冀教版小学六年级英语语法总结 15页

2008-2009学年小学六年级英语语法练习2008-2009学年小学六年级英语语法练习一、名词复数规则   1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds   2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches   3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries   4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives   5．不规则名词复数：   man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice   child-children   foot-feet,.tooth-teeth   fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese   写出下列各词的复数   I_________him_________this___________her______   watch_______child_______photo________diary______   day________foot________book_______dress________   tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____   thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______   man______woman_______paper_______juice___________   water________milk________rice__________tea__________   二、一般现在时   一般现在时基本用法介绍   　　【No.1】一般现在时的功能    　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。   　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。   　　3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。   　　一般现在时的构成   　　1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：   　　Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。   　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：   　　WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。   　　当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。   　　一般现在时的变化   　　1.be动词的变化。   　　否定句：主语+be+not+其它。   　　如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。   　　一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。   　　如：-Areyouastudent?   　　　　-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.   　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?   　　2.行为动词的变化。   　　否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：   　　Idon"tlikebread.   　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：   　　Hedoesn"toftenplay.   　　一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：   　　-Doyouoftenplayfootball?   　　-Yes,Ido./No,I don"t.   　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：   　　-Doesshegotoworkbybike?   　　-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.   　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?   动词+s的变化规则   1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks   2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes   3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies   一般现在时用法专练:   一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数   drink________go_______stay________make________   look_________have_______pass_______carry____   come________watch______plant_______fly________   study_______brush________do_________teach_______   二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。   1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.   2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.   3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.   4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.   5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?   6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?   7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?   8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.   9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.   10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.   11.Mike_______(like)cooking.   12.They_______(have)thesame hobby.   13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.   14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.   15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.   16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.   17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.   18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.   19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.   20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?三、现在进行时   1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。   2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.   3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。   4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。   5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：   疑问词不达意+be+主语+动词ing?   但疑问词当主语时其结构为：   疑问词不达意+be+动词ing?   动词加ing的变化规则   1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking   2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting   3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping   现在进行时专项练习：   一、写出下列动词的现在分词：   play________run__________swim_________make__________   go_________like________write_________ski___________   read________have_________sing________dance_________   put_________see________buy_________love____________    live_______take_________come________get_________   stop_________sit________begin________shop___________   二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：   1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.   2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.   3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.   4.What_____you______(do)now?   5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.   6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.   7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.   8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.   9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow   10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.、将来时理论及练习   一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。   二、基本结构：①begoingto+do；   ②will+do.   三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。   例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.   四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。   例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?   五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。   1.问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingto NewYorksoon.   2.问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis   afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.   3.问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing   tobed?   六、同义句：begoingto=will   Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.   练习：   填空。   1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。   I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.   I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.   2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。   What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.   What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.   3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。   _____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?   Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.   4.你们打算什么时候见面。   Whattime_______you___________________meet?   改句子。   5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）   Nancy________goingtogocamping.   6.I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）    I_______go______jointhem.   7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）   _______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?   8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）   _______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.   9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）   _______________she_________________________afterschool?   10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)   __________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.   用所给词的适当形式填空。   11.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.   12.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.   13.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________(go)toschoolbybike.   14.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________(watch)TVand____________(catch)insects?   15.It’sFridaytoday.What_____she_________(do)thisweekend?She______________(watch)TVand_____________(catch)insects.   16.What___________(d0)youdolastSunday?I____________(pick)applesonafarm.What______________(do)nextSunday?I______________(milk)cows.   17.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.   18.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.   19.David______________(give)apuppetshownextMonday.   20.I________________(plan)formystudynow   五、一般过去时   1 ．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。   2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：   ⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）   ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）   ⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。   3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子   否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.   一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。   如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?   特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？   如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?   ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？   如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?   动词过去式变化规则：   1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked   2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted   3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped   4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied   5．不规则动词过去式：      am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat   过去时练习   写出下列动词的过去式    isam_________fly_______plant________are________   drink_________play_______go________make________   does_________dance________worry________ask_____   taste_________eat__________draw________put______   throw________kick_________pass_______do________Be动词的过去时练习（1）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用be动词的适当形式填空   1.I_______atschooljustnow.   2.He________atthecamplastweek.   3.We________studentstwoyearsago.   4.They________onthefarmamomentago.   5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.   6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.   7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.   8.Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.   二、句型转换   1.Itwasexciting.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________   3.Theywereinhispocket.   否定句：________________________________________________   一般疑问句：____________________________________________   肯、否定回答：__________________________________________  Be动词的过去时练习（2）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用be动词的适当形式填空   1.I______anEnglishteachernow.   2.She_______happyyesterday.   3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.   4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.   5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.   6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.   7.There________asignonthechaironMonday..   8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.一、用行为动词的适当形式填空   1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.   2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.   3.We_______(have)apartylastHalloween.   4.Nancy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.   5.I________(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.   6.They________(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.   7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.   8.Thegirls________(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.行为动词的过去时练习（2）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用be动词的适当形式填空   1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.   2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.   3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)   4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?   5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he ______.   6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.   7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.   8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.过去时综合练习（1）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用动词的适当形式填空   1.It______(be)Ben’sbirthdaylastFriday.   2.Weall______(have)agoodtimelastnight.   3.He________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.   4.Helen________(milk)acowonFriday.   5.Shelikes______newspapers,butshe______abookyesterday.(read)   6.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)   7.Jim’smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.   8._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_____.   9.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.   10.We___________(go)toschoolonSunday过去时综合练习（2）   Name____________No.______Date__________   一、用动词的适当形式填空   1.It_____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.   MrWhite________(go)tohisofficebycar.   2.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.   3.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)   4.What____you______justnow?I_______somehousework. (do)   5.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.   6.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)   7._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)   8.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.   9.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.   10.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)六、形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习   一、形容词的比较级   1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。   2．形容词加er的规则：   ⑴一般在词尾加er；   ⑵以字母e结尾，加r；   ⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；   ⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er。   3．不规则形容词比较级：   good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful   二、副词的比较级   1．形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)   ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后   ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后   2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)   三、练习    一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级   old__________young________tall_______long________   short________strong________big________small_______   fat_________thin__________heavy______light________   nice_________good_________beautiful__________________   low__________high_________slow_______fast________   late__________early_________far_________well_______   二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：   1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.   2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.   3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.   4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.   5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.   6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.   7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.   8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.   9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.   10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..   11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?   12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?   13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.   14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).   15.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别   1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）   2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最*近be动词的那个名词决定。    3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。   4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。   5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。   6、and和or在therebe句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。   7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：   Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？   Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？   8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：   What’s+介词短语？九、用am,is,are填空      1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.   2.Thegirl______Jack"ssister.   3.Thedog_______tallandfat.   4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.   5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?   6.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.   7.How_______yourfather?   8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.   9.Whosedress______this?   10.Whosesocks______they?   11.That______myredskirt.   12.Who______I?   13.Thejeans______onthedesk.   14.Here______ascarfforyou.    15.Here______somesweatersforyou.   16.Theblackgloves______forSuYang.   17.Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.   18.Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.   19.Sometea______intheglass.   20.Gaoshan"sshirt_______overthere.   21.Mysister"sname______Nancy.   22.This______notWangFang"spencil.   23.______DavidandHelenfromEngland?   24.There______agirlintheroom.   25.There______someapplesonthetree.   26._______thereanykitesintheclassroom?   27._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?   28.There_______somebreadontheplate.   29.There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.   30.You,heandI______fromChina.   一be的用法口诀!   　　我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；   　　单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。   　　变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。   　　变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。   　　疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。十七＼巧记以-o结尾加-es的词   　　A.“两人两菜”（hero,negro,potato,tomato)