初一英语语法总结 12页

初一英语语法知识点初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法.名词A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二）x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories；2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,way-ways四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一）单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二）特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen练习题一、写出下列名词的复数：butterfly（蝴蝶）—sky—boy—toy—wife（妻子）—life— knife—　rice--man—woman—tooth—foot—Chinese__Japanese__sheep__fish_二、翻译：两个小孩3个中国人3条鱼4只绵羊4只鹿6颗牙齿6个女人7个男人三、写出下列单词的复数形式：bird—()chick—()church—()pencilbox—()toy----()donkey—()monkey—()baby----()candy---()family---()potato---()tomato—()提高题一、选择填空：①It’sautumn,arefalling(降落)downfromtrees.A.leafB.leafsC.leavesD.leaves②Therearefiveunderthetree.A.sheepB.sheepesC.shipsD.sheeps③WhataretheseinEnglish?-____arestamps.A.TheyB.ItC.ThoseD.That二、词组翻译：一杯咖啡：一瓶牛奶：一杯茶：一条新闻（news）:一块蛋糕：B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下： 一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay妇女节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）四）、另外一种所有格是由介词of加名词构成的名词短语1.名词的所有格形式除’s外，还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两个名词间的所有关系。2.使用名词所有格须注意:一般地说，’s所有格多用于有生命的东西，of所有格多用于无生命的东西。无生命的名词在后面加名词+of+无生命例：theroofofthechurch教堂的屋顶thekeysofthecar小汽车的钥匙五）、双重所有格　　双重所有格即“of+名词’s所有格”，表示整体中的一个或部分。用于修饰of前面的名词，但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an)，two，any，some，several，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成,如：afriendofmine我的一位朋友。练习题1. __________________________(李明的父母)work inabighospital.2.   Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)3.    __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室)areverynice.4.    ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.5.   Isthis___________________________________(你的朋友的钢笔)?6.    Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).7.    ___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.8.    ___________________________________(学生们的桌子)areverynew.9.   Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).10. Heisin_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.11. Pleaseopen______________________________________(教室的门).12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite.13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校)isbigandnew.14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲)areAmerican.15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友)isfromGuangzhou.2、代词 项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性指示代词/反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves练习题1.________(I)amateacher.2.Myfatheristalkingwith_______(I).3._______(he)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool.4._______(he)teacherisgood.5._______(we)buyapairofshoesfor_______(he).6.Pleasepass_____(we)theball.7._______(they)arelisteningtotheradio.8.Thisis_______(I)book.Thatis__________(he)9._______(he)chairisblue._____________(we)isyellow.10._______(we)classroomisbig.__________(you)issmall.11._______(he)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool.12._______(he)teacherisgood._________(she)isgoodtoo.13.Mybookisblue._________(you)isred.14.Ourchairisbetterthan_________(they).二、填空1.Mydoglikes_____.我的狗喜欢她。2.Whoisthere?It’s_____.是谁啊？是我。3.Comewith_____.跟我来。4.______classroomisbiggerthan_____.你们的教室比我们的要大。5.______areChinese.我们是中国人。6.Iwanttobuysomeballoonsfor______.我想买些气球送给他。7.Theseare______photos.这些是我们的照片。8._____like______verymuch.他们非常喜欢它。9.Let_____give_____abook.让我给你一本书。10.Thisis_____father.这是我的爸爸。11.Isthatbike______?Yes,it’s______.那辆自行车是你的吗？是，它是我的。12._____like______car.我喜欢他们的小汽车。13.Ourschoolishere,and_______isthere.我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。14.Whosebikeisthis?It’s_____(=___________).这是谁的自行车？是她的。15.Isthatcar______?Yes,it’s______.那辆车是你的吗？是的，它是我的。 3、动词A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s，如下：一）一般在词后加s。如：comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二）在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四）以o结尾加es。如：does,goes五）特殊的有：are-is,have-has练习题1.MissWang____________(water)theflowersonceaday.2.AuntMaryusually____________(make)cakes.3.Mymother______________(wash)thedisheseveryday.4.He___________(like)cars.5.She____________(go)toschoolatseven.6.It___________(have)agoodname.B）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于练习题1.Look,MissZhang__________________(have)anEnglishlesson.2.Ilike_________________________(listen)totheradio.3.Hemustbe____________________(water)thegardennow.4.China’sflag_____________(have)fiveyellowstars.5.Thepupilsofclassoneoften_________________(water)flowers. 6.Lookattheboys.They___________________(boat)onthelake.7.Look!Jack____________________(make)acake.8.Listen!They____________________(sing)anEnglishsongnow.9.____________they_______________(listen)totheteachernow?二.选择填空:1.WehavefuninEnglish.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns2.Listen!Someoneintheroom.A.singB.singingC.issingingD.sings3.--Peter,whatareyoudoing?--I’mthefloor.A.sweepsB.sweepingC.sweepD.tosweep4.TheyTVnow.A.watchB.watchingC.arewatchingD.watches4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest练习题（一）写出下列形容词的比较级与最高级形式：long_________________wide___________________fat__________________heavy_________________slow_________________few__________________far_________________sorry_________________big_________________(二)填空1.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe_______(clever).2.Gold(黄金)is______(little)usefulthaniron(铁).3.Mysisteristwoyears_______(old)thanI.4.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_____(young)child.5.The_____(cheap)bagsarethenotusuallythebestones.6.Theboyisnotso______(interesting)ashisbrother. 7.Dicksings_____(well),shesings______(well)thanJohn,butMarysings______(well)inherclass.8.Shewillbemuch______(happy)inhermewhouse.5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth练习题写出下列基数词变序数词one-___________three-_______________fifteen-____________twenty-one-______________thirty-five-______________eleven-______________twelve-____________fifty-_____________two-_____________nine-______________二、初一英语语法——句式1.陈述句：i肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词)b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构)ii否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.b)Theydon’tlooknice.c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)Let’slearnEnglish!c)Comein,please.否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate.b)Don’thurry.3.疑问句1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?肯定回答:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.否定回答:a)No,heisn’t.b)No,youcan’t.c)No,shedoesn’t.d)No,theydon’t.e)No,sheisn’t.2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答It’sbig./It’ssmall.3)特殊疑问句①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies.③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com.⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m..Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfive o’clock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.What’syourfavoritecolor?It’sblack.⑨问人物Who’sthat?It’smysister.Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13问字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.14问价格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.练习题()1．Mikesitsbetween______.　　A．TomandmeB．meandTomC．TomandI　D．IandTom()2．"What"sthebird"sname？""______nameisPolly."　　　　　　A．TheirB．It"sC．ItsD．It()3．Isthatanapple______anorange?　　　　　A．andB．butC．orD．else()4．Areyou______dutytoday?　　　　　　A．onB．toC．ofD．for()5．_______.Whereisthewashroom?　　　　　　A．Iamsorry　　B．ExcusemeC．Howareyou　D．Goodbye()6．Thegirl______redismylittlesister.　　　　　　A．inB．onC．toD．of()7．LilyandLucyarenewstudents.Pleaselookafter________.　　　　　　A．theyB．himC．herD．them　()8．"Whoarethey？""Theyare______."　　　　　　A．workersB．Jim"sparentsC．athomeD．fine　()9．Thereis______intheroom.　　　　　　A．nodogB．nodogsC．noadogD．notdog　()10．It"snot______bag.______isblue.　　　　　A．my,MineB．mine,MineC．my,My　D．mine,My　(　)11．Hereareyourshoes.Please______.　　　　　A．putonitB．putthemonC．putitonD．putonthem　()12．"Canyouseethepictureonthewall?""______." 　　　　　　A．Yes,Iam　B．Yes,IcanC．Yes,Isee　D．Yes,Ido　()13．"______areyourshoes?”Theyareunderthebed."　　　　　　A．HowB．WhatC．WhereD．Which　()14．Yourmother______young.　　　　　　A．looksB．lookC．lookslikeD．looklike　()15．It"sfiveo"clock.It"stime______.　　　　A．togotohomeB．goinghomeC．gohomeD．togohome提高题一.单项选择()1.Thebusiscoming______halfanhour.　　　　A.on　　B.at　　C.for　　D.in()2.WhereisLucy?Let"sgoand______.　　　　A.lookat　　　　　B.havealook　　　　C.havelook　　　　D.havealookat()3.---Whendoyouwantto_______?---NextSaturday.　　　A.comethere　　B.gothere　　C.cometothere　　D.gotothere()4.Iwant_____breadand_______ofcoke.　　　A.apiecesof,atinof　　　B.twopiecesof,atinof　　　C.twopieceof,atinsof　　D.apieceof,twotinof()5.It"sseveno"clockinthemorning.It"stime__________.　　　　A.gotoschool　　　B.goingtoschool　　　　C.togoschool　　　D.togotoschool　()6.---_______aremyrunningshoes?---Theyareunderthebed.　　　　A.How　　B.What　　C.When　　D.Where　()7.Thegirlsareplayingvolleyball.Let"s______them.　　　　A.goandjoin　　B.gowith　　C.goandlook　　D.goandhave　()8.Theseare_______.　　　　A.orange,orange　　　　　B.oranges,oranges　　　　C.oranges,orange　　　　D.orange,oranges　()9.Thisisyourtextbook,_________　　A.Giveyou　　B.Hereyouare　　C.Heretheyare　　D.Givethem　()10.There_______aclockandtwolightsonthetable.　　　A.are　　B.is　　C.have　　D.has三、初一英语语法——时态1、一般现在时：表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be动词：She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker.情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch.练习题Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften(have)dinnerathome. 2.DanielandTommy(be)membersoftheReadingClub.3.SheandI（take）awalktogethereveryevening.4.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.5.We(notwatch)TVonweekdays.6.Nick(notdo)hishomeworkonSundays.7.they(like)theWorldCup?8.Whattheyusually(do)onholidays?9.yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?10.Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.Ⅱ.按照要求改写句子。1.   DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)DanielTVeveryevening.2.   Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)——youhomeworkeveryday？——No,I.3.   Shelikesmilk.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）-----_______shemilk?-----Yes,she.4.  SimonisfromBeijing.(同义句改写)SimonBeijing.提高题1.  按要求改写下列句子.1、Sandyhaslonghairinaponytail.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)Sandylonghairinaponytail?Yes,.2、SimonandDanielaregoodfriends.(改为否定句)SimonandDaniel______goodfriends.3、Weareintheschoolfootballteam.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)youintheschoolfootballteam?Yes,.. 4、Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)________Amy________playingcomputergames?No,________________.5、Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)We________________toschooleverymorning.6、Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)________shealwaysreadytohelpothers?No,________________.7、 Theearthgoesaroundthesun.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)________theearth________aroundthesun?Yes,________________.8、HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)He________speakEnglishwell.9、JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)Where________John________from?2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它.I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter.They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.练习题I. 用动词的适当形式填空： 1. My parents _____________（watch）TV now. 2. Look. Three boys  _______________（run）. 3. What ______ your mother ______（do）now? 4. Are___ your dog _ _____ now?（sleep） 5. ____ you _______（listen）to music? Yes, I am. 6. Look, Miss Chen _________ football.（play） 7. Tom and his sister __________（wait）for you over there. 8. Now Class 3 and Class 4__ ______（have）a test. 9. Listen, someone _____________（sing）in the classroom. 10. ——Where is Zhang Yan?  ——She ______（talk）with her teacher in the teacher’s office. II. 选择填空： （    ）1. Who ______ over there now? A. singing    B. are sing    C. is singing （     ）2. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class. A. have    B. having    C. are having  （    ）3. Listen! The boy _______.  A. crying    B. is crying    C. cries （    ）4. Don’t talk here. Grandparents ______.   A. sleep    B. is sleeping    C. are sleeping （   ）5. Is the man _______ tea or milk?  A. drinks    B. drink    C. drinking 提高题一.填空1. What________you______(do)now?I___________(eat)bread.2.   It’snineo’clock.Myfather______________(work)intheoffice.3.   Look,theboy__________(put)therubbishintothebin.               4.    _______he________(clean)theclassroom?No,heisn’t.He____________(play).5.  WhereisMak?He__________(run)onthegrass.6.  Listen,who_________(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh,Mary_________(sing)there.二．填空1. What________you______(do)now?I___________(eat)bread.2.   It’snineo’clock.Myfather______________(work)intheoffice.3.   Look,theboy_____________(put)therubbishintothebin.               4.    _______he________(clean)theclassroom?No,heisn’t.He____________(play).5.    WhereisMak?He__________(run)onthegrass.6.      Listen,who_________(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh,Mary_________(sing)there.三．将下列句子改成现在进行时1.  TomcanspeakChinese.Tom________________Chinese.2. Wehavefourlessons. We______________fourlesson3. IwatchTVeveryday.I_________________TVnow.4. Sheworksinahospital.She_________________inhospital.5.  Doyoureadthisbook?______ you  ________thisbook.6. KittyandBenhavelunchatabouttwelve.KittyandBen______________lunchatabouttwelve.7.  Hisfathercanhelpthem.Hisfather______________________them.8.   Danny,openthedoor. Danny___________________thedoor.9.  TheywatchTVintheevening.They______________TVnow.