高考英语语法专题精讲精练-时态 7页

语法专题四：时态1.现在时(Presenttenses)时态结构与用法一般现在时结构：do/does/be(am/is/are)用法：1.表示现在的习惯动作、状态。2.表示客观规律、真理；特征、性格等。3.用于标题，小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。4.用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表将来。5.表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作，如时刻表等。现在进行时结构：be(am/is/are)doing;或be+adv./prep.(如：in,on,under等)用法：1.表示现在、现阶段正在发生、进行的动作。2.常与go,leave,come,arrive,stay,move等连用，表示将来的动作。3.与always,forever等连用，表示动作的反复，含厌倦或赞赏的意思。注意：1.表示感觉、心理、结果性的动词一般不用于进行时。2.常见表进行的副词、介短：inprogressinoperationonshow现在完成时结构：have/hasdone用法：1.过去发生且结束，但对现在造成影响。2.过去发生且持续到现在。3.在以下两个句型中，其从句要求用现在完成时：It(This)isthefirst(last,second,third,…)timethat…It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting,…)+n.+that…完成进行时结构：have/hasbeendoing用法：过去发生，目前还在进行，且可能持续下去，强调动作的延续性。巩固练习：1.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.Imymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken2.Becausefarmland______quickly,thegovernmentisconsideringsolvingtheproblem.A.isbeinglostB.islostC.islosingD.loses3.JohnandI______friendsfor8years.Wefirstgottoknoweachotherataparty.Butwe______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen;havebeenB.havebeen;havebeenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen4.DadwillcometoseemewhenI______thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish5.---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?---Idon’tthinkso.He______totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistened6.We______ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.A.don’tmeetB.won’tmeetC.haven’tmetD.hadn’tmet7.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar______atthegarage.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.berepaired8.---______leaveattheendofthemonth.---Idon’tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil______anotherjob. A.I’mgoingto;you’dfoundB.I’mgoingto;you’vefoundC.I’ll;you’llfindD.I’ll;you’dfind9.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe______onitforanhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked10.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren______skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing11.I______inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived12.Thismachine______.Ithasn’tworkedforyears.A.didn’tworkB.wasn’tworkingC.doesn’tworkD.isn’tworking13.Myfriend,who______ontheIOCallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved14.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026______offat18:20.A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken15.---Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand______now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned16.SofaritisthebestcrosstalkI______.A.heardB.haveheardC.willhearD.hadheard17.---Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.---I’msorry,butbythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI______myguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet18.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted19.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology______tothefieldofIT.A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroduced20.Thetwofriends______onlineforthreehours,andtheywillgoon.A.hadbeenchattingB.hadchattedC.werechattingD.havebeenchatting21.---Let’sseeifthebaseballgamehasstartedyet.---Started?Itmustbeclearwho______bynow.A.iswinningB.winsC.haswonD.wouldwin22.---What’sthematter,Jane?Youlooksad.---Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I______ofmyfriendsbackhome.A.wasjustthinkingB.justthoughtC.havejustbeenthinkingD.havejustthought23.HewillhavelearnedEnglishfor8yearsbythetimehe______fromuniversity.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate24.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimethatsomeone______methatevening.A.tohaveinterruptedB.wouldhaveinterruptedC.hadinterruptedD.tointerrupt25.---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.wasB.amgoingC.cameD.havebeen 2.过去时(Pasttenses)时态结构与用法一般过去时结构：did/be(was/were)用法：1.表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday,lastnight,amomentago,thenextday等过去的具体时间状语连用。2.表示过去习惯性动作，可用usedto/would+do结构。3.用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。4.用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）在wish/asif/ifonly/wouldrather/Itistime等+从句中，表示对现在或将来的虚拟。5.表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时已知过去进行时结构：be(was/were)+doing用法：1表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作。2表示按计划过去将要发生的动作。过去完成时结构：had+done总概念：过去的过去。用法：1.用于主从复合句中：两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用过去完成时。2.用于时间状语为“by+过去时间”的句子中。3.表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。4.用于“hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than”的主句中。5.用于虚拟语气中：表示与过去的事实相反。巩固练习：1.Thousandsofpeopletookpartintheworkwhenthedam______.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wasbeingbuiltD.wouldbebuilt2.Mr.James______acitybusfor20years.Nowhehasretired.A.wasdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.haddriven3.We______thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyoudidn’t.A.expectedB.expectC.hadexpectedD.wereexpecting4.Rose______abookaboutChinalastmonth,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting5.Joancouldbeaveryattractivegirl,butshe______noattentiontoherclothes.A.paysB.paidC.waspayingD.hadpaid6.Theyshouldhavefinishedthejobbeforenoon,butthey______.A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.haven’t7.Wouldn’titbebetterifwe______acar?A.boughtB.haveboughtC.buyD.couldbuy8.---Yourphonenumberagain,please.I______quitecatchit.---It’s9586440.A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t9.WhenIwasatcollege,I_____3foreignlanguages,butIallexceptafewwordsforeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten10.---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear. ---Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.isn’t11.ThepenI______I______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost12.---Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?---Iamsorry.I______aboutsomethingelse.A.thoughtB.wasthinkingC.amthinkingD.hadthought13.Iarrivedlate.I______theroadtobesocrowded.A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpectedC.hadn’texpectedD.didn’texpected14.WhenMarydroppedin,I______forawhileand______somereading.A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodoB.played;didC.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed;did15.---IamsureyoumetAliceatthepartylastweek.---Idon’trememberher.What______she______?A.was;wearingB.had;wornC.did;wearD.would;wear16.---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?---Ofcourse.Whatisit?---I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofillouttheform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder17.Johnspent$3,000morethanhe______forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned18.I______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident______.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred19.Thewater______coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels20.They_____twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get21.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.---Whatapity!Tina______heretoseeyou.A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen22.Beforethefirstnon-stopflightin1949,it______necessaryforallplanestolandforrefuel.A.wouldbeB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.wouldhavebeen23.---Iwillcomebacktomorrow.---Ifonlyyou______yesterday.A.havecomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.wouldcome24.Thecrazyfans______fortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadwaitedD.wouldwait25.Nosooner_____themselvesintheirseatsinthetheatre______thecurtainwentup.A.theyhavesettled;beforeB.hadtheysettled;thanC.havetheysettled;whenD.theyhadsettled;than26.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,whichthePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled 3.将来时(Futuretenses)时态结构和用法一般将来时总结构：will/shall（用于第一人称）+do用法：表示将来的动作或状态。will:1.表示純将来或临时的决定。2.表示意志、意愿。3.还可表现在的习惯性动作。begoingto:1.表示现在对将来的计划、打算。2.表示现在对将来的推测。bedoing:进行时表示就近将来要发生的事。betodo:表示对将来的计划、安排。beaboutto:表示即将发生的动作，句中不用表示未来的时间状语。（但当be为was/were时，则常与when状从连用）过去将来时总结构：would+do用法：参考现在将来时注意：was/were+todo:除表示曾经的计划、打算外，还可表示“后来结果，注定”的含义。　将来进行时结构：will/shallbedoing用法：将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行或持续的动作。将来完成时结构：will/shallhavedone用法：表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。常与“by+将来时间”连用。巩固练习：1.Idon’tknowifhe______.Ifhe______,I’llletyouknow.A.willcome;comesB.comes;willcomeC.comes;comesD.willcome;willcome2.She______lawthemomentshehasfinishedmid-school.A.istostudyB.isabouttostudyC.willbestudyingD.willhavestudied3.I’llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasI______it.A.finishedB.amgoingtofinishC.willfinishD.havefinished4.Insuchdryweather,theplantswillhavetobewateredifthey______.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive5.Bythetimeyougettotheairport,she______forNewZealand.A.wouldbeleavingB.hasleftC.isleavingD.willhaveleft6.It______longbeforewe______theresultoftheexperiment.A.won’tbe;willknowB.is;willknowC.won’tbe;knowD.is;know7.---DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?---Oh,no,I____.I______callhernow.A.forget;willB.forgot;willC.forget;amtoD.forgot;amto8.Wehadtobepatientbecauseit______sometimebeforewegotthefullresult.A.wouldbeB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen9.IfIcallagaininanhour,doyouthinkyourboss______?A.hadarrivedB.hasarrivedC.willhavearrivedD.willbearriving10. Ifaman______succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.A.willB.istoC.isgoingtoD.should 11.Bythistimenextyearhe______fromthiscollege.A.willbegraduatingB.shouldbegraduatingC.willhavegraduatedD.isgraduating12.Ifcitynoises_______fromincreasing,people_______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto13.Bythetimeheretires,ProfessorLi_______foralmost40years.A.willteachB.hastaughtC.willhavetaughtD.willbeteaching14.Hislettersaid,“I_______onthe7thofOctober”.A.wasarrivingB.wouldarriveC.willbearrivingD.amarriving15.Lookattheclouds._______.A.It’llrainB.It’sgoingtorainC.It’llberainingD.Itistorain16.---Thevisitorinvitedhasjustarrived,sir.---Really?Ididn’tthinkhe______untilnextweek.A.iscomingB.wascomingC.hascomeD.hadcome17.Allbutone______takepartintheconference______tomorrow.A.isgoingto；whichistoholdB.aregoingto；whichisabouttobeheldC.isgoingto；whichistobeheldD.aregoingto；whichistobeheld18.Theoldcouple______takeawalkaroundaftersupper.A.willB.shouldC.couldD.need19.Thedoor.Betterhaveitrepaired.A.isn’tshutB.hasn’tbeenshutC.won’tbeshutD.won’tshut20.---Jack,whydidn’tyoucomethedaybeforeyesterday?---I,butIhadatrouble.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did21.Let’skeeptothepointorweanydecision.A.willneverreachB.haveneverreachedC.neverreachD.neverreached22.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.andturnitoff.A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing23.AtthistimetomorrowovertheAtlantic.A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly24.Thewomencarryingbabies,comeinfirst,?A.willyouB.willtheyC.doyouD.don’tyou25.He______whenitbegantorain.A.wasleavingB.wastoleaveC.leftD.wasabouttoleave26.Ladiesandgentleman,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane.A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff27.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld28.---HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?---Justfilloutthisformandwewhatwecandoforyou.A.seeB.areseeingC.haveseenD.willsee 时态：AADDBCCBACACDABBCCBDAACCDCBCDABAABABBCCABDCDBBCBBBBAADBDCBACBCACDBBDADCAABADBAD