中考英语语法与词汇强化训练题集（20套） 53页

中考英语语法与词汇强化训练题集（20套）语法与词汇（1）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.（共20分）()1.Whatisthegirl"sname?______nameisMichael.A.MyB.YourC.HisD.Her()2.How______isthedataline?It"sabouteightydollars.A.longB.oldC.manyD.much()3.Jacksonborrowedabook____thelibrarytwoweeksago.A.toB.fromC.forD.in()4.IamsorryIforgottobringmytextbook.I____itathome.A.lostB.forgotC.leftD.put()5.Whatdoyouthink_____heragoodstudent?A.ofmakingB.madeC.makingD.tomake()6.There_____nobodyintheroom.Thedoorisopen.A.canbenotB.can’thaveC.can’tbeD.becan’t()7.Hurryup,orwewill_____theplane.A.catchB.takeC.loseD.miss()8.Thepostcard_____”HappyValentinesDay!”A.saysB.speaksC.tellsD.writes()9.ThepopulationofChinaismuch_______ofJapan.A.morethanB.biggerthanthatC.biggerthanD.morelargerthan()10.“Excuseme,mayItryon______pairofgloves?Thisoneistoosmall.”“Certainly.”A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another()11．He"squite________ math，butheneverdropsit．A．goodatB．weakinC．interestedinD．tiredof()12．Computersaresohelpfultopeople．Theycandoalmosteverything！Yes．Butthey________ whattodo．A．mustbetoldB．willbeknownC．hastobeknownD．willknow()13.Herpaperisoutofuse,but_________isenough.      A.I           B.me            C.my           D.mine()14.Ifit________tomorrow,wewillnotgotoSuZhouforthetrip.      A.willrain    B.rained       C.rains        D.rain()15.Look！________beautifulchurchitis！A．WhatB．HowC．HowaD．Whata ()16.“HaveyoureceivedanymessagefromWendyaftershewenttoFrance？”“________．”“Really？Nonewsisgoodnews．”A．Yes，IhaveB．Idon"tmindC．No，Ihaven"tD．Noproblem()17.“IsMrBakerreallyveryill？”“________．He"sinhospital．”A．Idon"tthinksoB．No，heisn"tC．IhopesoD．I"mafraidso()18.“Mum，Billyiscomingtosupperthisevening．”“OK．Let"sgivehim________toeat．”A．somethingdifferentB．differentanythingC．anythingdifferentD．differentsomething()19.“Wouldyouliketoplaybaseballwithus?”“_________.”A.Yes,I’dlovetoB.No,please.C.It’sOK.D.Allright.()20.“MayIputmybikehere？”“Sorry，youmustn"t．Pleaselookatthesign．Itsays’________"．”A．noparkingB．nophotosC．dangerD．stopⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Thankyouforyour________tous.(kind)2.Ona________night,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.(clearly)3.In________weather,theoldhadbetterstayathome.(freeze)4.Atthe________ofthiscentury,theAPECconferenceswereheldsuccessfullyinShanghai.(begin)5.It’sa________tohaveapicnicwithallthefamilymembers.(please)6.How________itsounds.(interest)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Canyoutellmewhatweighttheboxis?(保持句意不变)Doyou________how________theboxis?2.Thepostageisthreeyuanandfivejiao.(对划线部分提问)________________isthepostage. 3.Theseboypreferreddetectivestoriestosciencefiction.(保持句意不变)Theseboylikedreadingdetectivestories________________sciencefiction.4.Helostthekeytohisbikeonhiswaytothelecture.(对划线部分提问)________didhe________onhiswaytothelecture?5.NanjingRoadWalkwaylooksverybeautifulatnight.(改为感叹句)________________NanjingRoadWalkwaylooksatnight!语法与词汇（2）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.What"sthatonthefloor?It"sjust______smallorange.A.aB.anC.theD./()2.Three_______theexcellentstudentsinouruniversitywillfirstgraduatefromschool.A.hundredB.hundredsofC.hundredofD.hundreds()3.Itwasverycoldthedaybeforeyesterdayanditrainedthewholeday.__________.A.SoitwasB.ItwassoC.SodiditD.Soitis()4.Don"tforgettogivemysincerelyregardstoyourfamily．________．A．Idon"tB．Iwon"tC．Ican"tD．Ihaven"()5.Thedressissobeautiful.CanI______.A.tryitonB.tryonitC.wearitonD.dressiton()6.Wouldyoumind_______theComputersoundbox,please?It’seleveno’clock.A.toturndownB.turningdown　　C.turneddown　　　D.turndown()7.Doyouknowthegirl________theshortskirt?A.dressingofB.having　　　　C.wearing　　D.puttingon()8.Thelittlegirl"skneewasinjured,_______shedidn"tcry. A.if         B.but          C.or            D.and()9.Couldyou_______German? Yes,butonlyalittle.      A.speak       B.talk          C.say          D.tell()10.WhattimedoesyourlessonsonSundaybegineveryday?It_______attentoeight. A.beginB.beingsC.isbeginningD.willbegin()11.Theboycame______withnoideaatlast.A.onB.atC.upD.to()12.IfH2burnsinO2wecanget________.A.H2B.O2C.H2OD.H2O2()13.Youmaygotoplaysoccerassoonasyourhomework_____A.willbefinishedB.hasfinishedC.finishesD.isfinished()14._________wonderfulmusicheisplaying!Allofusarelosingourselvesinthesongs.A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What()15.It’s________hardproblemforthewholefamilythat_______ofthemcanworkitout.A.so,neitherB.sucha,noneC.soa,neitherD.sucha,neither()16.“Couldyouletmeknow___________yesterday?”“Becausethetrafficwasheavy.”A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelateD.whyyoucomelate()17.“_____willthebus_____?”“Inabouttenminutes,Ithink.”A.When,reachB.When,arriveC.Howsoon,reachD.Howsoon,arrive()18.“Couldyoutellme___________yesterday?”“Becauseoftheheavytraffic.”A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelateD.whyyoucomelate()19．“Wouldyoulikeadrink？”“Oh，yes，ofcourse．I"dlove____________．”A．oneB．itC．anyD．something()20．“Excuseme，MrGemini．You"dbetternotsmokehere．Lookatthesign！”“Sorry，I___________it.”A．don"tseeB．didn"tseeC．hadn"tseenD．won"tseeⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Suchcoldweatherisquite________inMayandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain. (usually)2.TheFrenchmansaid,‘It’smy________timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.’(three)3.‘Yourjobisto________customerswell.’,themanagertoldthewaiters.(service)4.Whowillpaythe________ofyoureducation?(expensive)5.Oilpricesare________toriseafterthewar.(certainly)6.________isveryimportantforpeople.(honest)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Itlooktheworkersandengineersabouttwoyearstobuildthetunnel.(保持句意不变)Theworkersandengineers________abouttwoyears________thetunnel.2.Theboyaskedhismother,‘Doeswaterfreezeat0℃?’(保持句意不变)Theboyaskedhismother________water________at0℃?’3.Maryissotalltallthatshecaneasilygetthebookonthetopshelf.(保持句意不变)Maryis________________togetthebookonthetopofshelfeasily.4.Hedidn’tinviteanyonetohisbirthdayparty.(保持句意不变)________________invitedtohisbirthdayparty.5.Jackdidn’tshowtheteacherthemistakeonhistestpaper.Insteadhesaidnothingaboutit.(合并一句)Jacksaidnothingaboutthemistake________________showingittotheteacher. 语法与词汇（3）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.It"stimeforlunch.Boysandgirls,let"sstop_________.A.toworkB.toworkingC.workingD.work()2.Pleasegivemea________whenyougettoHaiKou.Allright．I"lltellyoueverythingwhenIgetthere．A．newspaperB．ticketC．callingD．ring()3.________doyouusuallygotowork,Frank? Bybike.      A.What       B.How        C.When       D.Where()4.Look!Mr.Wu________footballontheplayground.      A.plays      B.played    C.isplaying D.willplay()5.Ifyoukeep_______,youwillbeaverygoodswimmeroneday.A.practisetoswimB.practisingswimmingC.topractisetoswimD.practiseswimming()6.Fredis_________boy.Hecanswimandskitwell.A.a11-year–oldB.an11-year-oldC.a11-years–oldD.an11-years-old()7.IhearAnn_________drinkalotattheparty.A.seesB.wasseenC.seestoD.wasseento()8.Thetravelersarrived______XiAn_____arainyday.A.at,inB.at,onC.in,inD.in,on()9.------Isthere______intoday’sTVnews?------Nothingserious.A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.anythingimportantD.importantanything()10.Myrulerisshort,but______islong.A.sheB.herC.hersD.her’s()11.Wearesittinginasoftsofa_________.Theroomis_________andsmellsgood.　A.comfortably,tidy　　　　B.comfortable,clean　C.uncomfortably,full　　　D.uncomfortable,empty()12.Ifit_____tomorrow,we’llhaveatriptoXiangMountain.A.don’trainB.isn’trainC.doesn’trainD.won’train ()13._________kidsthereareinafamily，_______theirlifewillbe．A．Theless；thebetterB．Thefewer；thebetterC．Fewer；richerD．More；poorer()14.Iwanttoknow_________Jackstilllivesinthathouse.A.that　　　　B.if　　　　C.whether　　D.where()15.Itwasrainingheavily,but______stoppedplayingsoccer.A.allofusB.someofusC.noneofusD.nobodyofus()16.----Whataboutsixo’clockattheFridayRestaurant?----________Let’smakeitsixo’clock.A.That’sOK.B.Thatwouldbefine.C.Howaboutalittleearlier?D.Itdoesn’tmatter.()17．—Lisadidn"tcometoschoolyesterday，didshe？—__________，thoughshewasnotfeelingverywell．A．No，shedidn"tB．Yes，shedidC．Yes，shedidn"tD．No，shedid()18.Jeffreyaskedme________.A.howmanychairsarethereintherestingroomB.howmanychairsthereareintherestingroomC.howmanychairstherewereintherestingroomD.howmanychairstherehadintherestingroom()19.---Wendy,I’llreturnyourcalculatorassoonasIcan.---__________.A.Don’tworry.B.NohurryC.Ofcourse.D.Withpleasure()20.------Thankyouforinvitingus.Wehavehadaverygoodtimetoday.------__________.A.No,thankyou.B.I’mafraidnotC.Pleasedon’tsaythatD.MypleasureⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Inordertokeep________,wemustdomorningexerciseeveryday.(health)2.More________workersareneededinthatcountry.(medicine)3.Theoldwomanshoutedatthisboy________becausehetrickedheragain.(angry)4.Ilike________foodverymuch.(freeze) 5.MadameCurie,oneofthemostfamous________intheworld,wontheNobelPrizetwiceinherlife.(science)6.I’mafraidmostofyouranswersonthepaperare________.(correct)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Weenjoyedthefoodandtheevening,too.(保持句意不变)Weenjoyedthefoodandtheevening________________.2.Tomhadtotakepartintheactivities.(改为反意疑问句)Tomhadtotakepartintheactivities,________________?3.Thebookisinteresting.Therearemanystoriesinit.(合并一句)Itis________interestingbook________manystoriesinit.4.Wetriedtofindtheanswerstothetwoquestions.(对划线部分提问)________didyou________tofind?5.Youspenttoomuchtimeplayingvideogames.(改为一般疑问句)________you________toomuchtimeplayingvideogames?语法与词汇（4）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Howmuchmeatdoyouwanttohave,sir?_________.A.OneandahalfkiloB.OneandahalfkilosC.OnekiloandhalfD.Onekilosandahalf()2.Theapplesonthattree________bigandbeautiful.A.isB.areC.looksD.can()3．—Doyouknowifhe_________toplaybasketballwithus？—Ithinkhewillcomeifhe_________freetomorrow．A．comes；isB．comes；willbeC．willcome；isD．willcome；willbe ()4.--Whendoyougetupeverymorning?--________abouthalfpastsix.A.AtB.OnC.InD.To()5.Wehavelivedinthevillagefor_________.A.twoyearsandahalfB.twoandhalfayearsC.twoyearsandhalfoneD.twoandonehalfyear()6.Hello,Park!HowwasyourtriptoXiAn,thefamouscityofChina?Oh,we________awonderfultimethere.A.havehadB.werehavingC.arehavingD.had()7.It’stoodarktoreadhere.Please___________thereadinglamp.A.turnbackB.turndownC.turnonD.turnoff()8．—Did_________ spendthewinterholidaysinBeijing？—Yes．Haven"tyouseentheirphotostakenbesidethesnowman？A．GreenB．theGreenC．GreensD．theGreens()9.________Saturday_________SundayisOKwithme.Iamalwaysfreeonthesetwodays.　A.Both,and　　　　　　　　　B.Neither,nor　C.Either,or　　　　　　　　　D.One,theother()10.Whichis_________city,Shanghai,BeijingorChengdu?      A.large       B.larger       C.largest     D.thelargest()11.Thebagissoheavy________Ihavetoasksomeoneelsetohelpme.　A.to　　　　　B.because　　　C.that　　　　D.for()12.Mr.Zhou________inXuhuiDistrictsince1999.      A.live        B.lives        C.lived       D.haslived()13.There________manysheepontheRanchoFarm.A.are　　　　B.is　　　　　　C.have　　　　D.has()14.—Doyouknow_________？—He"sTommy"sbrother．A．whoisheB．whatheisC．what"sheD．whoheis()15.—Hello，couldIspeaktoMissLi，please？—_________I"llgetherforyou．A．Holdon，please．B．I"mMissFang．C．Whoareyou？D．Sheisatwork．()16.Hismotherisill.Heisgoingto_________herathome.     A.lookat     B.lookafter   C.lookfor    D.looklike()17.“Wouldyouliketomybirthdayparty,Lili?” “_________”A.Oh,thanks,I"dloveto.B.Oh,thankyouverymuch.I"mglad.C.Yes,Ido.It"sapleasure.D.Thatisallright.()18.---Let’sgoshoppingafterlunch.---_________?A.Let’sB.WhyC.WhattobuyD.Whynot()19.Shallweleaveathalfpastfivep.m.?No,________.A.let"sgotoseethepandasB.let"smeetinsidetheparkC.let"smakeitalittleearlierD.let’sgotohavesomeicecream()20.--Theboxisheavy.Letmehelpyoutocarryit.--________,ButIcancarryitmyself.A.That’sverykindofyouB.That’sallrightC.It’sisn’tnecessaryD.Idon’tneedyourhelpⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Inthisfactorydirtywatermustbecleanedbeforeriversare________.(pollution)2.Theladyalwayslooksat________inthemirrorbeforegoingouttovisitothers.(she)3.Theweatherinspringhereis________thaninautumn.(change)4.Air,foodandwaterare________forlife.(need)5.Hewassurprisedtoseesomany________mistakesinherhomework.(correct)6.It’sa________totalkwithyou.(please)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Tomwrotethisletterlastnight.(改为否定句)Tom________________thisletterlastnight.2.CanIhelpyou？(保持句意不变)________canIdo________you?3.Thisisawhitehorse.(改为复数形式)________arewhite________.4.Willyoujoinusinthegame?IaskedWangHai…?(合并一句)IaskedWangHai________he________joinusinthegame.5.Weusuallyplanttreesinspring.(对划线部分提问)What________youusually________inspring? 语法与词汇（5）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.--Whatdidtheteachertellus_______justnow?--Nottomakeanythingintheclassroomdirty.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did()2.Weshouldmakeacontributionto________ourcountrystrongerandsafe.A.makeB.madeC.makesD.making()3.Thereare________studentsinourcollage.A.sixhundredB.sixhundredsC.sixhundredsofD.sixhundredof()4．WelcometoHangzhou，MrBaker．It"sthefirsttimeyouvisitthiscity，         ？A．isn"titB．hasn"titC．doyouD．willyou()5.Thesetrees__________.Let’sgetsomewater.　A.needtobewatered.　　　　　B.needwatered　C.havebeenwatered　　　　　　D.arewatering()6.Thisis________passage．You"dshouldreaditcarefully．A．suchagoodB．soagoodC．suchgoodaD．sogood()7.It"sreally          ofyourfamilytogiveussomuchhelp．A．kindB．helpfulC．wonderfulD．useful()8.—What"swrongwithyourTVset？—Thepicture          comeout．A．doesn"tB．won"tC．hasn"tD．can"t()9.Itonly_________him10minutes_________tohisfactoryeveryday.　A.took,todrive　　　　　　　　B.took,driveC.takes,drive　　　　　　　　　D.takes,todrive()10.Jennifer"sbrotherdidn"tworkso________astheothersdidinhisclass． A.harderB．hardC．hardestD．hardly()11.--Howlongdid________takeyoutofinishyourhomeworkyesterday?--Abouttwohours.A.thisB.thatC.theyD.it()12.HeaskedmewhereduringmytripinSoul.A.IhadgoneB.hadIstayedC.didIhaveD.Ihadbeen()13.Atrafficjamstoppedme_____hereontimeA.comeB.fromcomingC.tocomeD.came()14．--Whoishe？Isheournewchineseteacher？--I"msorry．Idon"tknow         and          heis．A．who；whatB．who；howC．how；whatD．where；how()15．--Ihopeyou"llhaveagoodtimehere．--　　　__　.A．WhynotB．SodoIC．IthinksoD．Thanksalot()16.Theteacheraskedthestudents________carefully.      A.listen     B.listens       C.listened     D.tolisten()17.--I’mafraidwehavetogohomenow.It’sgettinglate.--__________.A.It’searlyB.GoodeveningC.NevermindD.Goodbye()18.Soccerisoneof_________intheworld.A.thepopulargameB.thepopulargamesC.themostpopulargameD.themostpopulargames()19．--Timeismoney．--ButIdonotthinkmoneyis　　　_　time．A．asimportantasB．moreimportantasC．themostimportantinD．moreimportantthan()20.--Mum,I’mverythirsty.I’dliketodrink________fruitjuice.--Allright.Itisinthefridge.Help________.A.manymore,yourselvesB.muchmore,yourselfC.moremany,yourselfD.moremuch,yourselvesⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Hewenttothebarber’s________amonth.(two)2.Hemadeafew________mistakesinthetest.(care)3.The________ofEnglishisknownbyallofus.(important)4.Hey,thehandbagisnotthe________.(announce) 5.Thegirlsovertherearenew________attherestaurant.(wait)6.Theroomisfourmetersin________.(wide)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.TheheadmasterpraisedBettyforherhonesty.(改为被动语态) Betty________praisedforherhonesty________theheadmaster.2.MyfatherisaProfessor.Mymotherisaprofessor,too.(合并一句)My________are________professors.3.Suddenlythelightwasoff.(保持句意不变)Suddenlythelight________________.4.Thebookonthatshelfisnewlypublished.(对划线部分提问)________________isnewlypublished?5.MrsBrownwasmadetowaitattheschoolgateforanhour.(保持句意不变)MrsBrownwas________________attheschoolgateforanhour.语法与词汇（6）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Wemustplantasmanytreesaspossible______makeourcitycleaner.A.forB.sothatC.toD.because()2.TheTVistoonoisy.Pleasetellhim______.A. nottoforgettoturnitupB. nottoforgettoturnitdownC. tonotforgettoturnoffit D.tonotforgetturnediton()3.Howlonghaveyou_______thisfurniture？A.lentB.borrowedC．hadD．bought()4.Theycome_______Tibetwhichlies______thenorthwestofChina.A.to,toB.in,fromC.from,onD.from,in()5.Theviewtherearebetterthan________here.A.thisB.itC.theonesD.that()6.itsnowed,Igottoschoolearly.A.Although,butB.Because,C.Although,D.Because,so()7.—Howlong_____thebagpipe?—Twoyears.A.haveyouboughtB.haveyougotC.haveyouhadD.haveyoutaken()8.Whenhe_____inthecollege,shemethisprofessor.A.walkedB.haswalkedC.iswalkingD.waswalking()9.—Where"syourboss？—He_______toLosAngeles．A.wentB．isgoingC．hasgoneD．hasbeen()10.Theaeroplaneisflying_____theclouds.A.betweenB.besideC.aboveD.over()11.Footballisoneof______intheworld.A.the-popular-gameB.thepopular-gamesC.themostpopulargameD.themostpopulargames()12.Itwasveryexcitingtheplaylastnight._______A.SoitwasB.SowasitC.SoitisD.Itwasso()13.Whatisthetime_______yourwatch?A.withB.byC.onD.at()14.—What’stheweatherliketoday?—It’s_______________.A.rainB.rainingC.havingrainedD.rains()15.Wehavebeenonthisfarm_________.A.alongtimeB.foralongtimeC.inalongtimeD.sincealongtime()16.Look!Theseflowers__________.Let’sgoandtakethewater.　A.needtobewatered.　　　　B.havebeenwatered 　C.arewatering　　　　　　D.needwatered()17.Theproblemissohard________Ihavetoaskteachertohelpme.　A.to　　　　B.for　　　　　C.that　　　D.because()18.Somethingmustbewrongwiththegirl"s_______.Shecan"trunningfast.A. ears      B.arms           C.legs D.eyes ()19._________happens,Iwillgoabroad.A.HoweverB.WheneverC.WhateverD.Wherever()20.Sheaskedme________.　A.howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom　B.howmanystudentwerethereintheclassroom　C.howmanystudentsthereareintheclassroom　D.howmanystudenttherehadbeenintheclassroomⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.The________willdeliverthenoticetoyou.(message)2.Itisaclever________thattheywillputoffthemeetingtillthedayaftertomorrow.(decide)3.Pleasehelp________tothecakeonthetable,everyone.(you)4.Iwouldliketobuya________sweater.(wool)5.Everybodyhashisownwayof________.(relax)6.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold________200people.(neat)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.AllofthemareabletospeakFrench.(改为否定句)________ofthem________speakFrench.2.Themountainissohighthatnoonecanclimbit.(改为简单句)Themountainis________highfor________toclimb.3.Thetrainwillleaveintenminutes.(对划线部分提问)________________willthetrainleave?4.Youhavefinishedyourhomework,haven’tyou?Whatdidheask?(改为宾语从句)Heasked________I________finishedmyhomeworkornot.5.TheT-shirtcost10dollars.(对划线部分提问)How________________theT-shirtcost? 语法与词汇（7）()1.Ihave_____seensuchfunnystory.A.alreadyB.yetC.everD.never()2.--Excuseme,_______youtellmethetime?--Sorry.Ihaven’twatchnow.A.CanB.NeedC.MustD.Shall()3.Youcangotoplayfootballassoonasyourcomposition_____A.tillbefinishedB.isfinishedC.finishesD.hasfinished()4.--Don"tforgetto______yourumbrellaherenexttime.--Iwon"t.A.takeB.bringC.getD.catch()5.Thecard_____”MerryChristmas!”A.writesB.tellsC.speaksD.says()6.--MayItryon______T-shirt?Thisoneistoosmallformetowear.--Certainly.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another()7.—Couldyoulookaftermyhouseintheholiday？—__________．A.It"sverykindofyouB．Certainly．HereyouareC．Sure．WithpleasureD．Sure．Giveittome()8.DrWanghad______lastSunday.A.quitebusyB.aquitebusydayC.quiteabusydayD.busyaquiteday()9.Iwanttoknow_________Marystilllivesinhospital.　A.that　　B.if　　　C.weather　　D.where()10.Thereis_____waterhere，buttherearequite____emptyglasses．A．little；afewB．little；alittle C．few，littleD．few，afew()11.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto____________.A.stoptotalk    B.stopstalking    C.bestoppingtotalk   D.stoptalking()12.Itonly_________her15minutes_________toherschooleveryday.　A.took,driving　　　　B.takes,todrive　C.took,todrive　　　　D.takes,drive()13.Yoursisterdid_____worsethaninthechemistryexamlastweek.A.tooB.evenC.soD.very()14.Look!MsWhite________footballontheplayground.      A.played  B. plays      C.isplayingD.willplay()15.WehavealreadyknowMrWangfor.A.twoandahalfyearB.twoandahalfyearsC.twoandhalfyearD.twoandhalfyears()16.--Whichdoyoulike______,strawberryorwatermelon?--Ofcourse,strawberry.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well()17.Aloughitwasverycoldoutside,______stoppedclimbingthemountain.A.someofusB.anyofusC.noneofusD.nobodyofus()18.Areyou_______inthe_______operalastnight?A.interested,interestedB.interesting,interestingC.interested,interestingD.interesting,interested()19.NoonebutI______allaboutit.A.knowB.haven’tknownC.knowsD.don’tknow()20.Thereisa“_____________”signoverthere,soyoucan’tputyoubicycleinthatplace.A．NOPARKINGB．NOPHOTOSC．DANGERD．STOPⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Everybodymustdomoreexerciseandkeep________.(health)2.TheGreetWallrunsacrossthe________partofChina.(north)3.Eachofthe________willbegivenaVCDplayer.(win)4.XiaoYuquan’s________madeusverysad.(die)5.Yourplanisfullof________.(imagine)6.Thechildrenareskatinghappilyonthe________river.(freeze) Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Myfatherworkedasafarmertwenty-fiveyearsago.(改为特殊疑问句)________________yourfatherworkastwenty-fiveyearsago?2.Hechosetwostorybookstheotherday.(改为被动语态)Twostorybooks________________byhimtheotherday.3.Theteacherasked,‘Haveyoufinishedyourcomposition,Bill?’(保持句意不变)TheteacheraskedBill________he________finishedhiscomposition.4.TheAmericanhadtogiveuphalfway.(改为反意疑问句)TheAmericanhadtogiveuphalfway,________________?5.It’s10minutes’walkfromheretothestation.(对划线部分提问)________________isitfromheretothestation?语法与词汇（8）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Mycousingetup______halfpastsixeverymorning.A.OnB.InC.AtD.with()2.Ifyouhavelostthebookofthelibrary,youmust____it.A.paytoB.payforC.costofD.costfrom()3.Thewitchcame______withanideaatlast.A.atB.toC.onD.up()4.—Whenshallwemakethenextappointment？ —Makeit_______dayyoulike．A．oneB．someC．anyD．another()5.There________manyfishintheNile.　A.is　　　　　B.are　　　　C.has　　　　　D.have()6.Wearesittinginabigsofa_________.Theroomis_________andsmellsgood.　A.uncomfortable,empty　　　　　B.uncomfortably,full　C.comfortably,tidy　　　　　　D.comfortable,clean()7.Wespendasmuchtimeaswecan______English.A.havereadB.readingC.toreadD.read()8.What’sthe_____countryonearth?A.bigB.biggestC.largeD.larger()9.Howmanyplaces____you_____sofar?A.have,beeninB.have,beentoC.have,goneinD.have,goneto()10.Theaccidenthappened________arainymorningintheweekbeforelast.　A.at　　　　　B.on　　　　　C.in　　　　　　D.by()11.________Ifailedthistime,Iwon’tlosemyconfidence.A.AlthoughB.ButC.SoD.Because()12.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—Iwant_____________meat.A.OneandahalfkiloB.OneandahalfkilosC.OnekiloandhalfD.Oneandhalfkilo()13.Doyouknowthegirl________thepinkdress?　A.on　　　　　B.puttingon　C.having　　　D.wearing()14.It’s____hardproblemforthetwostudentsthat____ofthemcanworkitout.A.soa,someB.sucha,neitherC.so,neitherD.such,none()15.--How______haveyouwenttothelibrary??--Twiceaweek.A.longB.oftenC.manyD.far()16.____wellshesings!Allofusarelosingourselvesinit.A.HowB.HowaboutC.WhatD.Whatlike()17.There_____anybodyintheclassroom.Theroomisdarkness.A.canbenotB.cannotbeC.becannotD.cannothave()18.ThepopulationofChinaismuch_______ofAmerica.A.morethanB.morelargerthanC.biggerthanthatD.biggerthan()19.Four_______thestudentsinourcollegewillgraduatenextyear. A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof()20.It"sreally_________ofyoutogiveussomuchhelp．A．helpfulB．kindC．kindnessD．usefulⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Mary’sanswerwas________,butminewasright.(correct)2.Iwanttomake________studyinAmerica.(far)3.Themotherwas________totheyoungladyforofferingtheseat.(thank)4.Heknowsverywellthenewswill________thewholenation.(affection)5.Wewereverysadwhenweknowthattheconcerttickets________.(sell)6.Thebabyhasfallen________.(sleep)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.(改为反意疑问句)Someoneisknockingatthedoor,________________?2.I’msurethattheyhadareadingcontest.(保持句意不变)They________________hadareadingcontest.3.TheteacherhavebeentotheCenturyPark.Maryhasbeenthere,too.(改为否定句)________theteachers________MaryhasbeentotheCenturyPark.4.Hetoldmethathehadpassedtheexamination.(使句意相反) Hetoldmethathe________________theexamination.5.Theyhavebuiltanothernewroadthere.(改为被动语态)Anothernewroad________________builtthere. 语法与词汇（9）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）（）1.Theliftis_________usefultoolinourdailylife.A.aB.anC.theD./（）2.Mrs.KingisaJapaneselivinginShanghaiforthreemonths,soshecanspeakonly_____Chinese.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle（）3.It’sbesttogoforpicnicinspring.It’s_____cold_____hot.A.both,andB.either,orC.neither,orD.neither,nor（）4.Theteachertellus_______everythingintheclassroomcleanjustnow?A.makingB.madeC.makeD.tomake（）5.Youcouldn’tletTonycarrysoheavyboxbecauseheis____boy.A.a11-year–oldB.a11-years–oldC.an11-year-oldD.an11-years-old（）6.IfwewanttolearnEnglishwell,weshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan______English.A.readingB.toreadC.readingD.haveread（）7.NeitherInorshe________adoctor.A.isB.amC.areD.tobe（）8.Isthere______intoday’seveningnews?A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportantD.anythingimportant（）9.Ted"squite     ______    physics，butheneverdropsit．A．tiredofB．interestedinC．goodatD．weakin（）10.Myfather_________onehundredyuanforthistoolbecausehethinkit"s_________．A．cost；dearB．paid；interestingC．took；goodD．spent；useful（）11.Doyouknow________?A.whatcolourthecarpetisB.thecarpetiswhatcolour C.whatcolouristhecarpetD.isthecarpetwhatcolour（）12.Arrivinglate,hequietlysatattheback,________hisnotebookandbegantowrite.　A.tookaway　　B.tookdown　　C.tookoff　　　D.tookout（）13.I_________himtocallyouassoonashe_________.　A.ask,comes　　　　　　　　　　B.ask,willcome　C.willask,comes　　　　　　　D.willask,willcome（）14.--MustIfixthetapenow? --No,you________.Youmaydoitlater.      A.shouldn"t    B.mustn"t      C.needn"t      D.can’t（）15._________thetimeIgotthecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.A.InB.BeforeC.ByD.During（）16.Idon’tfeellike_________justnow.A.tostudyB.studyC.studyingD.studied（）17.Ofallthefourdresses,whichdoyouthinkis________?　A.mostbeautiful　　　　　　　　B.themostbeautiful　C.morebeautiful　　　　　　　　D.themorebeautiful（）18.Hermotherisill,sosheisgoingto_________herinthehospital.     A.  lookfor     B.lookafter   C. lookon      D.lookat（）19.—________badweather！—Yes，anditwilllast　　　　．A.Whata；twodaysB.How；fortwodaysC.What；twodaysD.How；twodayslong（）20.—Lucydidn"tcometotheofficeyesterday，didshe？—_________，thoughshewasnotfeelingverywell．A．Yes，shedidB．No，shedidn"tC．Yes，shedidn"tD．No，shedidⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Hisgrandmais________personamongthoseoldladies.(health)2.What’swrongwithyou?Youoftenlook________.(sleep)3.Tothedoctor’ssurprise,thepatient’seyeswere________open.(wide)4.Todayourlifeisfullof________.(happy)5.Icansayhefoundit________.(accident)6.Hesaidthewholestoryfrom________.(memory) Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Tom’sgrandfatherdied10yearsago.(保持句意不变)Tom’sgrandfatherhasbeen________________10years.2.Hegoestovisithisgrandparentstwiceaweek.(对划线部分提问)________________doeshegotovisithisgrandparents?3.Yourdormitoryisverybright.(改为感叹句)________________yourdormitoryis!4.HetoldusnothingaboutAmericayesterday.(改为反意疑问句)HetoldusnothingaboutAmericayesterday,________________?5.Tomsaid:‘Iwillgototheparktomorrow.’(改为宾语从句)Tomsaid________________gototheparktomorrow.语法与词汇（10）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）（）1.Thereis_________ATM(AutomaticTellerMachine)oneachsideoftherode.A.aB.anC.theD./（）2.--Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee？--Oh，yes，please．I"dlove________．A．itB．oneC．anyD．something（）3.Theapplesonthattree______bigandnice.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.looks（）4.MrsWhiteoftenbythings_________sale. A.atB.onC.inD.for（）5.--Jim，whyareyoulateagain?--Sorry,MrSmith.I _________ toomuchthismorning．A．sleptB．sleepC．havesleptD．amsleeping（）6.Whenwintercomes,_______getscolderandcolder.A.thedayB.daysC.itD.its（）7.People______gotothemarketstobuylivechickenstocook,butnowtheyhavetochangethathabit.A.usetoB.usedtoC.areusingtoD.areusedto（）8._____thepopulationoftheChina?A.WhatnumberisB.HowmuchisC.WhatisD.Howmanyare（）9.It’salongtime________wemetlast.A．soB．beforeC．afterD．since（）10.Thepassageistoohardforustounderstand_________it"sveryshortandtherearenonewwordsinit．A．soB．thoughC．becauseD．and（）11.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatlightfasterthansound.A.traveledB.havetraveledC.totravelD.travels（）12.Thetravelersarrived_______thecountry_______arainyday.A.in,onB.at,inC.in,inD.at,on（）13.Weshouldmakeacontributionto_______ourcountrystronger.A.makeB.makesC.makingD.made（）14.Ourteamissostrongerthatwe"ll_______theminthematch．A．beatB．playagainstC．fightD．win（）15.Wegotlostintheforest.Butwedidn’tknow________.A.whattodoB..whentodoChowtodoD.wheretodo（）16.It’sthehouse_________Iwasborn.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when（）17.You"dbetter______inbed.It"snotgoodforyoureyes.A.don"treadB.notreadC.nottoreadD.tonotread（）18.Oh!Iforgottobringmypaperagain.I_______itathome.A.leftB.forgotC.putD.lost（）19.TheremustbesomethingwrongwithmyTVset,thepicture________ comeout．A．doesn"tB．hasn"tC．can"tD．won"t （）20.Kidsshouldbetold_____toget_____wellwith_____.A.how;on;othersB.what;on;anotherC.how;in;theotherD.what;out;anyothersⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Theweatheris________attheSouthPole.(change)2.Most________hasthreestates:solid,liquidandvapor.3.Thereisan________mistakesinTim’spaper.(correct)4.Attheturnofseasonswecanfindmanyclotheson________.(sell)5.His________costhislife.(care)6.Manypeopleinmycompanygavemetheir________address.(person)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Hewasn’tabletopasstheexam.(保持句意不变)He________________passtheexam.2.LiMingdidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.(改为简单句)LiMingdidn’tgotoschoolbecause________his________.3.Hecouldrunonethousandmetersin4minutes.(对划线部分提问)________________couldherunin4minutes?4.Ifyoueatmore,youwillbefatterandfatter.(保持句意不变)The________youeat,the________youwillbe.5.Willyoupleasereaditagainmorecarefully?(改为祈使句)________________againmorecarefully,please.语法与词汇（1）I、1.D2.D3.B4.C5.D6.C7.D8.A9.B10.D11.B12.A13.D14.C15.D16.C17.D18.A19.A20.AII、1.kindness2.clear3.freezing4.beginning5.pleasure6.interestingIII、1.know,heavy2.How,much3.better,than4.What.lose5.How,beautiful语法与词汇（2） I、1.A2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.B9.A10.B11.C12.C13.D14.D15.B16.B17.D18.C19.A20.BII、1.unusual2.third3.serve4.expense5.certain6.HonestyIII、1.spent,building2.if,freezes3.tall,enough4.Nobody,was5.instead,of语法与词汇（3）I、1.C2.C3.B4.C5.B6.B7.B8.B9.B10.C11.A12.C13.B14.C15.C16.A17.B18.B19.A20.DII、1.healthy2.medical3.angrily4.frozen5.scientists6.incorrectIII、1.as,well2.didn’t,he3.an,with4.what,try5.Did,spend语法与词汇（4）I、1.B2.B3.C4.A5.A6.A7.C8.D9.C10.D11.C12.D13.A14.D15.A16.B17.A18.C19.C20.AII、1.polluted2.gerself3.morechangeable4.necessary5.uncorrected6.pleasureIII、1.didn’t,write2.What,for3.These,horses4.whether,would5.do,plant语法与词汇（5）I、1.B2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.D10.B11.D12.D13.C14.A15.D16.D17.C18.D19.A20.BII、1.twice2.careless3.importance4.announcer’s5.waitress6.widthIII、 1.was,by2.parents,both3.turned,off4.Which,book5.kept,waiting语法与词汇（6）I、1.C2.B3.C4.C5.C6.A7.C8.D9.C10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.B16.A17.C18.C19.C20.CII、1.messenger2.decision3.yourselves4.woolen5.relaxation6.nearlyIII、1.None,can2.too,anyone3.How,soon4.whether,have5.much,does语法与词汇（7）I、1.C2.A3.B4.B5.B6.D7.C8.C9.C10.A11.D12.B13.B14.C15.B16.B17.C18.C19.A20.AII、1.healthy2.north3.winner4.death5.imagination6.frozenIII、1.What,did2.were,chosen3.if,had4.didn’t,they5.How,far语法与词汇（8）I、1.A2.B3.D4.D5.A6.C7.B8.B9.B10.B11.A12.A13.C14.B15.B`16.A17.B18.C19.A20.BII、1.incorrected2.farther3.thankful4.affect5.hadbeensold6.asleepIII、1.isn’t,he2.make,mistakes3.both,and4.hadn’t,passed5.has,been语法与词汇（9）I、1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.A8.D9.D10.B 11.A12.D13.D14.C15.C16.C17.B18.B19.C20.AII、1.thehealthiest2.sleepy3.widely4.happiness5.accidently6.memorizeIII、1.away,for2.How,often3.How,bright4.didn’t,he5.he,would语法与词汇（10）I、1.B2.A3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D10.B11.D12.D13.C14.A15.A16.B17.B18.C19.A20.AII、1.changeable2.matter3.uncorrected4.sale5.carelessness6.personalIII、1.failed,to2.of,illness3.How,far4.more,fatter5.Please,read二语法与词汇（11）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.OurMonitoraswellashisparents______neartheschool.A.liveB.lives C.arelivingD.lived()2.As______,you’vemadeamistakehere.A.heldB.heldoutC.heldupD.heldon()3.Theydidn’tdecidewhichhotel______.A.tostayB.tostayatC.theywouldstayD.wouldtheystay()4.Inoticedanoldman______theroomafewminutesago.A.enteredB.enteredintoC.toenterD.enter()5.Smokingmakesmyfather______alot.A.coughB.tocoughC.coughingD.coughed()6.Thepriceofacomputeris______.A.expensiveB.highC.cheapD.small()7.Idon’tthinkthisisagoodidea.Hashegot______idea?A.anyotherB.anyoneC.theotherD.someanother()8.Itwasgettinglate,sowesetout______.A.tohomeB.athomeC.forhomeD.home()9.Studystillharder.______youwon’tbeabletopasstheexamnextweek.A.andB.thenC.orD./()10.–Doyouthinkyourroomisbiggerthanhis?–______.A.Idon’tthink.B.Yes,heis.C.No,Idon’tthinkso.D.Yes,Ithinkhisisbigger.()11.–Idon’tgotoschoolbybicycle.–______mysister.A.NeitherdoB.NeitherdoesC.SodoD.Sodoes()12.Mymotherthinkstheseshirtswillfither______well.A.moreB.quiteC.mostD.as()13.About______ofthestudentsinourschoolgotoschoolboybikeeveryday.A.two-thirdB.two-threeC.twothirdsD.two-thirds()14.Theywanttoknow______.A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycryingA.Idon’tthink.B.Yes,heis.C.No,Idon’tthinkso.D.Yes,Ithinkhisisbigger.()15.Theman______thefactoryisfromBeijing.A.inchargeofB.inthechargeofC.isinchargeofD.isinthechargeof()16.______usefuladvicetheteacherhasgivenis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa()17.Therearesomeapplesonthedesk.______ofthem______sweet. A.None…isB.Neither…isC.Both…isD.All…is()18.Therearetreeson______sidesoftheroad.A.eachB.bothC.eitherD.neither()19.Itwas______fineweatherthatthestudentsofClassFourenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.A.suchaB.soC.soaD.such()20.Wemustcleanthedirtywaterinsteadof______itoutA.letB.letsC.toletD.lettingⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Theteacher________ustostudyhard.(advice)2.Whathesaidsounded________.(excite)3.It’smore________totakeashipthantotakeatrain.(convenience)4.Edisonmademanyimportant________inhislife.(invent)5.Howmany________oflettersarethereeveryday?(collect)6.Thequestionwhichyouaskedmejustnowisofno________.(important)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Tomhardlyunderstoodthemeaningofthiswood.(改为反意疑问句)Tomhardlyunderstoodthemeaningofthiswood,________________?2.Thenewbridgewillbebuiltinthreemonths.(对划线部分提问)________________willthenewbridgebebuilt?3.Ican’tdecideifIwillgotomyfriend’sbirthdayparty.(保持句意不变)Ican’tdecide________________gotomyfriend’sbirthdayparty.4.TheyarethemostbeautifuldrawingsIhaveevenseen.(保持句意不变)Ihave________seen________beautifuldrawings.5.Nothingcanliveifthereisnowaterorair.(保持句意不变)Nothingcanlive________water________air. 语法与词汇（12）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Theseareonlypartofmypostcards.Ihavegotmany______athome.A.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.other()2.Pleasetellus______theywillgotoFrancetospendthissummerholiday.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.if()3.We’llgotovisittheEastPearl______nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()4.Jackgotalotofparents______themorningofDec.25A.atB.inC./D.on()5.MysisterhaslearnedEnglishforonly______months,butshecanspeak______Englishnow.A.afew…littleB.afew…alittleC.few…alittleD.little…afew()6.Hewasseen______fromthehospitalyesterday.A.ranawayB.torunawayC.runawayD.runningaway()7.Wethink______righttoflightagainstpollution.A.thatB.thisC.itD.its()8.Fatherwantedtoknow______next.A.howtodoB.whattodoitC.whattodoD.iftodoit()9.Ican’ttell______ornot.A.ifheneedanyhelpB.ifheneedsanyhelpC.whetherheneedsanyhelpD.whetherheneedanyhelp()10.Couldyoupleasetellmeif______tomorrow?A.MarycomesB.doesMarycomeC.MarywouldcomeD.Marywillcome()11.Thepoormanhas______inbedfortwodays.Hehasnomoneytoseeadoctor.A.laidB.layC.lainD.lied()12.Wecanseeten______peopledoingmorningexercisesthereatthesquareeveryday.A.hundredB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundredof()14.Thoughit’sgettingdark,he’sstillnotsure______togoorstay.A.whereB.whetherC.whenD.what()15.Heremembered______thelightbeforehewenttobed.A.turnedoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturnoff()16.Many______mewhenIcameoutofthestation.A.waitsforB.waitedforC.waswaitingforD.iswaitingfor()17.Noonecan______weatherthestoriesaboutUFOsaretrueornot. A.sayB.tellC.talkD.speak()18.Theywerevery______becauseofthe______news.A.excited,excitingB.exciting,excitedC.excitedly,excitingD.excitingly,excited()19.IwilldoallwhatIcan______youtolearnEnglishwell.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp()20.Whodoyouthink______himangry?A.madeB.makeC.tomakeD.makingⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.________isveryimportantforpeople.(honest)2.Ourmonitormadeafew________mistakesinthemathstest.(care)3.His________surprisedusall.(arrive)4.Somechildrenwill________catchacoldinspring.(easy)5.Arethereanytaxi________inthesmallcity?(serve)6.Itis________forhimtofinishwritingthecompositionin5minutes.(possible)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Allofthestudentsareontheplaygroundatthemoment.(改为否定句)________ofthestudents________ontheplaygroundatthemoment.2.Manycountriesmakelawstofightpollution.(改为被动语态)Laws________________bymanycountriestofightpollution.3.Theteacherspraisedthegirlforherhardwork.(对划线部分提问)________wasthegirlpraised________forherhardwork?4.Doyourememberwhattimewewillgotomorrow?(改为简单句)Doyourememberwhattime________________tomorrow.5.TianAnMenSquareisverymagnificent.(改为感叹句)________________TianAnMenSquareis! 语法与词汇（13）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Grannylookedforherbook,butshecouldn’tfindit_____.A.somewhereB.everywhereC.anywhereD.nowhere()2.Themantookawaythedictionarybutdidnot______.　A.payitB.payforitC.costitD.spendit()3.HowlongmayI______thehistorybooks?　A.keepB.lendC.borrowD.return()4.She______anEnglishteacher.　A.usestoB.usedtoC.usetobeD.usedtobe()5.Onedaythelibrarian______anidea.　A.cameupB.camewithC.cameupwithD.cameupto()6.Myhobbyis______allkindsofcoins.　A.tocollectB.collectingC.topickupD.pickingup()7.Mypostcardisstillonthedesk.Why______you______it?　A.haven"t,postedB.didn"t,postC.wasn"tpostingD.won"t,post()8.Theman____Francewillgiveusatalk____hiscountry.　A.from,onB.of,inC.of,aboutD.from,of()9.Heistoooldto______thenameofthatbook.　A.pickupB.thinkofC.comeupD.fillin()10.Idon’tknowwhereMr.Whitehasgone.You’dbetterask____.　A.elsesomebodyB.othersomebodyC.somebodyelseD.anybodyelse()11.Father______thecityofNewYorkthreedaysago.　A.leaveB.lefttoC.leftoffD.leftfor()12.Tom______therefor10monthssincehe______backtohishometown.　A.haslived,getsB.haslived,gotC.lived,goD.lived,hasgot()13.Thefilmisvery___.Tomisvery____.A.exciting,excitedB.excited,excitingC.exciting,excitingD.excited,excited ()14.____theweatherwillbeliketomorrow,weIIgosurfing.　A.NomatterhowB.Nomatterwhat"sC.NomatterwhatD.Nomatterif()15.Therivernearourvillageisabout____long.A.Sthree-hundreds-metresB.three-hundred-metreC.three-hundred-metresD.threehundredmetres()16.It"s____goodfoodthatwealllikeitverymuch.　A.soaB.suchaC.soD.such()17.Lindawilllookafterthechildren_____we’reaway.　　A.thatB.duringC.whileD.where()18.－____haveyoubeenatthisfactory?－I"vebeenheresince1993.A.WhenB.HowlongC.Whattime　　D.Howoften()19.What______justnow?　　A.washappened　B.werehappened　　C.happenedD.happens()20.IwanttovisitEngland______.　　A.ifitpossible　B.assoonpossible　C.assoonaspossibleD.ifpossibleⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Therearemanykindsofoutdoor________suchascampingandtraveling.(act)2.Wecan’tlivewithoutair.Airkeepus__________.(live)3.Therearemanyinteresting________intoday’snewspaper.(article)4.Iliketheflatwithtwo________.(balcony)5.Itisveryhot.Thesunshines________anditisnicetohaveice-cream.(bright)6.Ihavelostoneofthe________ofmycoat.Isewedanewonejustnow.(button)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.HersisterhassixclasseseverydayfromMondaytoFriday.(改成一般疑问句)________hersister_______sixclasseseverydayfromMondaytoFriday?2.TheboyintheriverisMrGreen’sson.（对画线部分提问）______________isMrGreen’sson?3.Peopletheredidn’tplantanytreeslastyear.(同义句转换)______trees______plantedbypeopletherelastyear.4.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.(连成一个宾语从句)Heaskedtheboys_______they_______friedchickens. 5.Allarehere,butourEnglishteacherisn’t.(同义句转换)_______ishere______ourEnglishteacher.语法与词汇（14）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Whenyou____thestreet,youmustlookfirst.　　A.acrossB.gocrossC.crossD.goesacross()2.Look!Mrs.Greenistalking____thestudentsofClassIontheground.A.amongB.inthemiddleofC.betweenD.at()3.Herteacherthinks____other.　A.highB.highlyC.wellD.good()4.---Haveyoufinishedyourhomework_____?---No,not_____.A.already,alreadyB.yet,yetC.already,yetD.yet,already()5.Neitheryouorhe______Hawaiibefore.　A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.havebeentoD.hasbeento()6.Xi"anisveryfamous______TerraCottaWarriors.　A.toB.ofC.inD.for()7.Allofusexcepthim_______toBeijing.　　A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.hasbeen()8.Assoonashe____,hewillwritetome.A.arrivesatB.arrivesC.reachesD.gets()9.Whodraw______Jack?A.sowellasB.aswellas　C.sobetterthanD.asgoodas ()10.Thegirlhadashortrestanddidherhomework______shereachedhome.　A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since()11.There______aparknearourschoolsincetwoyearsago.　　A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe()12.Whatdoyouthinkweshould________improveourenvironment?　　　A.doB.toC.doforD.doto()13.Wefindthebookvery______.　　A.interestB.interesting　　C.interestsD.interested()14.UncleWanghasbeenhere______tenyearsago.　A.forB.sinceC.inD.at()15.Theweatherwas______itistoday.A.notaswetterasB.notwetterthan　C.morewetterthanD.wetteras()16.Thelittleboywas________withthebigboybecausehewas____wordstohim.A.fond,speakingB.angry,sayingC.angry,talking　　D.friendly,telling()17.Wedon"tknowIfit_____.Ifit_____,wewon"tgooutforawalk.A.rains,willrainB.rains,rainsC.willrain,willrain　D.willrain,rains()18.It"sdifficult_____yoursoundbecausethenoiseistoohigh.A.tolisten　B.toknow　C.tolearnD.tohear()19.Hesays____hewillbebacksoon.A.when　B.what　C.that　　D.where()20.Hetoldavery____storyabouthislifeinAmerica.　　A.live　　B.living　　C.lively　　D.lifeⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Theboyis__________six.Soheisoldenoughtogotoschool.(age)2.Hewas________atmewhenIsuddenlywentintohisroom.(amazing)3.Iwaslatethismorning.Iam________sorryforit.(awful)4.Thefishhasalotof________init.Youshouldbecarefully.(bone)5.Theleavesonthetreesare________greeninspring.(brightly)6.Wouldyouhavesomemore________?Itisgoodforyourhealth.(carrot)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Theyplantmanytreesonthehilleveryspring.（改为被动语态）Manytrees _______________onthehilleveryspring.2.IhavelearnedEnglishforsixyears.           （改为同义句） Itissixyears________I________tolearnEnglish.3.Becauseoftheheavytraffic,theycouldn’tgettoschoolontime.（改为同义句）Theheavytraffic________themfrom________atschoolontime. 4.Doyoulikeplayingfootball? Theywanttoknow. （变成一个句子）They________________Ilikeplayingfootball.5.Thebabywokeupeverythreehours.           （对划线部分提问）______________didthebabywakeup?语法与词汇（15）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Ifyoudon"tgetupearly,you"II____thebus.　　A.notmiss　B.miss　　C.catch　D.lost()2.Howlong____it___togotherebytrain?　　A.do,take　B.does,take　C.does,spend　　D.does,play()3.Ayoungmanpractised______EnglishwithMrGreen.　A.speak　B.speakingC.tospeak　　D.speakin()4.ShesaysshecangettoTian’anmenfromWangfujingbybike_____tenminutes.A.afterB.inC.beforeD.about()5.Weshouldhelpherwhensheis________.　　A.introubleB.inatrouble　C.inthetroubleD.introubles()6.Thepolicemankeptthethief________forfourhours.　　A.standingB.tostandC.tositD.siting()7.They______HongKongtwice.　　 A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havebeeninD.havegonein()8.Ihaveneverseen_____filmbefore.A.asointerestingB.asuchinterestingC.soainterestingD.suchaninteresting()9.EveryonewenttothezoolastSunday______Jim.　　A.but　　B.not　　C.except　D.besides()10.Ifyoumisssomanylessons,youmustfallbehind____classmates.A.anotherB.theothersC.otherD.theother()11.______didLinTaosayaboutMountEmei?　　A.What　B.How　　C.When　D.Why()12.I’mafraid______youmaybelate.　　A.when　B.that　　C.why　　D.how()13.I______abletosinganysongbutthisone.　　A.mayB.canC.amD.would()14.Everybodyishere_______JimGreen.　　A.asB.withC.onD.except()15.Whichofthesedoyouthinkis____usefulinvention?A.themoreB.thesecondmoreC.mostD.thesecondmost()16.－Whendidyou______thebooktothelibrary?－Yesterdayafternoon.　A.borrowB.lendC.giveD.return()17.Englishteachersoftenencouragethestudents_______Englishaloud.　A.readB.readingC.toreadD.readed()18.－______heever______abroad?　－No,never.　A.Did,goB.Is,beenC.Has,beenD.Has,gone()19.Canyou______whohaslostthewatch?　A.lookforB.lookupC.findD.findout()20.Heistoooldto______thenameofthatbook.　A.pickupB.thinkofC.comeupD.fillinⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Doyouknowtherearemany________overourcity?(airline)2.She’s________clever.Sheknowswhatyoumeant.(amazing)3.Ifeel________becauseIdidn’tpassthefinalexam.(awfully)4.Thelittleboysavedtheoldmanintheriver________.(brave) 5.Hismotherandsisterarebothfamous________inShanghai.(business)6.Takeanumbrellawithyouona________day.Justincaseitsuddenlystartstorain.(cloud)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.There’slittletimetogoforawalk.（改成反意疑问句）There’slittletimetogoforawalk,________?2.Wecancutpaperwithscissors.（同义句转换）__________wecutpaper?3.It’sfuntotakeajourneyalongYangziRiver.（改成感叹句）_________itistotakeajourneyalongYangziRiver.4.MyfatherbegantoworkinShenzhenseveralyearsago.（同义句转换）Myfather________inShenzhenforseveralyears.5.Theteachertoldusthatwewouldnotplayfootballinthestreet.（同义句转换）Theteachertoldus_________playfootballinthestreet.语法与词汇（16）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Doyouknowwhere______from?　　A.hecomeB.hecomesC.didhecomeD.doeshecame()2.Ourteachersawus______onthedesksandwentoutoftheclassroom.　A.tositB.satC.sitingD.sitting()3.I______mathsandscience.　A.interestB.aminteresting C.aminterestedD.aminterestedin()4.Davidwasborn_____.A.sincetwentyyearsagoB.fortwentyyearsC.twentyyearsagoD.justovertwentyyears()5.Mike_____hishomeworkthreehoursago.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.isfinishingD.isgoingtofinish()6.Allancutthebigbirthdaycake_____smallpieces.　　A.asB.toC.intoD.in()7.Whenhewasachild,hewasalways_______outnewideas.　A.tryB.tryingC.takingD.tried()8.Wereyouborn______May21,1974?　A.inB.onC.fromD.at()9.It’sverykind____you_____lendyourbiketome.　　A.of,toB.for,inC.for,toD.of,in()10.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblack.　A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.theothers()11.“______doyouwritetoyourparents?”“Onceamonth.”A.HowlongB.HowmuchC.HowfarD.Howoften()12.Heaskedwhowas_______inyourclass.　　A.theoldestB.oldestC.olderD.theolder()13.Theteachertoldus______Exercise1inourexercisebooks.　　A.doB.todoC.doingD.does()14.Ifound_____verydifficulttolearnmathswell.　　A.whatB.itC.thatD.this()15.I"m______totroubleyou.　　A.gladB.afraid　　C.fear　　D.sorry()16.－Pleasewritetomewhenyouhavetime.－Sure.But________isyourE-mailaddress?A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which()17.Itis_______toworkoutthisproblem.Youneedn"tgototheteacher.A.enougheasyB.easilyenoughC.easy,enoughD.veryeasily()18.Thevisitorsarevery______toseesomanychanges_______inShenzhensin-ce1979. A.surprise;havebeentakenplaceB.surprising,tookplaceC.surprised,havebeentakenplaceD.surprised,havetakenplace()19.WhenIgottohishome,he________foranhour.A.hadleftB.leftC.hadbeenawayD.hasbeenaway()20.Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Thatmeans,he_______work14hoursaday.A.wasmadeB.madeC.wasmakingD.wasmadetoⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Mysisterandherclassmates________theirpresentswhentheymetagain.(change)2.Ifyouwearapairof________shoes,youmaywalkfarther.(uncomfortable)3.The________singinglessonsmadeeveryonehappy.(enjoy)4.Beeshaveseveralwaysof_________.(communicate)5.Tousehairdryerinthebathroomis________.(danger)6.Ican’tseewell.Wouldyoupleaseturnonthe________light?(electricity)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Heputhishandinthebagtotakeoutthemoney.______he______hishandinthebagtotakeoutthemoney?(改为一般疑问句)2.Lindaisalwaystiredofstayingathomealone.Lindaalways____________athomealone.(同义句转换)3.Kenhaslunchattheschoolinsteadofathome.Ken_____________lunchattheschoolinsteadofathome.(变为否定句)4.ThisbookisthemostinterestingofallthebooksontheshelfThisbookisthe______________ofallthebooksontheshelf(改为否定句)5.Peteris150centimetrestall,soismike.Mikeisthesame____________Peter.(同义句转换) 语法与词汇（17）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.Hedroppedthe_______andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup()2.Therearethree______andseven_______inthepicture.A.deers,sheepsB.deers,sheepC.deer,sheepD.deer,sheeps()3.Lucyhasbeento_________manytimesthisyear.A.hisuncleb.herunclesC.uncle’sD.heruncle’s()4.Theboysalwaysstaysherefor_________>A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandhalfahourc.oneandahalfhoursD.oneandhalfhours()5.Thedinosaur’seggsarefoundbyexplorersinthe_______A.1920sB.1920’sC.1920s’D.1920’()6._______myparents’help,Ibegintocatchup_______myclassmates.A.With,toB.Under,withC.With,withD.To,to()7.—Doyouknowthedifferences________thethreewords?--Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.amongB.betweenC.withD.about()8.—Whatelsedoyouwant?—________else.IthinkIhavegoteverythingready.A.SomethingB.NothingC.Anythingd.Everything()9.Studyhard,_______youwillfallbehindtheothers.A.andB.butc.orD.though()10.30,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney,butit’s_______thanweneed.A.farmoreB.verymuchc.farlessD.verylittle()11.Thetwofriendswere______pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.A.soB.tooC.veryd.much()12.Howlonghaveyou_______?A.marriedB.bemarriedC.gotmarriedD.beenmarried()13.Wecouldseenothingbecausethelightssuddenly_______.A.wentonB.wentoverc,wentdownD.wentout()14.Wouldyoupleasespeakmoreslowly?Icanhardly______you.A.talkwithB.agreewithc.followD.hear()15.–Peoplenowcanknowwhatishappeningintheworldquickly.--You’reright.Withthehelpofcomputers,newscan______everycornerofthe world.A.getB.reachC.returnD.arrive()16.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn______therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.wasC.areD.were()17.I’msorryIhaven’tgotanymoney.I’ve______myhandbagathome.A.missedB.leftC.putD.forgot()18.Iheardhe_______thepianointheroomlastnight.A.playedB.playsC.toplayD.playing()19.Noonecanstopnews_______.A.toreportB.tobereportc,fromreportingD.beingreported()20.–Hi,Kate!–Hi,Mary.I______youarehere.A.don’tknowB.don’tthinkC,thinkD.didn’tknowⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Allofuswilltakepartinthisyear’sEnglishSpeaking________,exceptAlice,thechampionoflastyear.(compete)2.Therepairmanisgoodatfixing________things.(electric)3.Manypeople________fromrecentcaraccidentsonhighways.(death)4.Thescientificand________filmsaboutUFOsaretooamazingtobelieve.(education)5.His________washeavierthanMountTai.(die)6.Luckily,thepainhas________,Icanmovenow.(appear)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.ThebirdcostJackfiftydollars.(改为否定句)Thebird _______________________Jackfiftyyuan.2.Thefarmerdidn’tfindthesesheepthismorning. (改为被动语态)Thesesheep________________________bythefarmerthismorning.3.Ifyouwanttobewealthy,pleasepractiseeconomy. (改为同义句)Please___________yourmoneyifyouwanttobe_____________.4.AnnevisitsPastyWuonceaweek. （就划线部分提问）How________________________AnnevisitPastyWu?5.Pleasegetoffthebusafteritstops.   (改为同义句)Please____________getoffthebus_____________itstops. 语法与词汇（18）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.–Haveyouevertraveledabroad?--Sure.I______thelanguageofEnglishintheUSAtwoyearsafterIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.A.usedtolearnB.wasusedtostudyingC.havestudiedD.didn’tusetostudy()2.--Where"sMrGreen?--Oh,he_________Canada.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.wasin()3.Thefactoryhasbeen________fortwoyears.A.openB.toopenC.openingD.opened()4.--Howlonghaveyou________there?--Aboutfouryears.~A.comeB.goneC.leftD.worked()5.--MustIcleantheroomnow?--No,you__________.A.can"tB.maynotC.mustn"tD.needn"t()6.________Iclosethewindow?It"ssocoldhere.A.WillB.DoC.WouldD.Shall()7.--Excuseme,LookatthesignNOSMOKING!--Sorry,I________it.A.don"tseeB.didn"tseeC.haven"tseenD.won"tsee()8.Hecould_____neitherFrenchorGerman,soI____withhiminEnglish.A,speak,talkedB.talk,toldC.say,spokeD.tell,talked()9.I________averyinterestingprogrammeontheradiothismorning.A.listenedB.heardC.sawD.watched()10.Couldyou_______meyourbike?Mineisbroken.--Sure.It"sthere.A.borrowB.lendC.givingD.return()11.--Howmuchdidyou________forthepen?--Fiveyuan.A.costB.takeC.payD.buy()12.--Whynotgotoseethedolphinshowwithme?--BecauseI________it.A.sawB.willseeC.seeD,haveseen()13.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit________tomorrow.A.won"trainB.isn"trainingC.doesn"trainD.isn"train ()14.--Whatdidyoudolastnight?--I_______TVwithmyfamily.A.watchB.amwatchingC.havewatchedD.watched()15.--CanIhelpyou,sir?--Yes,Iboughttheradiohereyesterday,butit________.A.didn"tworkB.won"tworkC.can"tworkD.doesn"twork()16.--Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatchyesterday?--Well,it"ssurprising.Thestrongestteamofourschool________.A.wasbeatenB.wonC.scoredD.wasfilled()17.Thetreesmust_______threetimesaweek.A.waterB.wateringC.bewateredD.waters()18.--Alice,you________onthephone.--I"mcoming.Thanks.A.wantB-.arewantedC.arewanting.D.havewanted()19.--IsawBettygotoGrandpaLi"shomejustnow.--Yes.She’softenseen_________theoldmanwiththehousework..A:helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped()20.AtalkonChinesehistory__________intheschoolhallnextMonday.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.--Whatisyour________?(nation)--Chinese.2.Thechildrenareskatinghappilyonthe________river.(freeze)3.Mary’sanswerwas________,butminewasright.(correct)4.Shehaspassedthe________examinationofseniormiddleschool.(enter)5.Tommissedtheschoolbusthismorning.But________hegottoschoolintime.(luck)6.NanjingRoadWalkwayisoneofthe________streetsinshanghai.(busy)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Theteachersaidtome,“Don’tuseadictionarywhenyoumeetnewwords.”(改写成简单句)Theteachertoldme_______touseadictionarywhenI________newwords.2.MissYangbegantoteachattheschoolayearago.(改写成同义句)MissYang______________ateacherforayear.3.Youmustn’tputyourbikeinthecorner.(改写成被动句)Yourbike_________________putinthecorner.4.Ican’tfinishtheworkontimewithoutanyhelp.(改写成同义句)Ican’tfinishtheworkontime_______Ihave_______help. 5.Helen’sfatherhasn’tbeenthere.Helen’smotherhasn’t,either.(改写成同义句)_________ofHelen’sparents________beenthere.语法与词汇（19）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.EverydayIspendtwohours_______myhomework.A.finishingtodoB.finishingdoingC.tofinishtodoD.tofinishdoing()2.LinTaocan"tbeathome.Isawhim_______hereafewminutesago.A.playsB.toplayC.playingD.played()3.We"dbetter_______ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don"tplay()4.--WhencanIgoouttoplayfootball,Mum?--Finishyourhomeworkfirst,orIwon"tletyou________.A.togooutB.gooutC.goingout"D.willgoout()5.Couldyoumakeher________laughing?A.stopB.tostopC.stopsD.stopped()6.You_________neverplayinthestreet.It"snotsafe.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need()7.Pleasedon"tforget_______tome,willyou?A.towriteB.writingC.writeD.writes()8.Thesoldierranintotheroom_________thebaby.A.savingB.tosaveC.savesD.saved()9.--__________wemakeithalfpastseven?--Whatabout_______italittleearlier?A.Shall,makingB.Shall,tomakeC.Will,makingD.will,tomake()10.He_________harderthisyearthanlastyear.A.studyB.studiesC.wasstudyingD.studied ()11.Ithinknonews________goodnews,hewillbebacksoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()12.--CanIhelpyou?--Yes.Iboughtthiscomputerhereyesterday,,butit______now.A.didn"tworkB.won"tworkC.can’tworkD.doesn"twork()13.--Whataboutthefoodontheplate?–It_________delicious.A.smellingB.smeltC.smellsD.issmelt()14:Whatanicegarden!Howwellit_________after!A.haslookedB.looksC.islookedD.islooking()15.Look!Lilywithhersister_________akiteontheplayground.A.isflyingB.areflyingC.flyingD.fly()16.--Ihaveseenthefilm“Titanic”already.--When_________you_______it?A.have,seenB.will,seeC.did,seeD.had,seen()17.Hissisterreadthepicture-bookthreetimesyesterday,___________.A.sohedidB.shedidsoC.sodidheD.so~lidher()18.I_______tobeduntilmygrandmacamebackhome.A.didn"tgoB.wentC.hadgoneD.havegone()19.Whileshe_________TVinthesittingroom,thebell________.A.watches,ringsB.iswatching,rangC.waswatching,rangD.watched,wasringing()20.There________afootballmatchinourschoolthisafternoon.A.aregoingtohaveB.isgoingtohaveC.aregoingtobeD.isgoingtobeⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Therearemany________(different)betweenlivinginthecityandlivinginthecountry.2.Bettywasoneofthe________actressesofhertime.(lead)3.Thisistheoneofthe________storiesI’veeverread.(fun)4.Iwanttomake________studyinAmerica.(far)5.The________betweenthepeopleofShanghaiandthepeopleofSanFranciscoisevenbetterthanbefore.(friend)6.Idon’tliketheflathere.It’stoo________.(noise)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Heoftendoeshishomeworkaftersupper.(改成一般疑问句) _________ heoften________hishomeworkaftersuper? 2.Theplanetakesoffat9:15intheevening.（同义句）  Theplane________takeoff________9:15intheevening.3.Theywereexcitedatseeingthefilm.（改成感叹句）  _________ ________theywereatseeingthefilming.4.Hehaslearnedtoplaythepianosincehewasfiveyearsold.(对划线部分提问)  _________ _________hashelearnedtoplaythepiano?5.Peterjoinedthesinginggroup2monthsago.（同义句）  Peter_______ _________inthesinginggroupfor2months.语法与词汇（20）Ⅰ、Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案，用A、B、C或D表示填入括号内)（共20分）()1.--MayIuseyourpen?Mineisbroken.--Ofcourse,herearetwoandyoucanuse________ofthem.A.bothB.everyC.anyD.either()2.Wecan"tbuyanythingbecause_________oftheshopsareopenatthistime.A.allB.someC.anyD.none()3.--Pleasewritetomewhenyouhavetime.--Sure.But________isyoure-mailaddress?A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which()4.Hecouldn"tbuythedictionarybecausehehad________moneywithhim.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little()5.--Haveyoufinishedyourcompositionyet?--No,I"llfinishitintenminutes.A.anotherB.moreC.otherD.else()6.There"s________interestinginthefilm,so______isinterestedinit.A.something,nobodyB.nothing,somebodyC.anything,anybody.D.nothing,nobody.()7.IthinkTom"sbikeisolderthan__________.A.myB.hisC.yourD.her()8.Oh,boysandgirls,comeinplease.Andmake_________athome. A.yourselfB.usC.youD.yourselves()9.Idon"tlikewinterbecauseit’s________cold.A.toomuchB.farmoreC.muchtooD.muchmore()10.Thismatchmadethem________atlast.A.friendlyB.happilyC.quicklyD.slowly()41.--Whocanreachthebookonthetopshelf?--Jackcan.Heis________boyofusall.A.tallerB.atallC.thetallestD.muchtallest()12.--Theshopis________onSaturdayandMonday.--Isee.I"llgohereonMondaythen.A.openB.closeC.openedD.closed()13.Itis_______toworkoutthisproblem.Youneedn"tgototheteacher.A.enougheasyB.easilyenoughC.easy,enoughD.veryeasily()14.--Ourholidaywas_______.--Yes,I’veneverhad__________.A.suchgreat,thebetteroneB.greatly,agoodone.C.sogreat,abetteroneD.verygood,thebestone()15.--Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?--Certainly,wecanbuy_______onethanthis,but________this.A.abetter,betterthanB.aworse,asgoodasC.acheaper,asgoodasD.amoreimportant,notasgoodas()16.--Whydon"tyouaskTomtodoit?--Idon"tknowwhetherheis______to.Hesometimesmakesthingsworse.A.possibleB.able.C.afraidD.easy()17.Hermotherwasout.Shestayedathome______,butshedidn"tfeelA.alone,lonelyB.lonely,aloneC.alone,aloneD;lonely,lonely()18.A_______schoolboy,LiLida,firsttriedtoswimacrosstheQiongzhouChannelinJune,2000.A.12-yearoldB.12-years-oldC.12-year-oldD.12yearsold()19,Inourexam,the____carefulweare,the______mistakeswe’llmake.A.more,moreB.more,lessC.less,fewerD.more,fewer()20.Jack"sbrotherdoesn"tworkso_________asJack.A.harderB.hardC.hardestD.hardlyⅡ、Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子)（共6分）1.Canyougivemefurther________onthismatter.(inform)2.Hehasnoneofhissister’s________.(honest)3.Themanager’sofficeisonthe________floor.(thirty) 4.Ican________workouttheproblem.Andyou?(easy)5.Thegirl’smotherwassenttoworkinAfricaasamemberofa________team.(medicine)6.Thegovernmentisgoingto________thisroadthismorningsummer.(wide)Ⅲ、Rewritethesentencesasrequired.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)（共10分）1.Ifoundthatitwasdifficulttodothesum.(改为简单句)  Ifound____________________todothesum.2.Ididn’tdomyhomeworklastnight.Iplayedwiththepiano,instead.（改写句子，保持句意不变）  Iplayedwiththepiano__________________doingmyhomework..3.“Theearthcirclesroundthesun,”saidtheteacher.(合并成一个句子)  Theteacher________usthattheearth_________roundthesun.4.Thisbridgewasbuiltover100yearsago.(改写句子，保持句意不变)   Thebridge_________morethan100years___________.5.Thebirdhasfilledthebottlewithsmallstones.（变为被动语态）   Thebottlehas__________________withsmallstones语法与词汇（11）I、1.B2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.A8.A9.C10.C11.B12.B13.C14.C15.A16.B17.A18.B19.D20.AII、1.advised2.exciting3.convenient4.inventions5.collections6.importanceIII、1.did,he2.How,soon3.whether,to4.never,such5.without,or语法与词汇（12）I、1.C2.D3.B4.D5.B6.D7.C8.C9.D10.D11.B12.A13.B14.B15.B16.C17.B18.A19.D20.AII、1.Honesty2.careless3.arrival4.easily5.services6.impossibleIII、 1.None,is2.Are,made3.Who,by4.to,go5.How,magnificent语法与词汇（13）I、1.C2.B3.A4.D5.C6.A7.A8.A9.B10.C11.D12.B13.A14.C15.D16.D17.C18.B19.C20.CII、1.activities2.alive3.articles4.balonies5.brightly6.buttonsIII、1.Does,have2.Which,boy3.No,were4.whether/if,wanted5.Everyone,except语法与词汇（14）I、1.C2.B3.B4.B5.D6.D7.C8.B9.B10.C11.C12.D13.B14.B15.B16.B17.D18.D19.C20.CII、1.aged2.amazed3.awfully4.bones5.bright6.carootsIII、1.are,planted2.since,began/started3.prevented/stopped/kept,arriving4.wonder,if/whether5.Howsoon语法与词汇（15）I、1.B2.B3.B4.B5.A6.A7.B8.D9.C10.D11.A12.B13.C14.D15.D16.D17.C18.C19.D20.BII、1.airlines2.amazingly3.awful4.bravely5.businesswomen6.cloudyIII、1.is,there2.What,can 3.What,fun 4.has,worked 5.not,to语法与词汇（16）I、 1.B2.D3.C4.C5.A6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.D16.C17.C18.D19.C20.DII、1.changed2.comfortable3.enjoyable4.communications5.dangerous6.electricIII、1.Did,put2.hates,staying3.doesn’t,have 4.least,interesting5.height,as语法与词汇（17）I、1.B2.C3.D4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C10.C11.A12.D13.D14.C15.B16.B17.B18.A19.D20.DII、1.competition2.electrical3.died4.educational5.death6.appearedIII、1.didn’t,cost2.weren’t,found3.save,rich4.often,does5.don’t,until/before语法与词汇（18）I、1.A2.B3.A4.D5.D6.D7.A8.A9.B10.B11.C12.D13.C14.D15.D16.A17.C18.B19.B20.CII、1.nationality2.frozen3.uncorrected4.enterance5.luckily6.busiestIII、1.not,met2.has,been3.mustn’t,be4.if,no5.Neither,has语法与词汇（19）I、1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A6.C7.A8.B9.A10.B11.A12.D13.C14.C15.A16.C17.C18.A19.C20.DII、1.differences2.leading3.funniest4.further5.friendship6.noisyIII、1.Does,do2.doesn’t,until3.How,excited4.How,long5.has,been 语法与词汇（20）I、1.D2.D3.C4.D5.A6.D7.B8.D9.C10.A11.C12.D13.C14.C15.C16.B17.A18.C19.D20.BII、1.information2.honesty3.third.4.easily5.medical.6.widenIII、1.it,difficult2.instead,of 3.told,circles4.is,old5.been,filled【远古先秦音乐】　　我们的祖先和世界上的许多民族一样，经历了几十万年原始氏族公社的生活。氏族公社分为母系和父系两个阶段。我国地域广大，各地都发现有远古人们活动的遗迹，但其历史发展是不平衡的。各种类型的文化在每个历史阶段存在和延续的时间，有先有后，有长有短，有着错综复杂的关系。大致说来属于较早的新石器时代文化遗存有距今约六千年左右的长江流域河姆渡文化与黄河流域的裴李岗文化、大汶口文化、仰韶文化、马家窑文化。它们的音乐遗物证明，黄河、长江流域是中(蟹)华民族音乐文化的最早发祥地。约五千年前，各个氏族部落先后进入氏族社会晚期，音乐文化有了显著的发展。属于这个时期的龙山文化、青(蟹)龙泉三期文化、良渚文化遗址出土的原始乐器皆可为证。先民们在漫长的原始社会中创(蟹)造了原始音乐。从现存远古传说，可以看出音乐起源于劳动，并与巫术、原始舞蹈、诗歌溶为一体，为劳动实践和氏族集体的利益服务。我国古书所载“百兽率舞”与“奋五谷”等传说均说明它们与先民们的祭祀、狩猎、畜牧、耕种生活有关。各个文化遗存地区出土有原始乐器，如陶埙、用禽兽肢骨制成的“骨笛”、陶角、鼍鼓及陶铎等。
从公元前二十世纪的夏朝起，我国历史进入奴隶社会。
关于夏文化仍在探索中。夏以后的商（约前17—前11世纪）和西周（约前11世纪—前770年），已是文明灿烂的青铜文化的鼎盛时期。音乐达到了更高的水平，出现了《桑林》、《濩》（hú音户）、《裓》（jiè音节）、《大武》等乐舞，并有更多的乐器品种出现。此外还产生了多种音阶调式，创立了十二律，已经有了绝对音高、半音观念，对旋宫转调有了初步的认识，也兴办了一些音乐教育事业。　春秋战国（前770——前221年）是我国奴隶社会向封建社会转化和封建社会初步形成的时期。当时列国纵横，战争频繁，几百个小国逐渐归并为几个大国，为我国统一的多民族的封建国家的建立奠定了基础。这个时期，由于铁器的使用，各国农业、手工业和商业都得到了迅速的发展。各地区、各民族在经济文化方面相互交流、相互影响，也推动了音乐文化的发展。首先在郑、卫、宋、齐、（今河南、山东）各国，商周旧乐“雅颂”开始失去往昔至高无上的神圣地位，民间新乐“郑声”日益受到重视。《诗经》所载十五国“风”和二“南”、“小雅”，很多都是各地优秀的民歌或贵族的吟唱。城市中的音乐生活也很丰富，产生了不少杰出的民间歌手和器乐演奏家。以编钟为主的钟鼓乐队得到了充分的发展。南(蟹)方楚、越、滇等地的音乐文化相当发达。大诗人屈原填词、楚国女巫祀神时唱的“楚声”——“九歌”，越国裸体女巫跪唱祭祀的铜雕，滇人祭祀时敲击的铜鼓、羊角编钟，似乎使我们看到了南国艺术特有的神韵和丰采。春秋战国时期，音乐理论空前活跃。见于曾侯钟的乐律铭文和《管子·地员篇》、《吕氏春秋·音律》的三分损益法，记述了我国最早的乐律计算方法。音乐美学方面，儒家孔丘、荀卿、公孙尼重功利、重情理；道家老聘、庄周重艺术、重精神。他们的见解，对日后中国音乐的发展育着极为深远的影响。一、“百兽率舞”与《奋五谷》先秦典籍《尚书》中记有“击石挝石，百兽率舞”的传说故事。大约在几万年以前，我们的祖先开始进入以渔猎为生的母系氏族社会。他们在劳动之余需要抒发和表达生活和劳动中的感受，用艺术的形式再现狩猎时手持武器与野兽搏斗的情景，于是产生了用于祭祀以狩猎为内容的原始歌舞音乐。所谓“击石挝石，百兽率舞”，就是远古人们敲击着石头化装成各种野兽歌舞祭祀的生动写照。近年在青海省大通县上孙寨出上的新石器时代舞蹈纹彩陶盆，其内壁上有五人一列，共三列舞人，环绕盆沿形成圆圈。下面有四道平行带纹，代表水面。盆中盛水以后，这些舞人好像在河边，摆动着身上装饰的兽尾，欢快地歌舞。从画面来看，舞者神态逼真，作育节奏的跳跃动作。它是我们了解原始社会歌舞的生动的形象资料。至于敲击的石头，最早可能是原始的石制生产工具，后来逐渐演变成祭祀时伴奏歌舞的礼乐器。近年在山西夏县东下冯夏代文化遗址，发现了至今年代较早的“石磬”（图2）。它的斜上方，有一个悬桂用的圆孔，并有长期使用的磨损痕迹，整体打制得非常粗糙，有的棱角还十分锐利，形状像耕田用的石犁。我们曾将它悬挂起来敲击，仍能发出清脆嘹亮的声音。测音结如表明，其音高为　　大约从六、七千年前起，在长江流域和黄河流域，我们祖先的经济生活有了较大的改变。他们除狩猎以外，已经开始种植谷物和饲养家畜。社会生活的变化，也在音乐上得到相应的反映。传说在一个叫做葛天氏的氏族里，流行着一种集体歌舞。表演时，由三个人手里拿着牛尾，踏足而歌。殷商时代甲骨文中的“舞”字，写作“”或“”，像一个人两手各执一根牛尾在舞蹈，就是表现了当时人们跳舞的形象。《吕氏春秋》记载，跳这种舞蹈时所唱的歌有《载民》、《玄鸟》、《遂草木》、《奋五谷》、《敬天常》、《达帝功》、《依地德》、《总禽兽之极》等八阕（què音缺）。其中，《奋五谷》是祝愿五谷更快地成长；《遂草木》是祈求牧草长得更加茂盛，《总禽兽之极》是希望牲畜繁殖得很多；《敬天常》和《依地德》是颂扬天和地的功德，反映先民们为了耕种的需要，对气候和土壤的重视；《达帝德》、《载民》、《玄鸟》（燕子）等，则是歌颂祖先与图腾（氏族的标志）的。在原始社会，人们对于自然界的许多现象，如生死、风雨、雷电等，都不能理解。为了更好地生存，他们常常在一定的季节举行种种宗教的仪式，唱歌跳舞，祈求祖先、天(蟹)地、图腾保佑他们，希望风调雨顺，免除灾难，更能够五谷丰稔，牲畜兴旺。这八首歌就是在宗教仪式上唱的。它的内容说明，农耕和畜牧在人们的经济生活中已占有重要地位。《奋五谷》等乐舞在音乐上有何特点，由于年代久远，已难以查考。看来它与原始舞蹈结合紧密，可以推知节奏应是它的基本因素。曲调可能较为简单朴实，古人记载说原始歌曲“乐而无转”（《盐铁论》），其旋律性不强，是可信的。二、治水之歌一《大夏》《大夏》传说是我国原始社会到奴隶社会的过渡时期产生的著名的歌舞。　　大约四千年前，黄河流域洪水为患，农田无法耕种，人民颠沛流寓。传说当时部落联盟的首领舜（shún音顺）任用鲸（gǔn音滚）来治水。鲸用筑堤堵水的办法，始终不能制服洪水。后来，舜又让鲧的儿子禹来治水。禹用了十年时间，日夜操劳，不敢稍懈，三过家门而不入，最后终于疏通三江五湖，凿开龙门，让洪水通畅地东流入海。洪水平息后，禹又亲自拉犁开荒，发展农业生产。人民为了欢庆治水的胜利，歌颂禹的功绩，举行盛大的歌舞祭把活动，人们表演的乐舞，后来就叫做《大夏》。　春秋时期，南(蟹)方的吴国（今江苏苏州一带）有一个贵族，名叫季札，非常喜爱音乐。有一次，他充当吴国使臣，到鲁国（今山东曲阜一带）去访问。他听说鲁国保存了很多西周宫廷中的著名乐舞，就请求参观学习。鲁国很热情地为他演出了《大夏》、《韶》等古乐和“大雅”、“小雅”、“周南”、“召南”，以及郑、卫（今河南）、豳（bin音宾）、秦（今陕西）、齐（今山东临淄）、魏（今山西）、陈（今河南、安徽一带）等国的民间歌曲“国风”。　　据说《大夏》演出时，舞者每八个人站成一行，称为一“佾”（yì音义）。舞者头上戴着毛皮帽子，袒露上半身，下身穿着白色短裙。右手持羽毛，左手持乐器“籥”（yuè音月），边唱边舞，颇为质朴、粗旷。季札看后，深深地被它的内容和表演所感动，说：“真美啊！像这样勤劳而又有道德的人，除了禹，谁能比得上呢？”季札的话，虽然带有过分赞誉的成分，但也说明《大夏》的内容确与大禹治水有关。所以商周以来，它一直被奴隶主贵族用来作为祭祀山川的乐舞。　　《大夏》已具有一定的艺术性。它共分“九成”（九段），用“籥”伴奏，又称“夏籥九成”。“籥”在甲骨文里写作“”像是用数根苇竹制成的管子，周围用绳子捆扎在一起，管子上端有一个吹孔，可以吹奏发声。一个籥，可吹出数个不同的乐音。这种乐器，就是后来“萧”（排萧）的前身。《大夏》用这种乐器伴奏，比起“击石拊石”的原始乐舞来，要进步多了。不过，因其乐音较少，推想其曲调可能比较简单。　除《大夏》以外，这个时期还流传一首与禹有关的南(蟹)方民歌。据《吕氏春秋》记载，禹在治水的过程中，遇到一个“涂山氏”氏族的女子。后来禹又到其他地方巡行，那个女子便派人站在涂山（今浙江会嵇）南麓，唱着她所作的“候人兮猗”这首情歌，等待禹的到来。这首歌是目前所知最早的一首南(蟹)方民歌。这首歌的歌词，实际上只有“候人”两个字，即等待她的情人的意思。它可能反映了父系氏族社会里，人们的爱情生活。结尾的“兮猗！”两字，是感叹词。“兮”，古音读如“啊”，“猗”与“兮”字音相同。这种结尾形式表明原始歌曲是用婉转起伏的旋律抒发其强烈的思念之情的。歌词中词语的重复，说明旋律性已逐渐成为原始音乐的重要因素。三、埙的演变和音阶的形成与发展　　埙是我国古代一种重要的吹奏乐器。其形状有管形、橄榄鱼形、圆锥形等多种。它们的顶端都有一个吹孔，埙体上有的无按音孔，有的有若干按音孔。多为陶制品，也有骨制品。　　埙的历史很悠久，目前发现的最古老的埙，是大约六千年前居住在今天浙江杭州湾河姆波遗址的居民使用的椭圆形无音孔陶埙与西安半坡村仰韶文化遗址发现的两个陶埙。其中一个无音孔，另一有一音孔者能吹出一个小三度音程：即羽（F）与宫（bA）两个音。　　据近年对新石器时代晚期至殷商时期众多陶埙的测音结果来看，这些陶埙的绝对音高虽然各不相同，但都可吹出小三度昔程。就是说，都能吹出后来五声音阶中的lado（羽、宫）或misol（角、徵）两个音，它是目前所知最古老的一种音阶形式。估计当时的乐曲，如《奋五谷》等，可能就是由这少数几个音组成的。　　大约在四、五千年以前，在今天山西万泉县荆村和太原市郊义井村，还使用一种二音孔陶埙。这种陶埙能吹出三个音：　　荆村埙义井埙　　　　其中荆村埙吹出的音，构成一个纯五度和小七度音程；义井埙吹出的音，构成一个小三度和纯四度音程。就是说，荆村埙能吹出相当于后来G调五声音阶中的635（羽、角、徵）或D调的261（商、羽、宫）三个音。义井埙能吹出相当于G调五声音阶中的612（羽、宫、商）或C调的356（角、徵、羽）三个音。当时人们尚无绝对音高观念，因此，这两个埙实际上就是在半坡埙所吹出的小三度音程基础上，又增加了一个“商”音或“羽”音。它们所构成的两种三昔列，应是目前已知的最古老的三声音阶。　　　据目前考古实物证明，埙的进一步发展是在进入奴隶社会以后。近年在甘肃玉门属于父系氏族社会晚期至奴隶社会早期的火烧沟文化遗址的平民墓葬中，出土了二十多个彩陶埙。其形休呈鱼形，鱼嘴处是吹孔，埙体上有三个按音孔。测音结果表明，这些埙的绝对音高各不相同，但都能吹出相当于后世五声音阶中的domisolla即宫、角、徵、羽四个骨干音。有的埙还能吹出fa（清角）。少数埙能吹出羽、宫、商、角四个骨干音。据此推想，当时可能至少已有上述以宫、羽为调式主音的两种四声音阶调式。　　埙的基本定型，大体在晚商时期。实物有河南辉县琉璃阁殷墓、河南安阳小屯妇好墓出土三枚一套的陶埙和殷墟1001大墓出土兽面纹骨埙。三者埙体均呈圆锥形，有五个按音孔。测音结果表明，辉县埙与妇好埙基音相同，均为a，因此当时可能已有绝对音高的观念。从辉县埙的音阶结构来看，实际上是在甘肃埙两种四声音阶的基础上增添了两个变化音。如以a为宫，可构成宫、角、徵，羽与清羽及变宫的音阶序列；或以e为宫，可构成羽、宫、商、角与清商、清角的音阶序列。变化音的出现，说明已存在使用色彩性变音进行变化装饰或旋宫转调——改变调高转换音阶调式的可能性。　　后世文献都说“商已前但有五音”，至周代始有“七音”。近年出土的殷王室妇好墓五枚一套的编铙能奏出相当于后世G调的56145的音阶结构，如果联系起来看，我国五声音阶正式形成，可能不会早于商周之际。　　关于七声音阶“七音”的最早记载，见于《左传》昭公二十年（前632）。如果从商埙已能吹出七声结构中的某些偏音的事实来看，它的正式形成可能与“五声”相差不会太远。目前由于缺乏确证，尚难定论。　　随着七声音阶的出现，牵涉到中国传统调式研究中经常遇到的新、旧音阶与清商音阶问题。旧音阶“角”、“徵”之间为“变徵”（#fa），半音位置在四度、五度和七度、八度之间；新音阶“角”、“徵”之间为“清角”（fa），半音位置在三度、四度和七度、八度之间；清商音阶“角”、“徵”之间为清角，半音位置在三度、四度和六度、七度之间（“”表示半音关系，其余均为全音）：　　在上述三种七声结构中，五声音阶的五个正音始终处于核心的地位。这就是子产所说的“九歌、八风、七音、六律，以奉五声”（《左传·昭二十五年》）。　从现有测音材料看，辉县塌虽然还未形成完整的七声结构，但是清角在火烧沟文化遗址鱼形坝已经能吹出的事实，以及清羽在辉县埙中的存在，说明上述三种七声结构都是我国具有悠久历史的音阶形式。　从半坡埙产生最早的一个小三度音程到晚商至春秋之际出现完整的五声音阶和七声音阶，其间经历了三千多年的漫长岁月，可见，人们对于音阶的认识是经过长期的探索和实践的。四、巫与商代音乐　　巫原是原始社会拥有较多知识、能歌善舞，传说能交通神人的神秘人物。　　商殷的巫，与史、卜、贞等同掌占卜的职务，能替鬼神说话，影响国家的政治与国王的行动。《尚书·洪范篇》就讲到商殷的国王有疑难的事情就应该和卿士（高级贵族）、庶民（低级贵族）商量并以巫、史等所进行的“卜筮（shì音事）”定吉凶，“卜筮”的吉凶有决定行动与否的作用。占卜、祭祀时，巫常要唱歌跳舞来配合，所以巫也是商殷精通音乐与舞蹈的人。　　商代音乐属于巫文明。　　商原是居住在黄河下游的一个以玄鸟（燕子）为图腾的原始部族。夏末，已进入今河南地区居住，并在汤的领导下灭夏建立商朝。商代在盘庚迁殷前（约前16—前14世纪），尚处于刚进入早期奴隶制的阶段，从郑州二里岗等早商遗址出上的二音孔或三音孔埙看，这个时期的音乐文化并不特别发达。在祭祀等重大场合，往往由巫主持表演本部族的传统乐舞《桑林》和赞颂汤代夏立商武功的乐舞《濩》等等。我国古书《左传》记有一(蟹)个(蟹)故(蟹)事：公元前641年，商王室后裔宋襄公在楚丘为晋侯举行盛大的宴会，晋侯提出要看宋国祖先的传统乐舞《桑林》。这个乐舞，据说由用鸟羽化装成玄鸟的舞师与化装成先批简狄的女巫进行表演。由于它描写了筒狄吞玄鸟卵生商始租契的具体过程，因而使讲究礼法的晋侯看了十分害怕，不得不躲到房中去。商代音乐正因为带有浓厚的原始古风，而显得那么粗野离奇，荒诞不经。　　商代音乐真正进入文明的盛期，是在定都安阳以后（前13—前11世纪）。出土于安阳殷墟王室墓葬的成组饰有狰狞可怖的饕餮、夔龙等纹样的各类乐器均可为证。这个时期，不仅王畿及其邻近地区，甚至一些偏远的方国，如武丁时进贡“亚弱”编铙的弜国、出有多件青铜大铙的今湖南宁乡与安徽、浙江、江西等地，均已存在相当发达、既有商文化特征又有本地特色的音乐文明。　　商代后期，乐器的品种已相当多样，制作工艺也很巧妙。打击乐器有多种形制的铙、铎、磬（qng音庆）和鼓等。铙与铎，最早原是原始社会末期象征氏族贵族权力的礼乐器，用陶上制成。现存实物有陕西长安客省庄龙山文化的素面陶铎商代的铙均为青铜铸造，或手持演奏，或植于座上演奏。商铙因其形休的大小不同而有大铙、小铙之分。其中，单个的大铙，有人称为“庸”（yòng音拥）。卜辞中“其（置）庸，壴（鼓）于既卯”就说明这一点。由多枚铙组成一套的称为编铙。小型编铙比较常见，一般由三枚组成一套。近年在殷代大型王室墓葬妣（bǐ音比）辛墓中发现有五枚一套的编饶。我们曾对这套编饶进行测音，其音高大约相当于：G、A、C、F（？）、G，可构成四声音阶序列。大型编铙比较少见，现存实物仅见于湖南宁乡一带。商代的磬有石制、玉制和青铜制等多种。它分为两种，一种为单个的大磬，如安阳武官村殷代大墓出土的虎纹石磬，纹饰瑰丽，声音悠扬。经测音，其音高为#C;，与山西夏县东下冯夏代遗址出土石磬音高相同。一种是编磬，一般均为三枚一套。近年在殷墟西区出土有五枚一套的编磬。鼓，在原始时代已有，叫做“土鼓”，鼓框可能是由陶土制成，故有此名。另有一种大鼓，鼓腔用木制成，外施彩绘，鼓面蒙有鼍皮，又称鼍鼓。商代的鼓有多种，一般鼓身下面有鼓座，鼓身上面有羽毛作为装饰，甲骨文中的“”字，就是它的正面形象。近年在湖北崇阳出土一件晚商至西周早期的铜制贲鼓，即是这样一种形制。此外