高考英语语法专题精讲精练-主谓一致 3页

语法专题九：主谓一致主谓一致：即句中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致。常见规则：1.谓动常用单数形式的情况，主语为：1)不可数名词、可数名词的单数形式；2)动词不定式、动名词、单个主从；3)书名、剧名、国名、组织机构等的复数名词；4)表示时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词作为整体；5)以ics结尾的学科名词：politics,physics,mathematics,economics(经济学),statistics等；6)用and连接两个单数名词，且被each,every,no,manya修饰,如：everyboyandeverygirl；7)由and连接两个名词，且属同一概念时；8)两个单数名词由and连接，前只有一个冠词，表示“兼”；9)oneof…,onein/outof…,morethanone；thenumberof+复数名词；10)当定从的先行词为the(only)oneof…；11)在强调句Itis/was…that/who…中；12)oneandahalf后面接复数名词，谓语动词常用单数。2.谓动常用复数形式的情况，主语为：1)复数名词；由and或both…and…连接两个名词2)cattle,thepolice,people等3)the+形容词/分词，代表一类人或物4)Anumberof…,numbersof…5)Quantitiesof/Amountsof…3.谓动须根据主语具体情况而定：1)all,most,some,half,part,rest,alotof,plentyof,aquantityof,百分比、分数等：指代可数名词，谓动用复数；指代不可数名词，则用单数。2)表示集体名称的名词audience,company(伙),band,crowd,club,class,group,family,public,team,population,party等：强调整体，谓词用单数；如指具体成员，则用复数。3)单、复同形的名词，如sheep,fish,deer,means等，则根据其具体数而定。如：当every/ameans作主语时，谓语动词用单数，而allmeans作主语时，谓语动词则用复数。4)在“先行词+定从”结构中，在从句中作主语，定从谓动在人称、数上与先行词保持一致。5)由what引导主从，谓动一般用单数，但若表语为复数形式，则谓动用复数。6)由akindof,thiskindof,manykindsof,或名词+ofthiskind等以及与kind意思相近的type,sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持一致。4.就近原则：即谓动由靠近它的名词决定其单复数。主要用于下列结构中：There/Here/Such+v.+n.Not…but…;Notonly…butalso…or;Either…or…;Neither…nor…5.就远原则：当alongwith，aswellas,ratherthan,but,except,besides,with,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等连接两个名词时，谓动由前面的名词决定其单复数。巩固练习1.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandI______thatthedirectorisgoingtoresign.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknowsD.amtoknow2.Onethousanddollars______alotofmoney. A.areB.isC.wereD.was3.Inourcountry,everyboyandeverygirltheequalrighttogotoschool.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are4.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.havenotbeendecidedB.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided5.WhatIwantaninterestingbookwhilewhathewantstwocupsofcoffee.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are6.Apoetandartist______comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were7.Thecattle______soldabroadsothatthefarmershaveearnedalotofmoney.A.hasB.hasbeenC.haveD.havebeen8.Thispairoftrousersmysister.Mytrousers.A.isbelongedto;isbeingwashedB.belongsto;arebeingwashedC.belongto;iswashedD.arebelongingto;hasbeenwashed9.---eitherheorIfitforthejob?---Neitherhenoryou.A.Am;areB.Is;areC.Are;areD.Is;is10.Truthandhonesty______alwaysthebestpolicy.A.areB.isC.havebeenD.was11.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Two-fifth;isB.Two-fifth;areC.Two-fifths;isD.Two-fifths;are12.Thiskindofapples______good,butapplesofthatkind______.A.tastes;don’tB.tastes;doesn’tC.taste;don’tD.taste;doesn’t13.Morethanoneboy______forgoingtoInternetcaféwithoutbeingpermitted.A.havepunishedB.havebeenpunishedC.haspunishedD.hasbeenpunished14.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen15.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthat______appearedthisyear.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are16.ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatoftheUSA.A.wereB.areC.isD.was17.Theyoung______eatenupalmosteverything;oneandahalfbananas______leftonthetable.A.is;areB.are;isC.has;havebeenD.have;hasbeen18.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were19.Everymeanstried,butthereisnoresult.A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.were20.Betweenthetwobuildings______ourlibrary.A.isstandingB.arestandingC.standD.stands Keys:1-5ABADC6-10ADBBB11-15CADDB16-19CDCBD