英语语法之比较级最高级 2页

语法之比较级与最高级一．比较级和最高级的基本用法规则变化：形容词和副词的比较级在后面加er和than,最高级在形容词和副词后面加est,前面加the.1，如果形容词和副词最后有e,则变形时只加r,st.2,若果单词是单音节，闭音节，则双写最后一个字母。如big,hot,thin,fat,wet等.3,单词最后是辅音字母+y,则变ier,iest.4,三，多音节单词,副词前面加more,themost（反义用less,theleast）,如difficult,beautiful,interesting,expensive等。不规则变化good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfewfewerfewestfarfarther/farthest表示距离e.g.gofartherfurther/furthest表示程度e.g.furtherstudylatelater/latestlatter/lastoldolder/oldestelder/eldest注意：1，英式英语中elder,eldest只用于家庭成员长幼关系，没事英语则全部用older,oldest.2，Glad,fond,shy,sly,free,clear,secure,cruel,pretty,lively比较级前加more,themost.3，复合词变形只需变部分，如well-known变better-known.4，副词如hard,fast,early和形容词同样变化，有ly的副词则在前面加more,most.比较级最高级的用法1.形容词和副词的比较级在后面加er和than,最高级在形容词和副词后面加est,前面加the.可以省略the的情况:副词最高级前；前面有名次所有格.e.g.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverofChina.=TheYellowriverisChina’ssecondlongestriver.e.g.OfthethreeboysJimruns(the)fastest.2.最高级后常用一个介词短语表示比较的范围（among,inourclass,ofthethreeboys,Ihaveever…）e.g.OfthethreeboysSamisthetallest.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.3.比较级中用the的情况，后面有一个表示范围的短语表示其中比较有特色的那个。e.g.Heisthetallerofthetwo.4.用比较级表示最高级(注意是否在同一范围内比较)e.g.ThereisnocountrybiggerthanChinainAsia.e.g.ChinaisbiggerthananyothercountryinAsia.=ChinaisthebiggestcountryinAsia.中国在亚洲范围e.g.ChinaisbiggerthananycountryinEurope.中国不在欧洲范围5.注意比较的主体，特别是其中有所有格时：e.g.Myclassroomisbiggerthanyours.(yourclassroom)e.g.Tom’sbooksaremorethanJim’s.e.g.TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofShanghai.(复数用thoseof)e.g.Sheissmarterthanhe(is).e.g.ShedoesbetterinMathsthanhedoes.e.g.Hecanswimfasterthanshe(can). 读音：如果最后一个字母是r或n,则要和er,est一起读。二，其他用法1，as…as反义词notsoase.g.LindaisnotsogoodatMathsasinChinese.其他词组：assoonaspossible=assoonasyoucan/couldassoonasaswellasasfarasaslongas2,比较级用法（1）Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Afewhoursearlier=afewhoursago（2）修饰比较级用even,alittle，some，much，abit，slightly，alot，far等.e.g.Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.e.g.Thesunrisehereismuchmorebeautifulthaninotherplaces.（3）比较级前面用any,no.e.g.Heistootiredtowalkanyfurther.e.g.Thetrainisnolongerinsight.e.g.Hefoundthathisfatherisnolongeryoungandhealthybecauseofhardwork.（4）notmorethan不多于nomorethan至多只有，说明其少的程度(反之用less)e.g.Ihavenomorethan5yuaninmypocket.e.g.Thishouseisnotlarge.Thathouseisnolargerthanthisone.（5）比较级and比较级越来越the比较级，the比较级越….就越…e.g.Herfatherisgettingfatterandfatter.Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.（6）倍数或数词加比较级(倍数用可数名词time表示once,twice,threetimes,fourtimes)e.g.Sheisthreetimesastallasherfive-year-olddaughter.她的身高是她五岁女儿的三倍=Sheistwicetallerthanherlittledaughter.e.g.Thishouseisfourtimesaslargeasthatone.=Thishouseisaslargethesizeofthatone.e.g.Heis2inchestallerthanhisfather.他比他父亲高2英寸。more+原级+than与其说不如说e.g.Thelittlegirlismoreshythantimid.(7)否定+比较级最…不过e.g.Thereisnothingcheaper.e.g.Ican’tagreewithyoumore.e.g.Hecouldn’tbeworse.3.最高级用法（1）most=verye.g.Itisamostusefulbook.e.g.Heismostsurprisedatthenews.（2）most=mostof大多数大部分e.g.Mostyoungpeopleenjoypopmusic.（3）do/tryone’sbesttodo