2015高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练：基本句型 8页

2015高考英语语法最后30天精讲精练基本句型英语的五种基本句型结构：★主语+不及物动词(SV)★主语+连系动词(SVC)★主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)★主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOD)★主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)S+VHeworks.Heisstudying.①主语　＋　谓语(vi.)＋状语(从句)Thesunsetsinthewest.Hewentnowhere②主语　＋　谓语(vi.)＋名词短语Wehadcomealongway.Hewaited(for)twoyears.2.S+V+CHeisastudent/inyellow/there…①主语+be+表语　　表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、　　介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等②主语+其它连系动词+表语　　　这些连系动词包括：appear,continue,feel,go(变成),keep,lie(处于…状态),look,prove,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,become,come,fall,get,grow,turnBoblaysick.Hisdreamcomestrue.3.S+V+OAnideastruckme.①主语　＋　谓语(v.+prep)　＋　宾语Itdependsontheweather.备用词：actas,agreeon/with/to,arrivein(at),comeacross,baseon,breakinto,sufferfrom,leadto,preferto,thinkof,fireat,reachfor,quarrelabout,worryabout②主语　＋　谓语(v.+adv.)　＋　宾语Ithoughtovertheplan.Ithoughtitover.备用词：bringout(up),thinkout,turnoff(on,out,down),giveinNOTICE:●v+adv.+prep.getalongwith,addupto,doawaywith,breakawaywith,keepupwith,goaheadwith,gothroughwith●v.+n.+prepmakeuseof,makefunof,catchsightof,takecareof,taketheplaceof,takealookat,takepridein③主语　＋　谓语　＋　宾语　＋　介词　＋　宾语Theteacherpunishedhimforbeinglate. Congratulatehimonhissuccess.Comparethiswiththat.4.S+V+O+D(间接宾语由代词和名词充当)①主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Willyoulendmeyourpen,please?Sheboughthimmanytoys.②主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+代词或名词Willyoulendyourpentome,please?Sheboughtmanytoysforhim.　　　备用词：pay,give,hand,sell,pass,offer,explain,sing,leave5.S+V+O+C宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：●主表关系；●主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当　主表：①Ifindthebookinteresting.(主谓宾＋形容词)②Isawhimthere.　　　(主谓宾＋副词)　③Ifoundthebookonthedesk.　(主谓宾＋介词)④Weelectedhimmonitor.(主谓宾＋名词)主谓：①Theysawthethiefrunningaway.(主谓宾+现在分词）②Wheredidyouseehimknockeddown?　(主谓宾＋过分词)③Whatmakesyouthinkso?　(主谓宾＋动词不定式)It句型1.It+be+adj.+(forsb)todosth→sth+be+adj.+todoItisnoteasytolearnEnglish.(Englishisnoteasytolearn.)备用词：difficult,necessary,important,quick,hard,etc.2.It+be+adj.+ofsbtodosth→sb.+be+adj.+todosthItwasfoolishofTomtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.(Tomwasfoolishtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.)备用词：wise,clever,bright,kind,nice,silly,stupid,cruel,etc.3.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth→sbspendstimeindoingsthIttookhimtwodaystofindtheelephant.(Hespenttwodaysinfindingtheelephant.)4.Itisnousedoingsth.Itisnouseregrettingyourpastmistakes.备用词：nogood,useless,etc.5.Itcostssb.+money+todosthItcostthem36,000francstobuythenecklace.→Thenecklacecostthem36,000francs. Theyspent36,000franconthenecklace.Theyspent36,000francs(in)buyingthenecklace.Theypaid36,000francsforthenecklace.Theyboughtthenecklacefor36,000francs.6.It+be+adj.(n.)+that-clauseItisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.备用词：natural,surprising,true,wonderful,etc.7.It+be+adj.+that-clause(shoulddosth)Itisnecessarythathe(should)bepresentatthemeeting.备用词：strange,important,impossble8.It+be+p.p.+that-clauseitissaidthathehasbeenillforyears.(Heissaidtohavebeen…)备用词：reported,known,believed,decided,announced,etc.9.It+be+p.p.+that-clause(shoulddosth.)Itisdemandedthatthehomework(should)befinishedatonce.备用词：ordered,suggested,required,requested,etc.10.Itseems+that-clause→sb.+seems+todosth.Itseemsthattheyaretalking.(Theyseemtobetalking.)备用词：happen11.Itis+sometimesince-clause→sb.has+p.p.+fortimeItisthreeyearssincehecamehere.(Hehasbeenhereforyears.)12.Itis+被强调部分+that(who)Itisthroughstrugglethatwelearnthistruth.13.It+betime+forsth/todosth./that-clauseItistimeforsupper.Itistimetohavesupper.Itistimethatweshouldhavesupper.Itistimethatwehadsupper.14.It+be+long(时间段）+before-clauseItwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.15.Itis(just)likesb.todosth.该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。。。这个样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。It’slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers. 他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。Itisn’tlikehimtohavesaidanythinglikethat.他可不是说出那种话的人。16.Itisuptosb.todosth.该句型为“该由某人做。。。”。该句型中up后的to是介词。ThereBe结构1、主谓一致：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.2、反意问句：Thereusedtobeawellthere,use(d)n’t/didn’tthere?3、各种时态：Therewillbeafilmthisafternoon.Thereisgoingtobealecturetomorrow.Therehavebeengreatchangeinourcitysince1988.4、therebe中的非谓语形式：Therearealotofstudentswaitingoutside.Therewereelevenpeoplekilledinthisaccident.There’ssomeoneatthedoortoseeyou.(Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.)5、含情态动词：Theremust(may,might)beraintomorrow.Thereoughttobenotrouble6、与其它动词连用：Thereseemstobeareasonforchangingtheirplan.Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpected.Therehappenstobenobodyintheroom.Idon’twanttheretobeanytrouble.7、there+v.Theregoesthebell.Onthehill(there)standsahouse.8、Thereisnodenyingthefact+that从句（不可否认的......）例句：不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse. 主谓一致原则1、or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接并列主语时，谓语与邻近主语一致NotonlyshebutalsoIamgoingthere.2、aswellas,(together)with,,alongwith连接并列主语时，谓语与前面主语一致　　Dr.Smith(together)withhistwosonsisgoingParis.3、therebe中主语并列时，可随紧挨be的词一致或用复数　　Thereis(are)aboyandtwogirlsintheroom.NOTICE:Thereisapairoftrousershere.4、both,many,several,few作主语时，谓语用复数　　Fewareherethismorning.5、时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数作主语，当整体看，谓语用单数　　　Twofeetisn’tlongenough.6、and连接并列主语的情况　①Myfatherandmotherareawayonbusiness.②TheworkerandwriterisfromParis.③TheworkerandthewriterarefromParis.④BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.⑤Every(Each,No)deskandevery(each,no)chairismadeofwood.⑥oneandahalf后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。7、the+adj.(-ing,-ed)表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示一类事物，　　谓语用单数　Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorerinmanycountries.8、Neither(of),Either(of),Each(of)作主语，谓语用单数Neitherofthemisadriver.9、any-,every-,some-no-作主语，谓语用单数　Iseverybodyhere?10、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数Toseeistobelieve.WhatIhavedoneiswhatIshoulddo.11.allof,someof,anyof,mostof,noneof,plentyof,percentof, halfof等作主语，根据of后的词决定thehousesareonshow.　　Mostoftheworkhasbeendone.thestudentsaregirls.Ninetypercentofthemoneyishers.12.kindof+n.,由kind决定Thiskindofapplesisverygood.→Applesofthiskindareverygood.13.Such(倒装)Suchiswhathesaid.→Sucharehiswords.14.east,west,south,north的倒装Eastofthecityis(lies)alake.(are/lietwolakes)15.强调句中It’sIwhoamgoingtoJapan.16.定语从句中I,whoamastudent,willbeadoctor.17.agreatdealof(alargeamountof,alargequantityof,alotof)+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。18.anumberof,(alargequantityof,alotof)+可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。但thenumberof+主语，其谓语动词用单数。　19.代词none,neither作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。20.一些只有复数形式的词作主语时(clothes,trousers,shoes,...)，谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有apairof修饰时，则用单数。21.关系词who,that,which引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。但oneof+复数名词+that从句。从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the(only)oneof+复数名词+that从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。22.以what引起的主语从句therest,theremainder等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。EXERCISES:1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.amB.isC.areD.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.isB.wasC.areD.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreservedC.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscoveredB.iscoveringC.werecoveredD.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.beingB.areC.wasD.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.areB.isC.amD.were21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory. A.havetoldB.tellsC.weretoldD.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.wereB.areC.isD.am23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsawayB.rotawayC.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.werecleaningD.havecleaned26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknownB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.wereB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’？”“______.”A.NobodyofushasB.NobodyofushaveC.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancingB.wereadvancedC.wasadvancingD.advancing30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A.isenjoyB.wereenjoyingC.enjoysD.enjoy(BDADCAACBCBAAABDCABCBBBBABDCAC)4.解析：选D.主语theOlympicGames意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。12.解析：选A.此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。15.解析：选B.此处主语lawandorder指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.17.解析：选C.本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。23.解析：选B.本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。24.解析：选B.本句主语是tons,是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。29.解析：选A.主语agroupof在本句中表示具体每个人。