高中英语语法省略句 3页

省略句为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）种类例句说明主语的省略Beautifulday(=Itisabeautifulday),isn’tit?Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.(Itisapitywelivesofarfromthesea.)有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.)谓语的省略--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losinghernewbicycle(madeMarysoupset).不定式的省略Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.)--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday),butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。--Didyoutellhimthenews?--Ioughttohave(toldhimthenews),butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.--Areyouanengineer?--No,butIwanttobe.Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。1、when，while引导的时间状语从句e.g.Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句e.g.If(itis)properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited. Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.1、though，although，whether，nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句e.g.Hewashappy,though/although(hewas)poor.Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is),wemustfulfillitintime.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）2、asif，asthough引导的方式状语从句e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though(hewas)wakingupafteralongsleep.Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.（asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作）一、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了itis，thatis，thereis/are。Ifnecessary如果有必要的话Ifpossible如果有可能的话Ifany如果有一些的话Ifso如果是这样的话Ifnot如果不是这样的话Ifever如果有过的话e.g.If(itis)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.If(thatis)so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:00pm.Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。e.g.Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略1、感官动词(一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch)和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.2、donothingbut，can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.2)---Areyouateacher?---No,butIwanttobe(ateacher).3)---Hehasn’tfinishedthetask.---Well,heoughttohave(finishedit).4、并列的不定式可省去后面的to。Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’mafraid等连用e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?–Isupposenot.