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主语从句定义在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句.名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)中的连接词连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever第一部分 常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制。(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.that在主语从句中有三个特点:不作成分;没有词义;不能省略。 (2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown. (3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasn"tbeendecidedyet. (4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance. (5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown. (6)Whateveryoudidisright.(主语从句大部分情况看成第三人称单数形式) (7)Whatweneedistime. (8)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.(主语从句有时可以根据表语来判断单复数问题) 小结: (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 (2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为第三人称单数,但也有例外,如例(8)
第二部分 为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末 (1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch. (2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry. (3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting. (4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat. (5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (7)Itisapitythatwewon"tbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai) (10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese. (11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare. -----------------------------------------------------------------(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm) (13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere) 小结:(1)以that引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.Itis+形容词/名词/某些动词ed/+that从句.It+不及物动词+that从句.(2)在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.主语从句的用法。
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法来介绍。 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 ①主语从句常用it作形式主语,一般常用句型为:Itis+{名词/形容词/过去分词}+主语从句或It+不及物动词+that从句.例如: Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot. Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm. 另外,还有一些比较多见的结构: Itturnedoutthat……; Ithasbeenprovedthat……; Ithappened/occurredthat……; Itiswell-knownthat……等等 ②而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句 强调主语:Itisthetimesthatproducetheirheroes.时势造英雄 强调宾语:ItisEnglishthatProfessorLinteachesus. 强调状语:ItwasinshanghaithatIsawthefilm. 判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。 2.用it作形式主语的结构 (1)Itis+名词+that从句 Itisafactthat…事实是… Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识 (2)itis+形容词+that从句 Itisnaturalthat…很自然… Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是… (3)it+不及物动词+that从句 Itseemsthat…似乎… Ithappenedthat…碰巧… (4)itis+过去分词+that从句 Itisreportedthat…据报道… Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实… 3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。ItisuncertainifhewillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.if可以引导主语从句,但必须放置句尾。 (2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek. (3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination. (4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如: Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot. (5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如: Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening? 4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
主语从句翻译题目1.(谁将去接他)_____________isnotdecided.2.(哪个班极会赢得这场足球赛)________isnotclearsofar.3.(他能否买到飞机票)________________doesn’tmattermuch.4.(我们如何去那里)_________________isaquestion.5.(你刚才告诉我的)________________wasreallyasurprise.6.(他什么时候出国)_________________isbeingdiscussed7.(他为什么哭)_________________isnotclear.8.Itisclear__________(他是一个乞丐).9.(你要请谁)_____________isnotimportant.10.(我们将在哪里举行篮球赛)__________________isnotclear.最佳答案1.whowillpickhimupisnotdecided.2.whichclasswillwinthematchisnotclearsofar.3.whetherhecanbuytheticketforplanedoesn’tmattermuch.4.howwewillgothereisaquestion.5.whatyoutoldmejustnowwasreallyasurprise.6.whenhewillgoabroadisbeingdiscussed7.whyhecriesisnotclear.8.Itisclearthatheisabeggar9.whoyouwillinviteisnotimportant.10.wherethebasketballwillbeheldisnotclear.