todosomething结构。Hesaid,“Sitdown,please.”他说:“请坐。”→Heaskedmetositdown.他让我坐下。Theteachersaid,“Don’ttalkinclass!”老师说:“上课不要讲话!”→Theteachertoldusnottotalkinclass!老师要我们上课不要讲话。Thecaptainsaidtohismen,“Fire!”上尉对他的士兵们说“开火!”→Thecaptainorderedhismentofire.上尉命令他的士兵们开火!Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don"tplayfootballinthemiddleofthestreet.”警察对孩子们说:“别在马路中间踢足球。”→Thepolicemanwarnedthechildrennottoplayfootballinthemiddleofthestreet.警察警告孩子们不要在马路中间踢足球。 五、点击考点I.改错:1.HesaidthatheisgoingtoLondon.2.Tomsaidtheyhadfinishedthejobyesterday.3.Sheaskedmedon’tsmokeintheroom.4.Theyaskedthathewasthere.5.Iaskedyouwherewashegoing.6.Theteachertoldusnottalkanymore.7.Thedoctorsaidtohiswife,Notwaitforme.8.HeaskedmewhoIam.9.Marysaidthatshewouldseeyoutomorrow.10.Motheraskedwhatthematterwas.II.将下列句子改为间接引语1.“Wherewillyougotomorrow?”,Motheraskedme.2.Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”3.Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”4.Hesaid,“I"llgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofminethisafternoon.”5.“Hello,howareyou?”,hesaidtome.6.Tomsaidtomeangrily,“Whydon’tyoutellmeyouhavebeenherefortwoweeks?”7.JohnsaidtoMary,“DoyourememberIborrowedadiamondnecklacefromyou?” 8.TheteachersaidtoLiMing,“Don’tmakethesamemistakeagain.”9.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?”,Iaskedher.10.Thenursesaidtothechildren,“Thesunrisesintheeast.”参考答案:I.1.is→was2.yesterday→thedaybefore3.don’t→notto4.that→if5.washe→hewas6.not后面加to7.Not→Don"t8.am→was9.tomorrow→thenextday10.wasthematterII.1.MotheraskedmewhereIwouldgothenextday.2.Theoldwomanaskedmetolockthedoorforher.3.Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhadgonetoanexhibitionthedaybefore.4.Hesaidthathewouldgotothestationtoseeoffafriendofhisthatafternoon.5.HeaskedmehowIwas.6.TomaskedmeangrilywhyIdidn"ttellhimIhadbeentherefortwoweeks.7.JohnaskedMaryifsherememberedhehadborrowedadiamondnecklacefromher.8.TheteachertoldLiMingnottomakethesamemistakeagain.9.Iaskedherwhethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.10.Thenursetoldthechildrenthatthesunrisesintheeast.关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0