2012职称外语英语语法讲义精简精华 47页

目录一、语法知识点介绍3（一）语法知识点介绍3二、谓语动词4（一）谓语动词的时态（一）4（二）谓语动词时态（二）6（三）谓语动词的时态（三）8（四）谓语动词的语态10（五）谓语动词的语序12（六）谓语动词的主谓一致13（七）用字典查谓语动词（一）13（八）用字典查谓语动词（二）15三、非谓语动词17（一）非谓语动词的有关知识17（二）非谓语动词的练习题（一）18（三）非谓语动词的练习题（二）21四、名词23（一）名词的知识讲解23（二）名词有关的练习词：25五、代词27（一）代词的知识讲解27（二）代词有关的练习题27六、形容词、副词30（一）形容词、副词知识点30（二）形容词副词练习题（一）31（三）形容词、副词练习题（二）33七、数词34（一）知识点及练习题34八、介副词35（一）介副词知识点及练习题（一）35（二）介副词的知识点及其练习题（二）36（三）平行结构知识点38（四）重要句型39（五）重要句型练习题39九、从句39（一）状语从句39（二）定语从句40（三）宾语从句41十、句子结构42（一）主语和谓语42（二）宾语和表语44（三）练习题45 一、语法知识点介绍（一）语法知识点介绍职称英语中的语法知识点和语法知识直接有关系的题型：1、完形填空；2、完成句子；3、阅读判断4、阅读理解5、补全短文一、动词1、谓语动词（1）时态一般现在时：句子中谓语动词出现动词原形，does,第三人称单数形式或am/is/are.一般过去时：谓语动词为过去式：动词+ed，动词的不规则变化，was/were一般将来时：willdo过去将来时：woulddo现在进行时：am/is/aredoing过去进行时：was/weredoing现在完成时：have/hasdone(过去分词)过去完成时：haddone(2)语态——主动语态和被动再说吧态被动语态的基本形式：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done一般将来时的被动语态：willbedone过去将来时的被动语态：wouldbedone现在完成时的被动语态：have/hasbeendone过去完成时的被动语态：hadbeendone含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+bedone(can/may/must…)（3）语序（倒装句）Only+状语+be/情态动词/助动词+主语…否定副词+be/情态动词/助动词+主语…（4）主谓一致主语和谓语动词在量方面保持一致(完形填空和完成句子)名语：不可数名词is可数名词+sare量词：few+可数名词复数谓语动词：are+名词复数Agreatdealof 2、非谓语动词（1）非谓语动词的形式：TodoDoDoingDone(2)特殊的动词使，让Lookforwardto盼望+doing/名词3、利用字典查答案二、名词和量词1、名词的标志（完形填空和完成句子）2、量词和名词或谓语动词有关Alotof/lotsof/some/any/agreatdealof/few/afew/little/alittle三、形容词或副词级的问题原级比较级最高级四、从句状语从句定语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句从句的标志五、句子的结构主、谓、宾1、主语的表达形式2、宾语的表达形式3、定语二、谓语动词（一）谓语动词的时态（一）课程介绍1、完形填空需要现在开始讲的知识点2、概括大意中的完成句子也用到这个知识点。1、动词、 谓语动词：包含着时态、语态、语序和主谓一致时态一般现在时：谓语动词am/is/are.do,does一般过去时：谓语动词did一般将来时：谓语动词willdo过去将来时：谓语动词woulddo现在进行时：谓语动词m/is/aredoing过去进行时：谓语动词was/weredoing现在完成时：谓语动词have/hasdone(过去分词)(1)have/has由主语来决定主语是第一人称单复数（I/we），第二人称复数（they），名词复数以上情况用have除了以上那些用has,例如：he,she,it,Mary,Tom(2)时态都与时间有关现在完成时的时间状语：since,many/several/four/threetimes,for+时间段，bytheendof,during/inthelast/pastfiveyears(3)since:自从Since+时间状语从句从句：一句话中存在两个或两个以上的主语和谓语动词，它俩之间存在一定关系状语从句的连接词必须连接两个完整的句子，含有连接词的句子叫作从句句子+since+从句主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时24.theoldteacherinthisschoolsince1962.A.workedB.worksC.hasworkedWorked:一般过去时Works:一般现在时Hasworked:现在完成时Since:自从考时态，看时间，没有时间看谓语动词17.IknowsomethingaboutXI’an.Itheremanytimes.A.havegoneB.wentC.havebeenHavegone:现在完成时Went:一般过去式（go---went---goneHavebeen:现在完成时Since+句子/时间（since1999）：主句必须用完成时Went:一般过去时Manytimes与现在完成时连用答案选C4.He’sworkedinthisschoolitopened.A.forB.sinceC.beforeFor:为了，因为Since:自从，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时 He’sworked=Hehasworked答案为BBefore:在…之前22.Bytheendof2000,alltheteachersinourschoolacomputeroftheirown.A.havehadB.hadhadC.willhaveHavehad:现在完成时Hadhad:过去完成时Willhave:一般将来时答案为B2000年是个已经过去的时间，过去之前用过去完成时21.Hisfatherforfouryears.A.hasbeendeadB.hasdiedC.diedHasbeendead:现在完成时Hasdied:现在完成时（die—died---died）Died:一般过去时答案选ADied:瞬间动词Come:来Ihavebeenherefortwohours.6.Duringthelastthreeorfourhundredyears,theworld’spopulationveryfast.A.grewadgrownC.hasgrownGrew:一般过去时Hadgrown:过去完成时Hasgrown:现在完成时答案选C过去完成时：过去的过去我进来的时候他已经写完了作业过去完成时：谓语动词haddone过去分词：第一种动词后面加ed，第二种是不规则变化非谓语动词：考试时的形式2、名词与量词3、形容词和副词4、数词、介词和代词5、从句（二）谓语动词时态（二） 22.MyparentstoKunming.Theyleftthismorningandwillreturninamonth.A.havebeenBwentC.havegoneHavebeen:现在完成时，曾经去过Went:一般过去时Havegone:现在完成时Left:过去式（leave—left）答案选C21.MrsWuhereforfifteenyears.A.hascomeB.hasbeenC.hasgoneHascome:现在完成时(come-came-come)Hasbeen:现在完成时，曾经去过Hasgone:现在完成时，已经去了瞬间动词不能和时间段连用答案选B吴女士在这住了15年总结1．考的是谓语动词，选项中出现不同的时态。考时态，看时间，没有时间看谓语动词。2.主将从现1)主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时。2）主将从现适用的对象：时间状语从句（when,assoonas）和条件状语从句(if)3）一般将来时除了willdo,还有含有情态动词的句子祈使句Comeinplease!Let’splay!23.IfitnextSunday,wewon’tgotothepark.A.rainsB.rainC.rainingRains:一般现在时Rain:动词原形，一般现在时Raining:前面必须加be动词If:放句首表示如果，条件状语从句主将从现（从句含连接词）28.Couldyoutellmewhenthedinnerparty,please?A.beginsB.wouldbeginC.willbeginBegins:一般现在时Wouldbegin:过去将来时Willbegin:一般将来时连接词连接的是两个完整句才叫状语从句宾语从句Tellsb.Sth.主将从现只是用于时间状语从句和条件状语从句 Couldyou:语气很委婉的请求18.Theworkbeforeheback.A.cando…isB.canbedone…comesC.willbedone…arriveCando…is:主动语态Canbedone…comes:被动语态Willbedone…arrive:一般将来时的被动语态哪个知识点熟看哪个空第三人称单数做主语时谓语动词用单三形式答案选BBefore:在。。。之前，引导时间状语从句主将从现17.Idon’tknowifhetomorrow.Ifhetomorrow,pleaseletmeknow.A.willcome…willcomeB.comes…comesC.willcome…comesIf:如果（引出条件状语从句），是否（常引出宾语从句）主将从现，祈使句暗含了一般将来时答案选C有if的从句选判断是哪个意思，当表示如果则主将从现23.Ifitraintomorrow,we’llgotothezoo.A.doesn’tB.won’tC.isn’tDoesn’t:一般现在时Won’t:一般将来时Isn’t:一般现在时If放句首条件状语从句，主将从现答案是ARainv.下雨n.雨24.DoyouknowifTomtomorrow?A.comesB.willcomeC.comeComes:一般现在时Willcome:一般将来时Come:一般现在时If:是否，接宾语从句答案为B（三）谓语动词的时态（三）一般过去时时间状语：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,thismorning,threedaysago过去式的变化形式：一般是动词后面加ed，还有不规则变化16.Thetraintenminutesago.A.arrivedB.arrivesC.isarrivingArrived:一般过去时 Arrives:一般现在时Isarriving:现在进行时Go,come,arrive,leave现在进行表将来（用现在进行时表示的是将来的动作）考时态，看时间现在进行时表达形式：am/is/aredoing时间状语：now现阶段(whatareyoudoingnow?)look,listen19.Look!Thechildrenonthegroundhappen.Let’sjointhem.A.playB.haveplayedC.areplayingKnocked:过去式Knocking:不可以充当谓语动词Bedoing(am/is/are/was/were)Isknocking:可以充当谓语动词答案选C一般将来时结构：willdo，begoingtodo,祈使句主将从现从现在这个点起往后还没发生的Tomorrow,这个月底13.thereasportsmeetinourschoolnextweek.A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.holdD.willholdWillhave:一般将来时Isgoingtobe:一般将来时Hold:一般现在时Willhold:一般将来时Therebe:有答案选B18.TheyShandongnextmonth.A.visitB.visitedc.aregoingtovisitVisit:动词原形，一般现在时Visited:一般过去时Aregoingtovisit:一般将来时答案是C。2.Theywillarriveheretwoweeks.A.afterB.forC.in选的是介词After:在….之后For:为了In:在。。。里，在。。。之后For+时间段：动作的持续In+时间段：一般将来时 After:过去时答案选C26.I’msorryshe’soutandshebackuntil9:00A.willcomeB.comeC.won’tbeWillcome:一般将来时Come:一般现在时Won’tbe:一般将来时的否定形式Not…until:直到…才答案是C过去进行时结构：was/weredoing过去的某个点/某段时间在进行的动作12.-----DidyouseeJimyesterday?------Yes,ateighto’clockheanEnglishstory-book.A.ReadB.hadreadC.wasreadingRead-read-readHadread:过去完成时Wasreading:过去进行时答案是C过去完成时结构：haddone过去的过去当你进来的时候我已经写完了作业24.Whenyougothome,they.A.hadleftB.haveleftC.havewentawayHadleft:过去完成时Haveleft:现在完成时Havewentaway:结构错误(havegoneaway)答案选A（四）谓语动词的语态语态1.主动语态2.被动语态被动语态结构：bedone(be体现的是时态)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done一般将来时的被动语态：willbedone过去将来时的被动语态：wouldbedone 现在完成时的被动语态：have/hasbeendone过去完成时的被动语态：hadbeendone被动语态的标志词是byIreadabook.Abookisreadbyme.做题方法：看选项语态优先，看动词和其前面的名词之间的关系。25.Pensbypeopleforwriting.A.useB.usingC.areusedUse:主动语态Using:是doing的形式，不能当谓语动词Areused:被动语态答案选C30.Severalthousandsoftreesinourcityeveryyear.A.haveplantedB.hasbeenplantedC.areplantedHaveplanted:现在完成时主动语态Hasbeenplanted:现在完成时被动语态，错误Areplanted:一般现在时的被动语态19.Tomtoworklonghoursyesterday.A.foundB.waslookedC.wasseenFound:过去式，原形find，findsb.Doingsth.Waslooked:一般过去时的被动语态Lookvi.看，不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语Lookat看lookafter照顾lookinto调查lookfor寻找及物动词后面可以直接加名词Seesb./sth.Wasseen:一般过去时的被动语态答案是C27.Shelivedhereforthreeyears.A.didn’tB.hasbeenC.hasn’tDidn’t一般过去时Hasbeen现在完成时被动语态Hasn’t现在完成时18.Theworkbeforeheback.A.cando….isB.canbedone…comesC.willbedone…arriveCando一般将来时主动语态Canbedone一般将来时被动语态Willbedone一般将来时被动语态23.Ourclassroomeveryday.A.shouldcleanB.cleansC.shouldbecleanedShouldclean主动语态 Cleans一般现在时Shouldbecleaned应该被打扫答案C21.Heplayingfootballbyhismotherontheplayground.A.seeB.sawC.wasseenSee动词原形，错误Saw过去式Wasseen过去时的被动语态21.BananasinHainan.A.aregrowingB.hasgrownC.aregrownAregrowing现在进行时主动语态Hasgrown现在完成时，错误Aregrown一般现在时被动语态答案C（五）谓语动词的语序1.倒装句倒装句和陈述句对应Ireadabook倒装句：主语的前边出现了be动词、情态动词或助动词。Canyouswim?Be动词am/is/are/was/were情态动词can/may/must/should助动词do/does/did/will/would/have/has/had倒装句的条件：句子以only开头，否定副词开头Only…be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语。。。Onlythere(wecanseehim)Onlytherecanweseehim.Onlybythisway.(youcandoit)Onlybythiswaycanyoudoit.否定副词：neither,nor,hardly否定副词+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语…Shecanhardlybelieveit.Hardlycanshebelieveit.9.Ican’tbelieveyou..A.andshecan’ttooB.eithercansheC.norcansheAndshecan’ttoo答案不合理Too太，也（放在句尾，前面加逗号，表示肯定）Eithercanshe:应该用neitherNorcanshe她也不Either一般放句尾表示否定2.从句的语序 但凡是从句，都是陈述句语序，不能用倒装Idon’tknowwhereyoulive.Idon’tknowwhathisnameis.Idon’tknowwhereyouwillgo.Wheredoyoulive?8.Tellmewherethatmedicine.A.canwegetB.wecangetC.shouldwegetCanweget疑问句语序Wecanget陈述句语序Shouldweget疑问句语序答案B10.NobodyknowsA.wheredoesheworkB.whereheworksC.wheredidheworkWheredoeshework疑问句Whereheworks陈述句Wheredidhework疑问句答案B10.Doyouknowwhere?A.heliveB.doesheliveC.helivesHelive陈述句Doeshelive倒装句Helives陈述句答案C（六）谓语动词的主谓一致主谓一致主语和谓语动词数量要保持一致Have/has取决于主语主语I/we/you/they名词复数，用have第三人称单数用hasIs/are取决于主语Is的主语是单数或不可数名词Are的主语是复数Everyone,someone,anyone,noone,everybody,somebody,anybody,nobodyEverything,something,anything,nothing以上这些词谓语动词用单数17.Everyoneatschooltoday.A.areB.isC.amAreIsAm:主语是i答案选B 过去时用was,工作works,go-goes（七）用字典查谓语动词（一）如何利用字典动词和后面的名词构成动宾搭配如果选项是四个不同的动词，看横线后面有没有名词，有名词则构成动宾搭配playarolein在…发挥作用要求查字典比较快，应该练习查字典的速度Havearest休息如果选项是四个不同的动词，看横线后面有没有介词、副词Listento听Look后面可以接很多个介词把经常考得介词搭配、词组背下来makeInchina.BemadeinbemadeofbemadefromLookfor寻找lookat看、调查lookinto调查lookafter照顾13.Willyougoandthefootballmatch?A.havealookB.lookatC.watchHavealook看一看，后面一旦接了名词则要加介词at,答案A错误Lookat后面可以接名词Watch观看Watchamatch观看比赛14.It’scoldtoday.Pleaseyoursweater.A.putonB.wearC.takeoffPuton穿上（强调动作）Wear穿（强调状态）Takeoff:起飞，脱下Sweater外衣，毛衣，厚的运动服17.Excuseme,mayIyourtelephone?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellmymother.A.takeB.lendC.useTake拿走，带走Lend借出Use使用答案选C11.ImyEnglishbookinreading-room.Pleasegoandgetitforme.A.forgotB.lostC.leftForget-forgot忘记（什么事情，做什么动作）不规则动词表很重要Lose-lost丢了Leave-left离开，落下答案C 16.Shebegantosomething,butstoppedwhensheheardtheteacherspeaking.A.tellB.speakC.sayTell告诉（必须要接人和物）Tellsb.Sth.告诉某人某事Tellsb.Todosth.告诉某人去做某事Speak直接接语言SpeakEnglish不及物动词后面不可以直接接名词SpeakEnglish/ChineseSpeaktosb.Say:说，及物动词（接说话的内容）答案C15.Don’tforgettoanumbrellawithyou.It’sgoingtorain.A.bringB.takeC.carryBring拿走Take拿走Carry扛着答案B14.Itwasraininghardwhensheschool.A.arrivedB.gotC.reachedArrived到达Arrive+介词+名词Arrivein+城市arriveat+小地点Get-got到达Get+介词+名词GettoReached到达答案C14.Howmuchdoesthissweater?A.takeB.spendC.costTake拿走，花费（花时间）Spend花费（人作主语）Cost花费（主语是物，花钱）15.EverybodyhereisbusyChristmasandbuyingChristmaspresents.A.lookingforB.takingcareofC.gettingreadyforLookfor寻找Takecareof照顾Getreadyfor为…准备主谓一致（八）用字典查谓语动词（二） 16.Here’sPolly’sfoodinthesebags.They’rebothfull.There’senoughtofortwomonths.A.lastB.stopC.liveLast:最后，上一个v.持续Lastfor+一段时间Stop:停止Live:居住，现场直播的答案选A18.Johnhimthatheshouldsayafewwordsaboutthisatthemeeting.A.talkedB.toldC.spokeTalked:谈论（必须是两个或两个又上的人）Talkto/with/aboutTell-told:告诉（接人和事）,区别，辩别Tellsb.Sth双宾语Speak-spoke:说Speaksb.+介词答案为B13.It’snotpolitetoothers.A.beangrywithB.catchupwithC.laughatBeangrywith:对。。。生气Catchupwith:追上，赶上Laughat:嘲笑Polite:礼貌的答案为C14.“Thevillageisquitefarfromhere.I’mafraidyouhavetoabus.“TheYoungPioneertoldtheoldwoman.A.takeB.carryC.sitTake:拿走，花费（时间）Takeabus乘坐公交Takeatrain乘坐火车Carr抗ySit坐Sitdown/on答案A15.FatherChristmasontopofeachhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefireplace.A.reachesB.landsC.arrivesReach:到达（可以直接加名词），够着（直接加名词）Arrive到达（接in/at）Land:v.着陆n.土地答案为B 16.Pleaseremembertothelightbeforeyouleave.A.closeB.openC.turnoffClosev.关上adj.离…近Becloseto离…近，接近Openv.开adj.开放的Turnoff关上（按钮）答案C12.WuPengdroppedhisstick!HestoppedtogetitandofcourseA.triedonB.felloffC.fellbehindTry-triedTryon试穿Fall-fellFalloff从…上掉下来Fallbehind落后14.ShetookouthermoneyandthedressA.foundoutB.paidforC.sentforFind-foundFindout发现，找到Pay-paidPayfor为…付款Sendfor送，接送，派人去请Send寄答案B15.Ihaven’tmyuncleforalongtime.A.heardB.heardfromC.receivedHear-heard听到（强调结果）Hearfrom收到某人的来信（直接接sb.）IheardfrommymotherReceive收到Ireceivedaletterfrommymother答案B总结：如果选项是四个不同的动词，通过动宾搭配，或者其后的介词和副词，来判断正常答案。谓语动词：1.时态：现在完成时，主将从现，一般过去时，现在进行时，一般将来时，过去将来时，过去完成时。考时态看时间，没有时间看谓语动词2.语态：既有时态又有语态，则语态优先3.语序：倒装句，从句的语序（陈述句语序） 4.主谓一致：have/has三、非谓语动词（一）非谓语动词的有关知识形式1.Todo（不定式）2.Do（不带to的不定式）3.Doing4.Done什么时候用非谓语动词谓语动词前面或后面再出现动词的时候Iwillgo。我要走了Iwillgotoplayfootball.我要去踢足球了Iwillgotoseeamovie.我要去看电影了非谓语动词是用todo还是do还是doing由前一个动词来决定。Done先排除，接触的不多Todo,do,doing是放在谓语动词后面的仅围绕考试经常出现的情况去讲，考完试之后可又去深入考试句子中一般有两个动词，其中一个是谓语动词非谓语动词的选择1.Make/let/have/has让，使役动词Make/let/have/hassb.Dosth.Have/has此处的意思不是有Make制作，制造（接todo）；让（接do）Hadbetterdo最好干什么Whynotdo为什么不呢2.感官动词：see/hear/watch/find/feel/noticesb.Do/doingsth.注意：beseen/heardtodo/doingsth.Bemadetodosth.Makehimworkfortenhours.(work)Hewasmadetoworkfortenhours.(work)Hearsb.sing/singing(sing)Seetheboyrun/running(run)Letthemgothere(go)3.Enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事Lookforwardtodoingsth.盼着做某事Bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事Can’thelpdoingsth.忍于做某事Thankstodoingsth.多亏了Owetodoingsth.因为Duetodoingsth.归功于 Leadtodoingsth.导致Contribution/contributetodoingsth.贡献4.Done表被动单独的过去分词不能充当谓语动词Done取决于离它最近的名词，被动关系用done,主动关系用do/doing/todoHaveTVsetrepaired(repair)Havehimrepair(repair)TVset.Letflowerswatered(water)Lethimwater(water)flowers.（二）非谓语动词的练习题（一）29.Thepolicemantoldtheboysinthestreet.A.nottoplayB.don’tplayC.notplayNottoplay动词不定式Don’t/doesn’t/didn’tplay只能是谓语动词Notplay：play看成是动词原形Tell-told不是特殊单词中的一律用todo答案ATellsb.Todosth.告诉某人去做某事Tellsb.Nottodosth.告诉某人不去做某事23.it’stimeforclass.Boysandgirls,stopiA.talkB.totalkC.talkingTalk动词原形Totalk:todoTalking:doingStoptodo/stopdoingStoptotalk要去说话Stoptalking别说了Stoptowrite快写Stopwriting别写了Todo动作还没发生，要发生Gotoseeamovie去看电影Iwanttogo我想走了Doing动作正在进行答案C24.You’dbetterswimminginthesea.A.nottogoB.notgoC.don’tgoDon’tgo谓语动词Nottogo动词不定式的否定形式Notgo:go是动词原形Hadbetterdosth. 答案B25.Thegirlwasheardinthenextroom.A.singB.tosingC.sangSing动词原形Tosing：todoSang:sing的过去式，谓语动词Beseen/heard/madeBeheardtodo/behearddoing答案B26.Themachinedoesn’tworkwell.Whynotit?A.have…repairB.tohave…repairC.have…repairedHave有，让某人做某事Whynotdo表被动done,表主动do答案CHavesth.Done21.Didyouseethemintheriverjustnow?A.toswimB.swamC.swimmingToswim：todoSwam过去式，谓语动词Swimming：doingSeesb.Do/doingsth.Beseentodosth.答案C22.AllthestudentswerebusyexceptFred.A.readingB.toreadC.readReading:doingToread:todoRead:doBebusydoingsth.没记住的情况下利用字典，查横线前面的动词、名词、形容词答案A18.Mostoftheyoungpeopleenjoythepopularsongs.A.singB.tosingC.singingSing:doTosing:todoSinging:doingEnjoydoingsth.24.Itmakesmebetter. A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingFeel感觉，感动，动词原形Tofeel:todoFeeling:doing答案CMakesb.Dosth.Bemadetodosth.25.You’dbetterinbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.A.don’treadB.tonotreadC.notreadDon’tread谓语动词Tonotread形式错误Notread:notdo答案C19.Whenthebabysawthestrange,hecouldn’thelpA.cryB.tocryC.cryingCry:doTocry:todoCrying:doingCan’thelpdoingsth.答案C20.Thatbosshisworkersworkmorethan12hoursaday.A.madeB.askedC.toldMake-made使得，让Ask问Tell-told告诉，辨别，区别Tellsb.Todosth.答案A22.IwanttogivetheboysomethingniceA.toeatB.eatC.ateToeat:todoEat:doAte:eat的过去式答案A25．Thankyoufor________ussomanyinterestingstories.AtellBtotellCtelling介词后面接doing介宾介词+doing/名词/从句25题答案C （三）非谓语动词的练习题（二）26．Don"tstopandgoon________.AreadBtoreadCreadingGoondoingsth.继续做某事Goontodosth.做另外一个动作介词+doing14．Hewasheard________songsloudlylatelastnight.Hisneighbors(邻居)wereangrywithhim.AtosingBtosingingCsingTosing:todoTosinging:todoing（一定构成固定搭配）Sing:doBeheardtodosth./behearddoingsth.答案ALookforwardtodoingsth.盼着做某事Can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事Leadtodoingsth.导致Thankstodoingsth.多亏了Owetodoingsth.因为Duetodoingsth.归功于Contribution/contributetodoingsth.贡献17．I________dancingandsinging.AhopeBneedCenjoyEnjoy喜欢Enjoydoingsth.19．Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstopped________atonce.A1aughingB1aughedC1aughLaughing:doingLaughed:可以理解为过去式或过去分词Laugh:动词原形Stoptodosth.Stopdoingsth.答案A20．Agirlsawit________whenshewaswalkingpast.AhappenedBwashappeningChappenHappened可又理解为过去式或过去分词Washappening谓语动词Happen动词原形Seesb.Do/doingsth.答案C 24．Oneday,I________someboysplayinginthatriver.AaskedBsawCmadeAsk.问，要求（接todo）See:看见（接do或doing）Make:使，让（接do）答案B25．Thepolicemanletthetraffic________again.AgoBtogoCgoingGo:doTogo:todoGoing:doing答案A18．You"dbetter________inclass,boysandgirls.AnottotalkBnottalkCtonottalkNottotalk:nottodoNottalk:notdoTonottalk形式错误答案B19．Wekept________theballtoeachother,andtheycouldn"tgetitatall.AtopassBpassingCpassedTopass:todoPassing:doingPassed:过去式或过去分词Keep-keptKeepdoingsth.一直做某事答案B22．Heisthirsty.Heneedssomething________.AdrinkBtodrinkCtodrinkingDrink:doTodrink:todoTodrinking:todoing(固定词组)答案B20．Jimtoldyou________toPollyinEnglisheveryday.AspeaksBtospeakCspeakSpeaks:单三，谓语动词Tospeak:todoSpeak:do答案B Tellsb.Todosth.95%用todo,记少量的接do和doing的单词利用字典动宾搭配/介词副词根据题干中后面的动词形式来决定前一个动词（例如see,ask,tell）动词的题是最多的四、名词（一）名词的知识讲解一、名词的分类1、可数名词：存在复数形式，一般在后面加S，也有不规则变化；例：man–menwoman–womenfoot–feetchild-children2、不可属名词：不存在复数形式总结：看到一个词后面加了S，要么是动词，要么是可数名词的复数二、名词的特点*1、冠词（the/a/an）后面接的是名词，如果后面接两个单词最后一个单词肯定是名词特例：the+adj.表示一类人2、某人的（my/our/your/his/her/their/its）后面接的是名词3、介词（on/in/for）的后面肯定接名词4、of两边是名词5、通过后缀（1）er/or结尾：worker，teacher，visitor（2）tion/sion结尾：collection（收集），decision（决定）（3）ness后缀：sadness（悲伤）（4）ment后缀：development（发展）（5）y结尾：safety（安全），difficulty（困难）（6）ship结尾：friendship（友谊）（7）hood结尾：childhood（儿童时期）（8）dom结尾：freedom（自由）（9）ance/ence结尾：difference（不同），performance（表现）（10）ing结尾：动名词三、名词与量词的关系*1、some（肯定句），any（疑问句和否定句）some，any即可以接可数名词复数，又可以接不可数名词2、few，afewfew+可数名词的复数加a表肯，不加a表否3、little（几乎没有），alittle（有点）后面都接不可数名词加a表肯，不加a表否4、many，much many+可数名词复数much+不可数名词5、alotof，lotsof（许多，大量）即可接可数名词复数，又可接不可数名词6、agreatdealof（许多，大量）只接不可数名词7、anumberof（大量），thenumberof（……的数量）anumberof–alotof，接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数thenumberof用单数的谓语动词Thenumberofbooksisfifty复数的谓语动词（are/were/have/do）单数的谓语动词（is/was/has/does）名词所有格1、’s：一般用于有生命体的Liping’sbooks李萍的书2、of：一般用于无生命的thewindowoftheclassroom房间的窗户名词与冠词单数可数名词前必加冠冠词：a/an/thethe特指a/an泛指a和an的区别：看离它最近的名词，以元音开头用an，以辅音开头用aanegg/apple总结最重要的是形式名词的特征各词与量词（二）名词有关的练习词：【Practice1】10．Howfarisitfromheretoyourschool?Aboutsix________walk.AminuteBminutesCminutes’minute：分钟minutes：复数形式minutes’：表示的用复数形式答案选C【Practice1】21．Theriverisverydirty.________peoplegotoswiminit.AAfewBManyCFewAfew：一些Many：许多 Few：几乎没有三个单词后面均接可数名词复数加a表肯，不加a表否答案选Cpeople：人们，表复数（不加s），一旦加了s表示民族【Practice2】14．Themachinewasmaking________.A1otofnoiseB1otofnoisesCalotofnoiseDlotsofnoises1otofnoise：没有这种形式1otofnoises：没有这种形式alotofnoise答案选Cnoise:不可数名词，杂音噪音【Practice3】11．—Who"sthemallinthejeep?—He"s________father.ALucyandLilyBLucy"sandLily"sCLucyandLily"sLucyandLily：两个人名‘s：的两个孩子一个父亲，则在两个人名最后加’s答案选CLucy"sandLily"s：两个人分别的父亲【Practice3】26．Thereis________orangeintheglass.Ican"tgiveyouany.AlittleBalittleCfewlittle：接不可数名词few：接可数名词的复数orange：桔子桔子汁加a表肯，不加a表否答案为A【Practice4】29．—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—I"dlike________coffee.AanyBsomeCmanyany，some共同点：即可接可数名词复数，又可接不可数名词不同点：any用在疑问和否定，some用在肯定many只能接可数名词的复数答案选B【Practice5】13．Isthereenough________formeinthecar?AplaceBroomCseatplace：地方room：房间（考得很少），空间（经常考）seat：座位答案选Benough:足够，足以enoughtodo【Practice8】10．He"llgiveme________tofinishit. Atwo-weektimeBtwoweekstimeCtwoweeks"timetwo-weektime两周的时间，时间段，前面要加aatwo-time只要出现小连字符，横线后面的名词必须用单数twoweekstime：没有这种表达答案选C一个七岁的小男孩：aseven-year-oldboy【Practice7】30．Don"trush.There"s________timeleft.AfewBafewCalittlefew,afew后面接可数名词复数alittle接不可数名词答案选Ctime：时间（不可数名词），时代（可数名词），次数（可数名词）三次：threetimes加a表肯，不加a表否跟考试关系最大的是名词的特征名词和量词的关系含有小连字符，后面的名词必须用单数五、代词（一）代词的知识讲解常见的代词1、人称代词（1）主格：作主语，主语大都在句首第一人称单复数：I/we第二人称单复数：you/you第三人称单复数：he/she/it/they（2）宾格：作宾语，宾语位置在动后介后第一人称单复数：me/us第二人称单复数：you/you第三人称单复数：him/her/it/them2、物主代词（1）形容性的物主代词：相当于是个形容词，后面必须接名词第一人称单复数：my/our第二人称单复数：your/your第三人称单复数：his/her/its/their（2）名词性的物主代词：相当于是个名词第一人称单复数：mine/ours第二人称单复数：yours/yours第三人称单复数：his/her/its/theirs固定词组搭配1、either…or…要么…要么… 2、neither…nor…既不…也不…3、one…theother…一个…另一个4、some…other…一些…另一些…5、both…and…两者7、allof…所有的eitherofneitherofoneof+可数名词复数bothofanother:范围是三个或三个以上（二）代词有关的练习题【Practice1】19．Hehastwokites.Oneisbig,________issmall.AtheotherBanotherCotherOne…theother…把固定词组记住，题就很好做another:范围是三个或三个以上【Practice2】5．Therearetwocomputershere.________ofthem________nice.ABoth…isBNeither…areCNeither…isBoth…is:both的谓语动词是复数，答案A错误Neither…are:neither两者都不，neither做主语时为谓语动词用单数答案选C【Practice2】15．Mygrandmotherhaslivedherenearly________.AallherlifeBheralllifeCallthelifeallherlifeheralllife:错误allthelifeallone’slife某人的一生答案选A【Practice3】4．________you________shecanborrowthebookbecausethereisonlyoneleft.ABoth…andBEither…orCNeither…norBoth…and：两者都Either…or:要么…要么Neither…nor：既不…也不【Practice3】5．________ofushasmuchtime.We________havemuchhomeworktodo.ABoth…bothBBoth…neitherCNeither…bothboth:两者都neither:两者都不much+不可数名词homework:不可数名词【Practice3】27．Neitherof________likesplayingbasketball.AweBusCourwe:主格 us:宾格our:我们的，后面接名词of两边是名词介宾答案选B【Practice3】28．________classroomismuchbiggerthan________.AOurs…yoursBWe…youCOur…yoursours:后面不接名词we：主格，主语后面应该接谓语动词our:后面应该接名词yours:名词性物主代词=yourclassroom答案选C【Practice4】30．Ihavetwosisters,________isadoctor,and________isanurse.Aone…anotherBone…theotherCone…otherone…another：范围是三个或三个以上，答案A错误one…theother：一个…另一个……答案为B【Practice5】4．________Tuesday________WendnesdayisOK.Iwillbefreeinthesedays.ANeither…norBEither…orCBoth…andNeither…nor：既不…也不Either…or：要么…要么Both…and：两者都both的谓语动词是复数答案为B【Practice5】29．________ofmyparentsareEnglishteachers.AAllBBothCOneOne：之一，谓语动词是单数parents：父母all：所有的都，范围超过三个both：两个答案为B【Practice6】5．Youmaycomeeithertoday________tomorrow.AbutBandCorbut：转折and：并列，和or：或者，否则答案为C【Practice6】9．Ithinksheistallerthan________inherclass.AgirlsBothergirlsCanyothergirl答案为C主语和其他的人比较anyothergirl：其他任何一个女孩theother+名词：其他的所有的【Practice7】20．Neitherofthem________aworker. AisBareCamam：要和Ia搭配neither做主语，谓语动词用is答案为A【Practice7】23．—Whoseturnisittocleantheclassroom?—________.AUsBWeCOursUs：宾格，我们we：主格，我们ours：名词性物主代词答案为C【Practice7】24．YoumustletJanedothework________.AhimselfBherselfCyourself反身代词him–himselfher–herselfyour–yourself答案选B【Practice7】25．Theteachersent________toschool.AheandIBhimandmeCIandhimheandI:都是主格himandme：全是宾格Iandhim：错误答案选B【Practice7】26．Theseshoesaren"t________.Ithinkthey"re________.Ayour…hisByours…himCyours…hisyour后面必须接名词his：既可以是形容词性，又可以是名词性答案选C【Practice7】27．Iwanttogivehim________delicioustoeat.Heishungry.AeverythingBsomethingCnothingsomething：某件事everything：每件事nothing：什么都没有答案选B【Practice8】28．ThestudentsherearestudyingChinese,mathsandsome________subjects.AanotherBothersCotheranother：三个或三个以上，后面接单数名词前面有数字时，接复数three/tendaysothers后面不需要接名词答案选CSubject:学科，接受实验的对象 总结：代词最重要的是主格和宾格代词代名词either…or…neither…nor…one…theother…others和other的区别六、形容词、副词（一）形容词、副词知识点1、形容词（adj）+名词（n）副词(adv)+动词（v）、形容词（adj）、副词(adv)2、原级比较级最高级比较级考察最多（1）原级看到这些单词后面就要加形容词或副词的原级Too…to太…而不能too+（原级）to+(动词原形)举例：TheboxistooheavytocarrySo…that如此…以至于so+(原级)that+（句子）举例：theboxissoheavythatIcann’tcarryit.Very+原级quite相当+原级rather相当+原级as…as像…一样as+（原级）+asnotso/as…as不如notso/as+（原级）+as（2）比较级：两个比较用比较级规则变化：-ertalltallerMore+beautifuldifficultmoredifficult不规则变化：Good/wellbetterbestBad/bad/illworseworstMany/muchmoremostLittlelessleastThan出现这个单词形容词副词必须用比较级，两者之间比较。修饰比较级的副词：muchfaralittleeven结构：The+比较级，the+比较级越…越…举例：themorethebatter越来越好（3）最高级：范围三个或三个以上用最高级。—esttalltallestMost+beautiful3、特殊用法：Adj.+enough举例：theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.这个孩子到了上学的年龄。 Something/thing/nothing/everything+adj.4、adj.adv.后缀形容词后缀：-ful-less-ish-ive-able–ous副词后最：形容词+ly（二）形容词副词练习题（一）7．Thethirdskirtis________ofall,butit"stoodear.AgoodBbetterCthebest看范围：原级没有比较，比较级是两者之间的比较，最高级是三者或三者以上的比较。Dear亲爱的昂贵的8．Thisblouseisnot________thatone.AasexpensivethanBsoexpensivethanCasexpensiveasExpensive昂贵的A不存在B不合理so+原级+that+比较级Cnotso/as+（原级）+as9．TheseT-shirtsaregreat,butthey"renot________.AenoughcheapBcheapenoughCenoughcheaper特殊用法形容词+enough7．Heis________tiredthathecan"twalkanyfurther.AveryBtooCsoABC全部可以加原级。So…that如此…以至于so+(原级)that+（句子）8．Myfatherisn"t________ashewaslastweek.AbusierBsobusierCsobusyA比较级需要有比较级线索词thanB不存在so+原级9．Bettyisn"tquite________Alice.AmorecarefulthanB1esscarefulasCascarefulasquite相当+原级10．Thedoctorsaidtohim,"Justacold.________"AAnythingseriousBNothingseriousCSeriousnothingSomething/thing/nothing/everything+adj.Anything用在否定和疑问句当中。Nothing用在肯定句当中12．Comeandlistentome.Ihave________totellyou.AsomethingimportantBimportantsomethingCanythingimportant同上题知识点。17．The________youclimb,the________sight(风景)youcanenjoy.Ahigher…beautifulBhigher…morebeautifulCmorehigher…morebeautifulhigher是规则变化，不能用more因此C错The+比较级，the+比较级越…越…5．Hewas________angrythathecouldn"tsayaword.AveryBtooCso Very+原级Too…to太…而不能too+（原级）to+(动词原形)So…that如此…以至于so+(原级)that+（句子）6．Thestoryis________ofthefour.AinterestingBmoreinterestingCthemostinteresting找范围确定用什么级别。最后four四个用最高级7．Pleasereadthisstoryas________asyoucan.AquickBquicklyCmorequicklyQuick形容词quickly副词as…as像…一样as+（原级）+as形容词（adj）+名词（n）副词(adv)+动词（v）、形容词（adj）、副词(adv)修饰动词read用副词修饰28．LinTanwasnotrunning________.AenoughfastBfastenoughCfastto（三）形容词、副词练习题（二）7．Doesshelook________thanshereallyis?（重点题）AveryyoungBmoreyoungCmuchyoungerAvery修饰原级Byoung是规则变化故次选择错误。Cmuch接比较级确定范围，出现than选比较级12．Doyouthinkmathsis________thanforeignlanguages?AasdifficultBmoredifficultCmostdifficultThan是线索词用于比较级形容词最高级前加the故C错误18．Theoldmandoesn"tfeel________whenheisalonebecausehehasmanyinterestsandhobbies(爱好).AbadlyBquietlyClonelyBadly坏的，副词quietly安静的副词lonely孤独的形容词feel后接形容词，不接副词。7.Englishisoneof________subjectsatschool.AhardestBharderCthehardest形容词最高级前加the范围确定，oneof之一用最高级。28．Thereis________withKate.AanythingwrongBwrongsomethingCsomethingwrongSomething用在肯定句中。7．DoyouthinkMathsis________thanforeignlanguages?AaseasyBeasierCeasiestThan用比较级 8．IthinkEnglishis________maths.AverydifficultthanBsodifficultasCmuchmoredifficultthanA句子结构错误very+原级than用比较级As…asnotso…as用于否定句中题干为陈述句Moredifficult比较级Much修饰比较级6．Lucyis________hersister.AashighasBsohighasCastallasAC句型合理。用于人的身高用tall7．—Whichis________riverinourcountry?—TheChangjiangRiver.AlongerBthelongestCthelongernourcountry在我们国家当中，范围多个。30．Chinaisdeveloping________thanbefore.AmuchquicklyBquicklyCmorequicklyMuch+比较级故A错误Than故用比较级形容词、副词小结1、形容词与名词有关副词和动词、形容词副词有关2、常用搭配Too…to太…而不能too+（原级）to+(动词原形)as…as像…一样as+（原级）+asnotso/as…as不如notso/as+（原级）+asSo…that如此…以至于so+(原级)that+（句子）The+比较级，the+比较级越…越…3.特殊用法Adj.+enoughSomething/thing/nothing/everything+adj不规则变化：Littlelessleast4、后缀形容词后缀：-ful-less-ish-ive-able–ous副词后缀：形容词+ly名词后加ly是形容词Motherlyfriendly七、数词（一）知识点及练习题1、数词hundred百thousand千million百万billion十亿（1）与数字连用时不加stwohundredhundredsof成百上千 thousandsofmillionsofbillionsof这些词前面不能出现具体数字。12．Thereareabout________Englishteachersinourcity.AtwohundredBtwohundredsCtwohundredof29．Thereare________peopleinthepark.AsixhundredsBsixhundredsofChundredsof30．Themoonis________kilometresaway.AthreehundredsandeightythousandsBthreehundredsandeightythousandCthreehundredandeightythousand出现具体数字不能加S29．—Howfarisitfromyourhousetothefactory?—________.ATwothousandskilometersBTwothousandkilometersCThousandofkilometres30．Thereare________studentsintheschool.AninehundredofBninehundredsChundredsof八、介副词（一）介副词知识点及练习题（一）（一）查字典要查空前后的动词、名词或者形容词（所搭配的不是唯一，不是唯一，则要把题干的意思顺一下，在选择）（二）常见的介副词：inonatforwithdownupoffdown等（一旦见到这样的介副词，要做下笔记）习题：1.What"sthis________English?It"skey.中文翻译：用英语表示下这个东西是什么？是钥匙AwithBinCfor解析：with:和、带有、原因in:在……里、使用、乘坐for:为了InEnglish用英语Key：钥匙关键=important2.Don"tbehard________thatpoorgirl.AonBtoCfor解析：on:在……上to:朝向（接todo/doing/名词）behardon:对…苛刻3.Maryis________avisit________China.Aon…atBon…inCon…to解析：onavisit：去参观4.Theboybecameveryinterested________English. AatBinCto解析：beinterestedin:对……感兴趣5.Theteacherdecidedtosend________theboyfromschool.AforBawayCup解析：sendfor:派人去请sendaway:开除sendup:上升发射Decidetodo：决定做……6.Theknifeismade________metalandwood.AtoBofCfrom解析：madeinto：把什么做成什么bemadeof：由…制成（能看出原材料）bemadeform:由…制成（看不出原材料）7.Thetwinsusuallylook________.Soweoftenmistakethem________eachother.Asame…forBthesame…withCthesame…for解析：mistakefor：把…看错成8.Sheaskedtheshopkeeperwhethershewouldtry________theshoes.AtoBonCup解析：Tryon：试穿whether:是否9.TheJohnstravelled________Chinalastyear.AonBoverCthrough解析：the姓氏…一家人10.Planes,carsandtrainsareused________businessmen________travelling.AOn…forBfor…onCby…for解析：被动语态，被利用被使用11.Thesemoderncomputersareusedall________theworld.AonBinCover解析：overtheworld全世界12.Wehavemadegoodfriends________eachother.AwithBfromCor解析：makefriendswith：和…交朋友13.Englishisspoken________thefirstlanguage________NewZealand.Ain…asBas…inCby…in解析：by后接有生命的14.Thecarsaremade________metal.AinBfromCof（二）介副词的知识点及其练习题（二） 1.Heis________spaceshipandknowsalotaboutit.AinterestedaboutBinterestedinCinterestingin解析：口诀，相对的，人做主语用ed，物主主语用ing（翻译时，令人感到…）。2.IfyouflytoMalaysia(马来西亚)fromHongKong,you"llhavetostopinThailand(泰国)________.AbythewayBonthewayCintheway解析：a顺便（放在句首）b在路上c挡路了3.Ithinkthisproblemisdifferent________thatone.AtoBforCfrom解析：bedifferentform:与…不同4.CanwecallhimJim________short?AatBforCof解析：forshort简单的5.Onthethirdlap,hebegantocatchup________LinTao.AwithBonCfrom解析：catchupwith追上6.Thescientistwillgiveusatalk________themoon.AforBinCon解析：talkon关于（在专题性文章，后接专题）7.Hownice________you________dothat!Afor…toBof…toCto…for8.Theradioistoonoisy.You"dbetterturnit________.AdownBupCon解析:如有反义词，先看反义词。如有同义词，则不看同义词。Turndown：把声音关小turnup:把声音开大turnon:打开9.Heborrowedabook________thelibraryyesterday.AatBinCfrom解析：往里借，borrowform:从…借lendto：借给…10.Chinesefoodisdifferent________Englishfood.AtoBwithCfrom11.ThisprogrammewassenttotheUSA________China________satellite.Ain…ofBof…inCfrom…by 12．TheGreatGreenWallstopsthesand________towardstherichfarmlandinthesouth.AnottomoveBwithoutmovingCfrommoving解析：stopsbformdoingsth：阻止某人做某事13.Intheolddaystherewasnorailway________thetwocities.AacrossBalongCbetweenDamong解析：a穿过（面上穿过）baslong沿着cbetween两者之间damong三者之间14.Aknifeismade________metalandwood,itisused________cutting.Afrom…toBwith…inCof…forDfrom…for解析：for目的为了Usedtodo过去常常Be/getusedtodoing习惯于Beusedtodo被用来于…beusedfor…15.Theparentsaskedtheirchildrennottosleep________ChristmasEve.AatBinCtoDon解析：出现具体日子，用on16.—________iswoodused________,canyoutellme?—Formakingpaper.AWhy…forBWhat…forCWhich…by17.________,Tomgotoutoftrouble.AWiththeworkershelpBWiththeworkers"helpCUndertheworkers"help18.Tomwaslateforworkagain.Thebosswasangry________him.AatBaboutCwith19.Thebuswillarrive________theGuangzhoustation________seven.Aat…atBat…inCat…about20.Welldone,everyone,congratulations_____thewinners.AtoBforCwith21.Gettingupearlyisgood________you.AforBatCof（三）平行结构知识点1、平行结构的词组Notonly…butalso…不但…而且…Neither...nor既不…也不…Either…or…要么..要么两个…之间的词性和动词的形式要保持一致 例子：（1）notonlylarge,butalsoheavy（heavily是错误选项）（2）notonlygoing,butalsoseeing.（3）Notonlyhim,butalsoher.(sheherhers)（4）Notonly名词1of名字2，butalso名词1of名词2（5）Notonlythemanwho…，butalso名词who…Than…as…as…空格中的形式要与主语保持一致。Thewindowofthisroomiscleanerthanthewindowofthatroom.Skatingismoreinterestingthanswimming.Swimmingisnotasinterestingasskating.（四）重要句型1、think(认为)consider(认为)find（发现）feel(感到)make(使得)+it+adj+todo(人)认为、发现、感到、使得做这个事情……Wethink/consideritalittledifficulttoleranEnglishwellIfinditinterestingtosiwm2、itis+adj+forsbtodosth做某事对某人来说…Itisdifficult/hartforustogetupearly.3、itis…that…强调句型真主形主（真正的主语和形式上的主语）强调句型与真主形主的区别（1）强调句型的话that后的句子不完整Itwasthatbookthatwereadyesterday.就是他告诉我了实情。Itwashethattoldmethetruth.（2）真主形主的话that后的句子完整Itwasstrangethathedidn’tknowanythingaboutit.（五）重要句型练习题8.hefinds____hardtofollowhisteacherinclassifheisn’tcarefulenoughAthisBthatCitFind+it+adj+todo;Carefulenough;if如果是否27、therewere____manystudentsintheclassroom_____ithardlyheldthemAas…asBsuch…thatCso…..thatSuch..that如此。。以至于。。。such后接名词So…that如此。。以至于。。。so后接形容词或副词Hold握住承载装下somanysomuch答案选C27、he______itveryusefultolearnEnglishwellAsaysBhopesCthinksThinkconsiderfindfeelmake+if+adj+todo答案选C 九、从句（一）状语从句连接词连接两个完整句，两个完整句之间存在一个连接词1.表示时间的连接词when（当...的时候），before(在...之前），after(在...之后)，until(一直到）；not..until(直到才）当你进来的时候，我在写作业吃完饭后，我们去散步2.条件状语从句的连接词If如果条件状语从句；是否连接的不是完整句Unless(除非)，so/aslongas(如果，只要)只要你瞎写功夫，你考试肯定能通过3.让步状语从句（虽然..单身）Although(尽管)，though(但是)，as(尽管)Although/though不能与but连用无论是谁：whoever=onmatterwho4.原因状语从句Because(因为)，since(因为)Because不能和so连用5.目的、结果状语从句Sothat(以便),inorderthat（目的）So/such…that…(如此..以至于)做题方法：但凡是状语从句的话，连接词连接必须是两个完整句（句意完整）必须要把连接词和连接词的意思弄清楚，代入法，不会的单词查词典6.Johnwillnotlistentoyou____youarerightAwhetherBbutCunlessWhether:是否（同义词：if）But:转折词，然而Unless：除非，如果不Listentosb：听某人的Right:正确，右面的，右方的答案选：C4.Nothingistoodifficult______youtryyourbestAbecauseBifCsinceBecause:因为if：如果，是否since：自从（主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时）；既然（表原因）tryone’sbest:尽某人做大的努力答案选B总结：1.连接词的意思必须要认识2.代入法while在。。。同时；可以当/尽管，此时必须放在句首尽管我花了好多时间学英语，但是效果不是太理想；然而；一会儿（名词）forawhile;（二）定语从句完形填空经常会出现，考定语从句的连接词定语修饰名词 以前接触的定语往往是形容词（美丽的祖国，强大的祖国）现在的接触的定语不是个单词，是个句子定语从句一定放在名词的后面名词的后面接了个句子，这种现象称为定语从句定语从句必须缺成分；缺主语、宾语、定语、状语；缺成分由连接词来补，连接词取决于所修饰的名词缺主语：连接词that/which/who,选哪个由前面的名词决定That:万能词，、人、物均可以；所修饰的名词是物，则常用which;所修饰的名词是人，则常用whoThebooks_____lreadThebooksthat/whichwerewritteninEnglishEveryone____knewhim(know–knew)that/who缺宾语:连接词that/which/whomThat:万能词，人、物均可以所修饰的名词的物，则常用Which所修饰的名词的人，则常用WhomThebooks___lreadyesterdaythat/which定语从句中缺宾语时，连接词可以省略Thefriend_that/whom__lwastravellingwith缺定语：连接词whose连接词前后都接的是名词，这两个名词之前能加上一个“的”TheladywhosehusbandThestudentswhoseparents缺状语：连接词when/where从句部分句意完整When:修饰是表示时间的名词Where:修饰是表示地点的名词Iwillgotomorrow/atseveno’clock/byplane/byairTheplacewherewemeteachotheryesterdayThedaywhenlarrivedinBeijing定语从句修饰名词，连接词没有任何意义（三）宾语从句宾语从句的位置：动词后，介词后；宾语是一个句子来充当，这种结构叫宾语从句但凡是从句，必须由两个或者两个以上的主语和谓语that+陈述句（必须是个完整句）：that可以省略我说他们要来（动宾搭配）Isaidtheywouldcome我告诉他们我们要来(动宾搭配)疑问词+陈述句Nobodyknows__B_AwheredoesheworkBwhereheworksCwheredidhework(3)whether/if+陈述句if如果，是否if前后都是完整句，则表示如果；主句句意不完整，则表示是否（4）疑问句+todo 我想知道我们要去哪Iwanttoknowwherewewillgo=Iwanttoknowwheretogo定语从句和宾语从句中都有where/which区别？定语从句是修饰关系，修饰前面的名词，连接词没有意义；宾语从句中能翻译出来请你告诉我你喜欢哪一个：pleasetellmewhichoneyouprefer.Haveyougotwhatyouwanted?宾语从句（疑问句+陈述句）What引不出定语从句，前面没有名词get—got得到Shewasshockedbywhatshehadseen宾语从句shock:震惊by:介词，被动语态标致词Iwonderifyouwouldliketospendeveningwithme.宾语从句wonder：想知道，不知道if是否例句：theteacherasked_____youmadeherasmalldeskAifBthatCsoIf:如果，是否；shat:往往不做成分，可以省略；so：所以if/whether:一般是问的问题that:陈述，不需要回答答案AThelittlegirlsays_____shemissesherlittlefriendsverymuchAthatBwhetherCwhichThat:定语从句、宾语从句都可以用Whether：是否Which：用在定语从句中没有意义，宾语从句意思是哪个陈述句，完整句答案选A十、句子结构（一）主语和谓语介绍句子结构涉及到的题型：阅读判断、完形填空、完成句子等句子的最基本结构：主谓/主谓宾/主系表主语的表达形式1、名词2、代词（主格）3、动词（todo或者doing）Todo做主语时可又改写成Itis+adj.+todo4、句子：主语从句（1）that+陈述句（必须是完整句）（2）疑问句+陈述句=疑问词+todo（3）Whether+陈述句Smokingmaycausecancer.It’sdifficulttosaywhichisbetter.辨别哪个好很困难真正的主语：tosaywhichisbetter.主语太长，用it来改写宾语从句：whichisbetter Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.谓语：is主语从句：Thatpriceswillgoup5、名词+who/that/which+谓语动词ThebookthatIamreadingisinteresting.ThebookIamreadingisinteresting.（从句缺宾语的情况下连接词可以省略）6、名词，句子——非限定的定语从句Thebook,thatIamreadingisinteresting.谓语谓语动词体现的是时态1.Be动词：am/is/are/was/were1．What"sthis________English?It"skey.AwithBinCfor3．Maryis________avisit________China.Aon…atBon…inCon…to2.动词原形：do（主语不是第三人称单数），does（主语是第三人称单数）17．Excuseme,mayI________yourtelephone?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellmymother.AtakeB1endCuse6．Tomdidn"tseethebook.Ididn"tseeit,________.AneitherBeitherCalso4．Theteacherasked________youmadeherasmalldesk.AifBthatCso3、have/hasdone26．—WhereisLiPing?—She________Beijing.AhasgonetoBhasbeentoCwent27．UncleLi________Londonandwillstaythereforamonth.AhasleftBhascomefromChasleftfor4.willdo13．Willyougoand________thefootballmatch?AhavealookB1ookatCwatch5.情态动词+do17．Excuseme,mayI________yourtelephone?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellmymother.AtakeB1endCuse6.被动语态:be21．Theriverisverydirty.________peoplegotoswiminit.AAfewBManyCFew22．ThomasEdison,agreat________inventor,wasbornin1874. AFrenchBAmericanCBritishBeborn:出生Inventor:发明家Invent:v.发明23．Ifit________nextSunday,wewon"tgotothepark.ArainsBrainCraining主将从现单三肯定是谓语动词27．UncleLi________Londonandwillstaythereforamonth.AhasleftBhascomefromChasleftforWilldo28．Couldyoutellmewhenthedinnerparty________,please?AbeginsBwouldbeginCwillbeginCould:情态动词Could+do29．Thepolicemantoldtheboys________inthestreet.AnottoplayBdon"tplayCnotplayPlay非谓语动词Todo不能充当谓语动词1．Theboybecameveryinterested________English.AatBinCtoInterested形容词7．Heis________tiredthathecan"twalkanyfurther.AveryBtooCsoCan情态动词+动词原形锻炼把谓语动词挑出来谓词动词前面的是主语主语未必是一个单词（二）宾语和表语宾语1.宾语从句2.名词3.代词（宾格）4.动词(todo或者doing,由前一个动词来决定)Enjoydoing/wanttodo13．Willyougoand________thefootballmatch?AhavealookB1ookatCwatch14．It"scoldtoday.Please________yoursweater.AputonBwearCtakeoff17．Excuseme,mayI________yourtelephone?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellmymother.AtakeB1endCuse 19．Hehastwokites.Oneisbig,________issmall.AtheotherBanotherCother20．What________foodyou"vecooked!Welikeitverymuch.AfamousBusualCdelicious21．Theriverisverydirty.________peoplegotoswiminit.AAfewBManyCFew1．Theboybecameveryinterested________English.AatBinCto3．Theteacherdecidedtosend________theboyfromschool.AforBawayCup6．Johnwillnotlistentoyou________youamright.AwhetherBbutCunless11．I________myEnglishbookinreading-room.Pleasegoandgetitforme.AforgotB1ostCleft表语一般在be动词的后面1.名词2.代词3.形容词4.地点副词5.动词(todo或者doing,doing不能是构成现在进行时)谓语动词强调的是动作，表语强调的是状态6.done(被动语态情况下不能答为表语)7.句子（1）that+完整句（2）疑问词+陈述句（3）疑问词+todoMyopinionisthattheplanwon’twork.表语从句Opinion意见，建议Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.表语从句，疑问词+陈述句WhatsurprisedmewasthathespokeEnglishsowell.Spoke从句中的谓语动词ThathespokeEnglishsowell表语从句Whatsurprisedme主语从句主谓宾，主系表1.主语2.谓语3.宾语4.表语5.状语 （三）练习题20．What________foodyou"vecooked!Welikeitverymuch.AfamousBusualCdeliciousCook做饭Cookfood定语从句，连接词省略了，应该填that或者which缺宾语情况下连接词可以省略28．Couldyoutellmewhenthedinnerparty________,please?AbeginsBwouldbeginCwillbeginWhenthedinnerpartywillbeginTellsb.Sth.告诉某人某事When翻译成“当。。时候”是状语从句When翻译成“什么时候”是宾语从句或主语从句16．Shebeganto________something,butstoppedwhensheheardtheteacherspeaking.AtellBspeakCsayBegan谓语动词Tosay宾语Something:say的宾语Stopped谓语动词Whensheheardtheteacherspeaking时间状语从句Hearsb.Do/doingsth.21．TheTurnerswillmaketheeagle________highinthesky.AflyBfliesCflewMakesb.Dosth.TheTurners特勒一家人1．Sheaskedtheshopkeeperwhethershewouldtry________theshoes.AtoBonCupTryontheshoes试穿鞋子Whether是否，宾语从句Asksb.Sth询问某人某事4．________you________shecanborrowthebookbecausethereisonlyoneleft.ABoth…andBEither…orCNeither…nor4.Eitheryouorshecanborrowthebookbecausethereisonlyoneleft.A.Both…andB.Either…orC.Neither…nor情态动词+动词原形Because引出原因状语从句Left过去分词，留下的，剩下的 18．Thework________beforehe________back.Acando…isBcanbedone…comesCwillbedone…arrive情态动词+动词原形Beforehecomesback时间状语从句20．"Youmadeamistake,Tom."Shesaid.She________Tomthathe________amistake.Asaidto…madeBtold…hadmadeCsaid…hadmade直接引语变成间接引语：将引号拿掉，转述答案BMakeamistake犯错误Tellsb.Sth告诉某人某事Thathehadmadeamistake宾语从句24．Whenyougothome,they________.AhadleftBhaveleftChavewentawayWhenyougothome时间状语从句If…,…引处的if一定是如果的意思8．Hefinds________hardtofollowhisteacherinclassifheisn"tcarefulenough.AthisBthatCitFind/feel/think/consider/makeit+adj.+todosthFinds谓语动词Follow跟随句意完整，所以if条件状语从句14．Itwasraininghardwhenshe________school.AarrivedBgotCreachedWasraining过去进行时主句句意完整，when引导时间状语从句16．Heis________spaceshipandknowsalotaboutit.AinterestedaboutBinterestedinCinterestinginBeinterestedin对。。。感兴趣Know知识，了解And并列词，连接的动词的词性和形式要一致17．Idon"tknowifhe________tomorrow.Ifhe________tomorrow,pleaseletmeknow.Awillcome…willcomeBcomes…comesCwillcome…comesIf如果，是否句意完整，则是条件状语从句句意不完整，则是宾语从句Ifhewillcometomorrow是宾语从句Ifhecomestomorrow是条件状语从句 Letsb.dosth1．Ithinkthisproblemisdifferent________thatone.AtoBforCfromBedifferentfrom与。。。不同Thisproblemisdifferentfromthatone宾语从句，省略that6．Theelephantis________bigthathecan"tgetintotheroom.AsoBsuchCverySo…that..如此。。。以致8．Tellmewhere________thatmedicine.AcanwegetBwecangetCshouldweget动词原形开头是祈使句Tellsb.SthWhere引导宾语从句，where表示在哪儿疑问词+陈述句