高考英语语法专题复习定语从句类 5页

2012届高考英语语法专题复习定语从句类定语从句：先行词，关系词，从句。定语从句:也叫关系从句,修饰一个名词或代词,或是整个句子.被修饰的词叫先行词,引导从句的关系词.(关系代词和关系副词).定语从句通常在先行词之后分类:限制性定语从句,对先行词起修饰或限制的作用;非限制性定从句,对先行词起补充说明的作用.一)关系词（关系代词或关系副词的选用原则）关系代词词行先行词充当成分who人主、宾、表Whom人宾That人&物主、宾、表Which物主、宾、表As物主、宾Whose=ofwhomofwhich人&物定语关系副词When=atinonduringwhich时间状Where=atintowhich地点状Why=forwhich原因状that在口语中可以代替关系副词以上三者状二）选用注意要点:1只能用that情况：(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：(2)如果先等词被all,littlenoneany,only,few,much,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.(3)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或者先行词是最高级时，关系代词常用that,不用which。(4)如果先等词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which.(5)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。而不用who,which.(6)who,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.(7)关系代词作表语时，关系代词用that.(8)先行词是奇数词或是序数词时，关系代词用that.(9)当主句“therebe“开头时，关系代词要用that引导的定语从句修饰该句型的主语。(10)当先行词是“tobe“后面的表语时关系代词用that.2．只能用which的情况非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。those/that+名词后的定语从句用which引导。不能用关系代词that。介词后只用which4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语。5）先行词是that时，关系代词要用which.。6）关系代词后面有插入语时，应用关系代词which. 三.of+关系代词：ofwhom表人，ofwhich表物1)在介词提前的情况下,当先行词是物时,介词后只能跟which,当先行词是人时,介词后面只能是whom,此时关系供词不可能用that,who,也可以省略.2)在含介词的动词短语中,若介词与动词分开会导致意思的变化时,介词不能提前.ThisistheEnglishdictionarywhichyou"relookingfor.3)当先行词是way时,关系代词可能that,inwhich,或者省略.Thisisthewaythat/inwhichhememorizesEnglishwords.四.关系副词：1)当先行词时时间,并在从句作状语时,用关系副词when.(at,in,on,duringwhich)I"llalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstusedE-mailtosendmessagetomyfriendsabroad.2)当先行词时地点,并在从句中作状语时,用where.(in,at,towhich)Thefactorywherehismotherworksisintheeastofthecity3)当先行词是原因,并在从句中作状语时,用关系副词why.(forwhich)Weallknowtheresonwhysheislatefortheworktoday..五限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子限制性非限制性形式上无逗号有逗号内容上先行词不是唯一的先行词是唯一的，定语从句可有可无。关系词可用that,why.作宾语可以省略不可用that,why。关系词一律不省。先行词名词或代词名词或代词，也可以使整个句子汉语翻译译作定语译成并列句定语从句练习1：1.Isthereabararound_____Icanhavesomethingtoeat? A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where2.Thehouse,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,____ofgreatimportance.A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare4.I’lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket______youmaygetall_______youneed.A.inwhich;whichB.where;thatC.where;whatD.which;that5.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedabout6.____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It7.Thefenceinourgarden,_____myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where8.Whenlostinwork,_____heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.as9.Afootballfan(球迷)is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.what10.WetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,_____wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where11.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhich12.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding____standsnearthepostoffice?A.不填B.inwhichC.thatD.where13.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher,______waswhathewantedtobe.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which14.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich15.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace_____youmayspendyourweekend.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where16.HemustbefromAfrica,____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.itD.what17.Boththegirlandherdog____werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that18.I,____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisD.whoam19.Isthisjustthecity____theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_____.A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/20.It’soneofthemostinterestingstories___Ihave___read A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever21.OnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawalady___Ithoughtwasyouraunt.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose22.Irememberthat____tookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD.allwhat23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,____theminutehandissixmetreslong.A.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whose24.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere25.____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What26.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.（04广西）A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich27.Iworkinabusiness________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.（04湖南）A.howB.whichC.whereD.that28.TherewastimeIhatedtogotoschool.（04湖北）A．a;thatB．a;whenC．the;thatD．the;when29.Therearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.（04湖北）A．thelargerB．thelargerofthemC．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofwhich30.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.（04湖北）A．thewayB．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich31.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%aresoldabroad.（04辽宁）A．ofwhichB．whichofC．ofthemD．ofthat32.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone___theycantalkfrequently.（04上海）A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom33.TheEnglishplay__mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.（04全国I）AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich34.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.（04全国IV）AonwhichBinwhichCofwhichDfromwhich35.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.（04全国II）AwhereBwhichCwhenDthat36.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.（04北京春季）A.itB.thatC.thisD.which37.---Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?---Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?(05北京)A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn38.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge .（05山东）A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis39.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(05广东)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that40.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,shewantedtobe.（05湖北）A．whoB．thatC．whatD．which41.Frank"sdreamwastohavehisownshop__toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.（05湖南）A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how42.Theplace___thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe___thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(05江苏)A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich43.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs__theyarebeingtrained.(05江西)A．inthatB．forthatC．inwhichD．forwhich44.Ihavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.（05全国1）A．ofthemB．fromwhichC．whoofD．ofwhom45.Ifashophaschairs__womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.（05上海）A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where46.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（05浙江）A．whichB．thatC．thisD．it47.____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.（05浙江）A．WhenB．AfterC．AsD．Since48.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,____hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents"Union.（05重庆）A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime49.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（05天津）A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what50.Iwalkedinourgarden,____TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（05辽宁）A．whichB．whenC．whereD．that参考答案DAABDBBDCDACDCDBDDBCABBBBACBDAADCCADBCADBCDDDACABC