2011届高考英语语法考点回归导纲 10页

2011届高考英语语法考点回归导纲冠词、不定冠词★要点：●对于the与a,an的理解（弄清“特指”与“泛指”）●牢记常见固定搭配（词组/短语）●牢记只能用the或只能用零冠词的几种情况★重点：●表示“某一”的意思时，专有名词及月份、星期的名词前用a或an●a/an+名词+修饰性的定语从句或介词短语●在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指，完全看语境的暗示。●有些名词如music、nature、society、history前通常不用冠词，除非特指●序数词与不定冠词连用◇例题：1.______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.（08’浙江）A.An;theB.The;theC.An;不填D.The;不填2.-Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?（2006’全国Ⅰ）-Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn"t______Mr.Smithhere.A.不填B.aC.theD.one3.Iknowyoudon’tlikemusicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkofmusicinthefilmwesawyesterday?（2006’全国Ⅱ）A.不填；不填B.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;the4.Iearn10dollars_____houras_____supermarketcashieronSundays.（03年）A.a,anB.the,aC.an,aD.an,the5.In___________reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof___________heartdiseaseby76%.（06’湖南）A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填　　　　　　D.不填;a6.—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover__keyboard.—Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear__computer.(06’北京)A.the;不填B.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a7.WhatIneedis_______bookthatcontains________ABCofoilpainting.（09’全国II）A.a;不填B.the;不填C.the;anD.a;the8.What_________pitythatyoucouldn’tbetheretoreceive________prize!（09’陕西）A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the9.Inordertofind_______betterjob,hedecidedtostudy_________secondforeignlanguage.（09四川）A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the10.Wearenearlyof________age.IwasbornontheafternoonofMay1standhewasontheevening.A.anB.不填C.theD.a名词★要点：●常用的修饰名词，表示名词数量的词组辨析●名词的所有格(’s/of)及双重所有格(of+’s)●名词的单复数与谓语的关系●名词辨析 ◇例题：1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.（2001年）A.number,hasB.quantity,hasC.number,haveD.quantity,have2.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook_____picturesofthem.（03’上海）A.largeamountofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.manyof3.ThefacesoffourfamousAmericanpresidentsonMountRushmorecanbeseenfromaof60miles.(04’全国Ⅳ)A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space4.What’sthe_____ofhavingapublicopenspacewhereyoucan’teat,drinkorevensimplyhangoutforawhile?（08’福建）A.senseB.matterC.caseD.opinion5.Iboughtadressforonly10dollarsinasale;itwasareal______.（08’山东）A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business6.---Shallwegooutforawalk?（08’江西）---Sorry.Thisisnottheright____toinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.A.momentB.situationC.placeD.chance代词★要点：●人称代词（主格/宾格）、物主代词、反身代词●指示代词（it,that,this）的用法●it的用法：指代上文中的物或事；用作表示年份、时间、季节、气候的主语；用作形式主语或形式宾语●that在同类事物的比较句中的用法●不定代词：•another,other(s),theothers•both,either,neither,all,none•one,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little•each,every●复合不定代词：（与形容词的位置关系）-thing,-one,-body◇例题：1.Bothteamwereinhardtraining;_____waswillingtolosethegame.（2001年）A.eitherB.neitherC.anotherD.theother2.Shanghaiisreallyanicecityandwedecidedtostayfor_____twoweeks.（2003年）A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.other’s3.Noprogresswasmadeinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsof_____.（2005年）A.eitherB.theotherC.othersD.another4.LittleAnna’sparentswalkedslowly,oneafter_______,throughtheshallowwaterofastreamtosearchforherlostbag.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother9．Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas_______ofpublichealth.（09’海南） A．whatB．thisC．thatD．which2.Themayorhasofferedarewardof$5000to_____whocancapturethetigeraliveordead.(07’上海)A.bothB.othersC.anyoneD.another7.—Whatdoyouthinkoftheperformancetoday?—Great!butamusicalgeniuscouldperformsosuccessfully.(07’江西)A.AllB.NoneC.AnybodyD.Everybody数词★要点：●分数、时间、编码的用法●hundred,thousand,million,billion,score,dozen+s+of表示数量多●表示数量单位的词作定语的用法◇例题：Shewenttothebookstoreandbought_______.A.dozenbooksB.dozensbooksC.dozenofbooksD.dozensofbooks形容词和副词★要点：●形容词在句中的位置（前置定语/后置定语/表语）●多个形容词、副词的排序●诸如close与closely副词的辨析●常用程度副词的辨析：very,much,(by)far,quite,rather,fairly,too,so,such,enough,badly,muchtoo,almost,nearly,hardly,that,this…●连接上下文的副词如，therefore,however,●形容词作伴随状语●形容词与副词的比较级与最高级：•不规则变化；•比较级的修饰词；•劣等比较；•比较级表示最高级；•as…as的用法•morethan的用法•倍数的表达•themore…themore的用法；•cannot……too…•no+比较级+than与not+比较级+than的用法辨析◇例题：1.AsIknow,thereis_____carinthisneighborhood.（2001年）A.nosuchB.noaC.notsuchD.nosucha2.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,_____.（02’年上海）A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife3.Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais_____GreatBritain.（2005年）A.threetimesthesizeasB.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeofD.threetimesthesizeof4.Itwasanicehouse,but_______toosmallforafamilyoflive.（09’天津）A.rarelyB.fairlyC.ratherD.pretty5.Howmuch__________helookedwithoutherglasses!（09’海南）A.wellB.goodC.bestD.better6.Myuncle’shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice_______expensive.（09四川）A.asB.soC.tooD.very7.Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives______ofmyfriends.(07’上海) A.morecarefullyB.themostcarefullyC.lesscarefullyD.theleastcarefully8.Anew______busservicetoTianjinAirportstartedtooperatetwomonthsago.(07’天津)A.normalB.usualC.regularD.common9.Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,______.（08’北京）A.hungryandtiredlyB.hungryandtiredC.hungrilyandtiredlyD.hungrilyandtired10.LastnighyMr.Crookdidn’tcomebackattheusualtime.______,hemetsomefriendsandstayedoutuntilmidnight.（08’湖南）A.MeanwhileB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Yet动词★要点：●连系动词的语法功能：（+表语）●延续动词和瞬间动词的转化●情态动词的用法：can,may,must,need,dare,shall,should,oughtto●情态动词+havedone的用法（should/oughtto/could/needn’thavedone）●动词的时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时）●动词的语态：（注意：用主动表被动的情况）●动词短语辨析、动词词义辨析●动词虚拟语气◇例题：1.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_____.（2001年）A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive2.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_______________fromtheuniversitynextyear.（02’上海）A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate3.29.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______toarrive.（08’全国I）A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected4.IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe____it.（2003年）A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned5.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother_____onthephoneallthetime!(08’湖南卷)A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talked6.—Tom,youdidn’tcometothepartylastnight?—I____,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.(07’全国卷II)A.hadtoB.didn’tC.wasgoingtoD.wouldn’t7.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool_____abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.（2005年）8.They_____twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoafford togo.(07’山东)A．hadgotB．gotC．havegotD．get9.Theybecamefriendsagainthatday.Untilthen,they_____toeachotherfornearlytwoyears.(07’安徽)A.didn"tspeakB.hadn"tspokenC.haven"tspokenD.haven"tbeenspeaking10.Theteacher_______havethoughtJohnsonwasworthitorshewouldn"thavewastedtimeonhim,Isuppose.(07’安徽)A.shouldB.canC.wouldD.must11.一Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?一“Noperson________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette，cigarorpipeinthisarea.”(07’四川)A．willB．mayC．shallD.must12.Atminus130℃,alivingcellcanbe______forathousandyears.(07’上海)A.sparedB.protectedC.preservedD.developed13.Thenewsofthemayor’scomingtoourschoolforavisitwasontheradioyesterday.(07’福建)A.turnedoutB.foundoutC.givenoutD.carriedout14.----Sorry,Ihaveto______now.It’stimeforclass.----OK,I’llcallbacklater.（09天津）A.hangupB.breakupC.giveupD.holdup15.Theteacherstressedagainthatthestudentsshouldnot______anyimportantdetailswhileretellingthestory.（08’湖北卷）A.bringoutB.letoutC.leaveoutD.makeout●非谓语动词的用法：•理解非谓语的概念、基本形态（doing,done,todo）及时态、语态•非谓语动词做主语（it做形式主语；动名词的复合结构）•非谓语动词做表语•非谓语动词做宾语（it做形式宾语；部分动词+doing与+todo的辨析；动名词的复合结构；动词不定式做宾语时的省略）•非谓语动词做宾语补足语（动词不定式做部分动词的宾补时“to”的省略以及在被动句中“to”的还原）•非谓语动词做定语（-ing和-ed分词的辨析，不定式的主动与被动）•非谓语动词做状语（分词结构的逻辑主语和主句的逻辑主语一致）◇例题：1.Thebell_____theendoftheclassrang,_____ourheateddiscussion.（2001年）A.indicating,interruptingB.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interruptedD.indicated,interrupted2.Findinghercarstolen,_______.（2001年）A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp3.—Robertisindeedawiseman. —Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted______hisadvice!(07’安徽)A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking4.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.（02’上海）A.beingknownB.havingknownC.tobeknownD.known5._____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.（2002年上海）A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(07’全国卷II)A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose7.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot_______fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.A.beingtiredB.tiringC.triedD.tobetired8.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.（09湖南）A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused9.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.（2003年上海）A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improving10.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek_____TV.（2004年）A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch11.Thefluisbelieved_____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.（2004年）A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.behavecaused12.Theflowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（2004年）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt13.–Englishhaslargevocabulary,hasn’tit?–Yes,_____morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.（2004年）A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known14._____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.（2005年）A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput15.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________atthe endoflastMarch.(07’山东)A．hasbeenlaunchedB．havingbeenlaunchedC．beinglaunchedD．tobelaunched16.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_____advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.（2005年）A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.beingtaken17.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.（2005年）A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat介词★要点：●牢记固定的介词词组●准确把握重要介词的用法●辨析意义相近的介词●双重介词如：fromamong,frombehind,fromacross,inbetween,tillafter●分词介词如：considering,including,concerning,regarding◇例题：1.Thesunlightcamein_____thewindowsintheroofandlituptheroom.（2001年）A.throughB.acrossC.onD.over2.Thehomeimprovementshavetakenwhatlittlethereismysparetime.（2001年）A.fromB.inC.ofD.at3.Luckily,thebulletnarrowlymissedthecaptain_____aninch.（2002年）A.byB.atC.toD.from4.Theconferencehasbeenheldtodiscusstheeffectsoftourism_____thewildlifeinthearea.（2003年）A.inB.onC.atD.with5.Theaccidentisreportedtohaveoccurred_____thefirstSundayinFebruary.（2004年）A.atB.onC.inD.to6.It’squitemewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.（2005年安徽）A．forB．behindC．againstD．beyond7.Scientistsareconvinced_____thepositiveeffectoflaughter___physicalandmentalhealth.(07’江西)A.of;atB.by;inC.of;onD.on;at8.Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatly____sizeandshape.(07’上海)A.onB.fromC.byD.in9．Ibegantofeel______inthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.（08’山东）A．athomeB．atheartC．atwillD．atsight10．Ihaveofferedtopaintthehouse________aweek’saccommodation.（07’山东）A．inexchangeforB．withregardtoC．bymeansofD．inplaceof句法句型★要点：●感叹句（区别what与how） ●反意疑问句：（注意宾语从句的反意疑问句）●强调句：It+被强调部分+that+从句●倒装句：（牢记必须使用倒装的情况）●并列句：（转折、因果、联合、选择）•转折：but,yet,however,•对比：while•因果：for,so,•并列：and,notonly…butalso，either…or…,neither…nor…•选择：or,either…or◇例题：1.Sodifficult_____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.（2001年）A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeltD.didIfeel2.Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_____?（2001年）A.doIB.don’tIC.willtheyD.won’tthey3.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,___?（2002年）A.isheB.isn’theC.doesn’tsheD.doesshe4.–Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.–Goodheavens,_____.（2002年）A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodid5.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked_____.（2003年）A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin6.Itisthesepoisonousproducts_____cancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadachesandachingmuscles.（2003年）A.whoB.thatC.howD.what7.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_____?（2004年）A.isn’titB.isitC.isn’tbeD.ishe8._____snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.（2004年）A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring9.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess._______youwantmetosay?（2004年）A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat10.Therewasaloudscreamfromthebackstageaftertheconcertended,___?（2005年）A.wasn’tthereB.wasthereC.didn’titD.didit11.Neverbefore_________ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.（2005年）A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywas12.Wethoughttherewere35studentsinthedininghall,,infact,therewere40.(06’全国Ⅱ) A.whileB.whetherC.whatD.which13.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,____hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.(06’北京)A.andB.forC.butD.or14.Somuchofinterest___thatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.(08’上海)A.offersBeijingB.BeijingoffersC.doesBeijingofferD.Beijingdoesoffer15._______thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyouwilllearnalotaboutFirefighting.（08’湖南）A.HavingsearchedB.TosearchC.SearchingD.Search16._______,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.(07’重庆)A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsound从句★要点：●名词性从句：（•wh-从句和that从句/•主从时态一致/•从句的语序）•主语从句：（注意it作形式主语的情况）•表语从句：•宾语从句：（•注意it作形式宾语的情况/•特殊疑问句/•反意疑问句/•否定转移）•同位语从句●定语从句：（先行词+关系代词/关系副词+从句）•关系代词which和that的用法区别以及省略的情况•其他关系代词：who,whom,whose,as•关系副词：when,where,why●状语从句：（时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、方式、比较、条件、让步）•时间：when(ever),while,as,until,till,once,before,after,since,一…就…•地点：where(ever)•原因：because,as,since,nowthat,given,considering•结果：so…that,such…that•目的：sothat,inorderthat•方式：as,asif,asthough•比较：than,thesameas,as…as•条件：if,unless,aslongas•让步：although,though,while,evenif,as,whether…or,---ever,nomatter-◇例题：1.Informationhasbeenputforward_____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.（2001年）A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as2.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.（2001年）A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why3._____,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.（2001年）A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatI’vetraveledsomuch C.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsI’vetraveledsomuch4.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.(07’辽宁)A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis5.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.(07’天津)A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where6.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret___someonepattedhimontheshoulder.（2002年）A.asB.untilC.whileD.when7.Perseveranceisakindofquality－andthat’s_____ittakestodoanythingwell.（2002年）A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why8.–Howfarapartdotheylive?–_____Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighborhood.（2003年）A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas9.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdhislisteners’curiosity_____hereachestheendofthestory.（2003年）A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until10.Icanthinkofmanycases_____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.（2003年A.whyB.whichC.asD.where12.–Dad,I’vefinishedmyassignment.–Good,and_____youplayorwatchTV,youmustn’tdisturbme.（2003年）A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter13.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone___theycantalkfrequently.（2004年）A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom14.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark_____shewasbittenonthelegbyallion.（2004年）A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once16.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren’srequestsforsunglasses_____eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.（2004年）A.becauseB.throughC.unlessD.if17.Astorygoes_____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.（2004年）A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that18.Ifashophaschairs____womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.(05’年)A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where19.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety______ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.(07上海)A.asB.thatC.whichD.where20.________Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(07’山东)A．AsB．SinceC．IfD．While