初一英语语法透析（an analysis of english grammar in junior middle school） 14页

初一英语语法透析（AnanalysisofEnglishgrammarinjuniormiddleschool）一.词汇⑴单词1.介词:in,on,under,behind,nearthatof1).in表示"在......中","在......内".例如:inourclass在我们班上inmybehind在我的书包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里2).on表示"在......上".例如:onthewall在墙上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上3).under表示"在......下".例如:underthetree在树下 underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在......后面".例如:behindthedoor在门后behindthetree在树后5).near表示"在......附近".例如:neartheteacher"sdesk在讲桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在......处".例如:toschool在学校home在家tothedoor在门口7).of表示"......的".例如:apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画amapofchina一张中国地图2.冠词a/an/the: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物.冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种.不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an.a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如anapple.a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个.thisisacat.这是一只猫.it"sanenglishbook.这是一本英语书.hisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是个工人.the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物.who"stheboyinthehat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?whatareyouhiding?whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?whatareyouhiding?icanseeabehind. whatareyouhiding?where"sthebehind?whatareyouhiding?it"sonthedesk.-------你能在教室里看到什么呀?whatareyouhiding?我能看见一个书包.whatareyouhiding?书包在哪呀?whatareyouhiding?在桌子上.3.some和any①在肯定句中用some.例如:therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书.lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书.②在疑问句和否定句中用any.例如:isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?thereisn"tanywaterintheglass.杯子里没有水.⑵记住它们的特殊用法. ①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到.例如:wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃苹果吗?②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的".例如:anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个.some和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法.4.familyfamily看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式ice;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are.myfamilyisabigfamily.Myfamilyisabigfamily.Myfamilyareallathomenow.myfamilyisnowathome.Familyemphasizesagroupcomposedoffamilymembersoremphasizesthemembersofthisgroup.Homereferstotheenvironmentwhereindividualsarebornandbroughtupandwheretheylive.Houserefersto"home","house",focusingontheresidentialbuildingitself.Hisfamilyareallworkers.hisfamilyareallworkers. MyhomeisinBeijing.myhomeisinBeijing.Heisn"tathomenow.he"snotathomerightnow.It"sapictureofmyfamily.thisisapictureofmyfamily.Theusageof5.littleAlittledogapuppy,alittleboy,alittleboy.Littleisoftenusedtomodifylivingnouns.*butlittlecanalsomeannegative,meaning"less",andadduncountablenouns.Thereislittletime.isalmostoutoftime.Thereislittlewaterinthecup.haslittlewaterinthecup.ThephraseOnthedeskonthetableBehindthechairbehindthechairUnderthechairisunderthechairInherpencil-boxinherpencilboxNearthedoorisnearthedoorApictureofaclassroomapictureofaclassroom Lookatthepicture,lookatthispictureTheteacher"sdeskdeskAmapofChina,amapofChinaFamilytreegenealogyHaveaseatsitdownandsitdownThisway,gothiswayTwo.Everydayexpressions1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.2.Goandsee.Ithinkit"sLiLei.3.Gladtomeetyou.4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks.5.Canyouseeanorange?Yes,Ican./No,Ican"t.6.Where"sShenzhen? It"snearHongKong.7.Letmesee.(speaking)letmesee.Seeinthisis"understand,understand",cannotbetranslated"see"".Forexample:8.Pleasehaveaseat.Seatmeans"seat".It"sanoun.Haveaseatmeans"sitting",ortakeaseat,andthesamemeaningassitdown.Three.Grammar1.nounpossessiveTorepresentalltermssuchasrelationswiththeusuallyusedafteranoun,thepossessivenounform,meaning"......Of".Generallyhavethefollowingforms:(1).Underthegeneralsituation,endingwith""s".Forexample:Kate"sfatherKate"sdadMymother"sfriendmymom"sfriend(2)ifpluralnounsendwiths,add""".Forexample:Teachers"Dayteacher"sDay Theboys"gameboys"games(3)ifpluralnounsdonotendwiths,""s"isadded".Forexample:Children"sDaychildren"sDayWomen"sDaywomen"sDay(4).Twoormoreweresometimespossessiveshouldbeaddedtoanoun.Forexample:LucyandLily"sroomLucyandLily"sroomKateandJim"sfatherKateandJim"sdadAnimalandinanimatethingsaregenerallynotinthepossessivesuffixadded""s",andoftenusedprepositionphrasestoexpressof.AmapofChina,amapofChinaThenameofhercathercat"snameApictureofmyfamilyapictureofmyfamilyThedoorofthebedroombedroomdoorThe2.imperativesentenceImperativesentencesaremainlyusedtoexpressthespeaker"s requests,orders,suggestions,exhortationsandsoon.Theimperativesentencegenerallydonothavethesubject,readwithfallingtone.Inordertomakethetoneeuphemisticandpolite,pleaseisoftenaddedatthebeginningofthesentenceorattheendofthesentence.Attheendofthesentence,usecommasbeforeplease.(1)Imperativesentencesaffirmtheformofpredicateverbsanduseverbprototypes.Goandsee.,goandsee.Comein,please.,pleasecomein.(2)thenegativeformofimperativesentenceisoftenusedintheheadofsentencedon"t.Don"tlookatyourbooks.don"treadbooks.Don"tplayontheroad.don"tplayontheroad.Sentencestructureof3.TherebeTherebeisa"existing"sentencepattern,whichmeans"yes",Theformofaffirmativesentenceis:Therebe+noun(singularorplural)+placeadverbialortimeadverbial.Determinethepluralverbbe,seebebehindthefirstterm,when thesubjectissingularoruncountablenoun,verbformsbeis;whenthesubjectisplural,theverbbeisare;whenthebeverbfollowedbymorethantwowhenthesubject,verbandthesubjectisnearbekeepthenumberofconsistent.Thereissomeoneorsomethinginacertainplace".Suchas:Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.hasaneraserandtwopensonthetable.Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.hastwopensandaneraseronthetable.(1)thenegativesentenceoftherebe,thatis,addingnottothebackofbe.Thenegativeformis:Therebe+not+(any)+noun+placeadverbial.Thereisnotanycatintheroom.nocatintheroom.Therearen"tanybooksonthedesk.nobookonthetable.(2)theinterrogativesentenceoftherebesentencepatternistoreferbetotheheadofsentence:Bethere+(any)+noun+placeadverbial?Affirmativeanswer:Yes,thereis/are.negativeanswer:No,thereisn"t/aren"t.---Isthereadoginthepicture?Isthereadogonthepainting?---Yes,thereis.has. ---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?Isthereaboatintheriver?---No,therearen"t.not.(3)specialinterrogativesentence:Howmany..arethere(+placeadverbial)?"Howmanypeopleorthingsarethereinaplace?"Theansweris"Therebe"There"sone./Therearetwo/three/someSometimesyouanswerdirectlywithnumbers.One./Two.---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?Thereisonlyone---There"sonlyone./Therearenine.Therearenine.(4)ifanounisanuncountablenoun,use:Howmuch+uncountablenoun+isthere+placeadverbial?Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?248answer:rabinkong-two,2007-12-213:50I"llreview Thisistheanswerisnotverywide,butalsogood.RelatedcontentGradesevenEnglishgrammarbook?(PEP)202008-1-22TheEnglishgrammarinductionofgradeseveninPEP1002008-1-19JuniorhighschoolEnglishgrammarcollationonbe+adj.+prep.urgentneed,mustbecorrect~112009-7-10Englishgrammar12008-5-30Englishgrammarcontentarrangementinjuniormiddleschool202007-6-9Seethesametopic:PEPsevengradeEnglishgrammarThereare1otheranswersInfact,thefirstdayofEnglishisnottooimportant,justlikeme,thefirstdaydidnotlearn,thesecondgrade,thirdgradeeffortstolearn,seriouslylistentolectures,theexamisstillverygood~!1.rememberthewordswell,sayhello,asksomeone"sname,theheadlineofeachunitwillunderstand.2.thinkmore,readmore,recitemore. 3.takesbsth=takesthtosbPlaysports=doSportsAlotof=lofsofWant+nounswantsomething当主语是人想做某事想做某事当主语是物想做意思同上12个月及说出生年月的顺序去不能直接跟宾语（除了副词外，如：回家，去这儿，去那儿）玩直接加体育运动，不能直接加乐器，要加上一或，如：弹吉他介词后跟名词代词动名词在＋时间，如：7:00去不能直接跟宾语（除了副词外，如：回家，去这儿，去那儿）玩直接加体育运动，不能直接加乐器，要加上一或，如：弹吉他