八年级英语语法专讲--2018寒假培优作业 40页

2018寒假英语培优————英语语法专讲时态详解：一般现在时 0011. 一般现在时的应用 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常用频度副sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom，every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night，onceaweek,等做状语。如： He often stays up late. 他常熬夜。 We go home every month. 我们每月都要回家。 I watch TV at night. 我晚上看电视。 (2) 表示客观真理或永恒的状态。如： The earth travels round the sun. 地球绕太阳旋转。 Trees turn green in spring. 春天树木变绿。 Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时，液体变为气体。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 (3) 现阶段的状态。常跟时间副词now连用。如： He lives in Beijing now. 他现在住在北京。She is at home. 她在家。 They work in that factory. 他们在那家工厂工作。 (4) 习惯性的爱好或行为。如： I like dancing while she likes singing. 我喜欢跳舞，而她喜欢唱歌。 We get up at six. 我们六点起床。 He studies very hard. 他学习很刻苦。 (5) 表示已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排，并且一定要做的事情。用于这种句型的动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open等。如： The train arrives at five past eight and leaves at ten past eight. 火车八点过五分到，八点过十分离开。 Our class begins at 7:45. 我们的课七点四十五开始。 The shop opens at eight o’clock. 商店八点开门。 (6) 时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词是将来的动作或状态时，用一般现在时表示。如： If you come, we will wait for you. 如果你来，我们就等你。 When he gets here, the work will be finished. 当他到这儿时，工作将做完了。  Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided. 尽管他不赞成我们当观点，他还是会按我们的决定去做。  2. 一般现在时对谓语动词的要求 当主语为第一人称、第二人称或第三人称复数时，动词(除be第一人称单数用 am外) 用原形。当主语为第三人称单数时，动词须用第三人称单数形式。即：(1) 动词be为is；have为has。  (2) 动词后面一般加—s。如：play—plays, work—works, say—says, love—loves.  (3) 在以辅音字母加—y结尾的动词后，改y为i再加—es。如：study—studies, satisfy — satisfies, fly—flies.  (4) 在以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后面加—es。如：fix—fixes, finish—finishes, watch — watches, do — does, go — goes.  3.一般现在时的否定，疑问，肯定回答，否定回答；//am/is/are+not;don’t/doesn’t+动词原形；；；//把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，若主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原动词I．用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Weoften___________(play)intheplaygound.2.  He_________(get)upatsixo’clock.3. __________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4. What        (do)heusually      (do)afterschool?5.  Danny__________(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtanschool.6.  Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.  Ateightatnight,she__________(watch)TVwithhisparents.8.   ________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?9.   Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?10. Whattime_________hismother_________(do)thehousework?13.Myauntoften_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways__________(do)yourhomeworkwell.16.She__________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.20.－Whatday__________(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.21.Heoften_______(have)dinnerathome.26.Whattheyoften＿＿＿＿(do)onSaturdays?27.Yourparents＿＿＿＿＿(read)newspaperseveryday?28.Thegirl＿＿＿＿(teach)usEnglishonSundays.29.SheandI＿＿＿＿＿(take)awalktogethereveryevening.34.What________(do)heusually________(do)afterschool?36.Kittysometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.37.Ateightatnight,she__________(watch)TVwithherparents.38.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?39.Howmanylessons________yourclassmates______(have)onMonday?翻译：1.人人生来平等。_______________________________2.人人都会受伤，如何面对他们，取决于我们自己。——————————————————————3.生活不是一场比赛，而是一场旅行。 4.如果你够努力，任何事情都可以搞定。5.我们生活的世界充满了美景和希望。一般过去时002 1. 一般过去时的应用 ：(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,lastyear,lastmonth,in1989,justnow,attheageof16,oneday,longlongago,，theotherday,onceuponatime…如： Liu Ying was in America last year. 刘英去年在美国。 Jim rang you just now. 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如： We often went out for a walk after supper. 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。 We usually played together. 我们通常一起玩。 3. 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求 一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。规则变化则遵循以下原则：(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.  (2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。 (3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加—ed。如：supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.  (4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.   4. 特别说明 有些动词的过去时，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, want 等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如： I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。 I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。 5.一般过去时疑问句，否定句：was/were+not;didn’t+动词原形；疑问句：was或were放句首；用did提问6.usedtodo//would+动词原形一、写出下列动词的过去式1.am／is________2.do_______3.go________4.have_______5.isn’t_________6.aren’t________7.spend________8.cook_______9.read________10.clean_______11.live_______12.study_________二、用适当的词完成下列对话1.—Howwasyourweekend?—It______great.—What_______you______lastweekend?—I_______somehomework. 2.—What______she______lastweekend?—She_______tothebeach.3.—What_______theydolastweekend?—They________tothemovies.三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.We_________(enjoy)ourselvesatthepartylastnight.2.Jack____________(study)fortheEnglishtestlastSunday.3._______you______(go)totheGreatWalllastyear?4.Whatday_______(be)ityesterday?5.Theoldman_______(be)illandwenttoseeadoctor.7.We__________(visit)themuseumandwenthome.8.—How_______(be)thestudents?—Theywereveryfriendly.9.Heoften_______(have)supperathome.Todayhe______(have)supperatschool.四、句型转换1.Hecameherelastmonth.(改为否定句)He______________herelastmonth.2.Theyplayedfootballthismorning.(改为一般疑问句并作简略回答)—______they_______footballthismorning?—Yes,they_______.／No,they_________.3.TheywenttoBeijinglastyear.(就划线部分提问)__________________they________lastyear.4.TomwatchedTVlastnight.(改为一般疑问句)_______Tom_______TVlastnight?5.Marydoeshomeworkeveryday.(用lastnight改写句子)Mary_____________________________________.七、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.TomandMary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.SoI_______(get)uplate.4.There_________(be)noonehereamomentago.6.Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.12.—Whattime_______you_______(get)toBeijingyesterday?—We__________(get)toBeijingat9:00intheevening.13.What__________(make)himcry(哭)justnow?14.Lastyeartheteacher___________(tell)usthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.15.There____________atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)16.There__________notenoughpeopletopickapplesthatday.(be)17.There_____________anyhospitals(医院)inmyhometown(家乡)in1940.(benot)18.There____________enoughmilkathomelastweek,wasn’tthere?22.Jack____________(notclean)theroomjustnow.25.It________(be)hotyesterdayandmostchildren_______(be)outside.26.There________(be)afootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI_________(have)notimetowatchit.27.Heatesomebreadand_________(drink)somemilk.翻译：仔细体会一般过去时的用法，场合1.我是2000年搬家到深圳的。2.从前有个朋友，他患了癌症。3.Tom点点头然后回到了他的座位上。4.她很惊讶的发现她的狗狗丢了。5.妈妈很感动地打开了礼物。 一般将来时0031. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。标志词：tomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,inthreeweeks…如： What shall we do if he doesn’t come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？ Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？ I think he will tell us the truth. 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。 (2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如： We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。 Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。 There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。  (3) be about to + 动词原形，一般和when连用，表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。 Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。Iwasabouttoleavewhenhecamein.当他进来时我准备离开。4：否定句形式(1)..主语+be(am,is,are)  not going to+动词原形+...... 例如:(A): I am not going to play basketball tomorrow. 明天我不将踢足球.      (B). She is not/isn"t going to visit Shanghai next year. 明年她不将参观上海.     (2)..主语+will/shall not+动词原形+.....         (A). I shall not go to school the day after tomorrow。    后天我不将上学了(B). I will not write  my homework  this evening.(will notl=I won"t)  今晚我不将写作业  3.一般疑问句: (A).Am/Is,Are+主语+going to+动词原形+.... 例如 (A). --Am I going to see my grandfather tomorrow?(2).Will//shall+主语+动词原形+...     例如 (A). --Shall we play volleyball next class?   下一节课我们将打排球吗?          --Yes,you will.  是的,你们将No,youwon’t.练习题：单选题： 1. There __________ （be)a meeting tomorrow afternoon.  2. Charlie ________ (notwork)here next month.       3. He ________ (be)very busy this week, he ________ （be)free next week.         5.–________you________freetomorrow?–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;willC.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe 8.–Whereisthemorningpaper?–I________ifforyouatonce.A.getB.amgettingC.togetD.willget9.________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.Thereare10.Iftheycome,we________ameeting.A.haveB.willhaveC.hadD.wouldhave11.He________(give)herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.12.He________(write)tousassoonashe____(get)there.13.He________inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback14.Ifit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine15.–WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?–No,________（不去）.A.theywon’t.B.theywon’t.C.theyaren’t.D.theydon’t.16.Who________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoon?A.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go17.We________theworkthiswaynexttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch22.________you________freenextSunday?A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be23.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows25.–ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon?–________（好的）.A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwill.C.No,please.D.No,youwon’t.26.It________theyearofthehorsenextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtoC.willbeD.willis 27.________openthewindow?A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Doyou28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe?–OK.I________.A.willcomingB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcoming29.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takesB.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend30.Thetrain________at11.A.goingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving翻译：1.看那些云！快要下雨了。2.我会更努力努力英语。3.我明天要去上海参加会议。4.我们将在10分钟内出发。5.如果我们每个人过得更环保，我们的世界将会变得越来越好。 现在进行时004 1. 现在进行时的结构 现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如： I’m studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school. 我在育才中学读书。 He is writing on the desk. 他再课桌上写字。 They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall. 他们在谈论游长城的事情。 【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如：say—saying, play—playing, think—thinking, study—studying, teach —teaching, blow—blowing, build—building.  (2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如：love—loving, make—making, guide—guiding, date—dating.  (3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：begin—beginning, regret—regretting, plan—planning, ban — banning.  (4) 在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying.  (5) 在以-c[k] 结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking.   2. 现在进行时的应用 (1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如： They are planting trees on the mountain. 他们在山上植树。 Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 母亲在厨房做晚饭。 (2) 有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发生，或表示动作的重复。如： He is joining the army. 他要参军了。 They are buying the house. 他们要买那座房子。 (3) 当现在进行时中有 always, forever, constantly, continually修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如: Why is the baby always crying? 为什么那个老是在哭。 They are always helping us. 他们总是帮助我们。 注意：表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词，一般不使用语进行时态。 4. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别 (1) 现在进行时强调目前正在进行的动作，而一般现在时强调经常性或习惯性的动作。如： I’m reading a story now. 我在看一个故事。(目前正在干的事情)  I read stories in my spare time. 我有空时看故事。(经常性的行为) (2) 现在进行时强调现阶段一直在进行的动作，而一般现在时只表动作的重复，而不表示动作的持续。如： What are you doing these days? 这几天你在干什么？ They are learning English in the summer holiday. 他们暑假在学英语。 They read English every day. 他们每天读英语。 They play volleyball every Sunday. 他们每周星期天都打排球。 (3) 表示短促动作的动词(如 jump, knock, beat, pick, skip等)的进行时，表示动作的重复。如： The girls are jumping over there. 女孩子们在那边跳。 His heart is beating fast. 他的心脏跳得很快。一． 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。 help —      come —      swim —       eat —     give —       find —        sit  —       write —       tie  —        make —    play —          clean — catch —      walk —        ride —         run —     draw —      listen —                 begin —      dance —       watch —       sleep —     see —       have — 二．用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Look ! The boy               (read) books. 2.The girls                 (have)  breakfast  now. 3. —          he         (clean)  the blackboard?   — No, he isn’t. 4.Tom                (play) football on the playground at the moment .  5.Listen! They              (sing) in the music room.三．汉译英。 1.我们正在看电视。We   _______     TV. 2.Tom 在图书馆看书。Tom   _________       books in the library. 3.康康在操场上打篮球。Kangkang is playing basketball ____________     . 4.他此刻正在睡觉。He is sleeping  ____________        .  5.玛利亚在做什么？What  ____   Maria  ____    now? 6.你在做作业吗？     ___  you   ___     your homework ?四．句型转换。 1.I am running on the playground .(变否定句)  I  ___________      on the playground . 2.She is dancing in the gym.(变一般疑问句，并做肯定回答)       ________    dancing in the gym ？Yes,  ______ 3.They are sleeping at the moment.(划线部分提问)    _________   they   ____  at the moment ?  过去进行时005 1. 过去进行时的结构 过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如：  I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。 We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。  2. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点 (1) 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如： He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。 (2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如： I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动？ (3) 过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如： He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。3. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 (1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如： He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)  He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)  (2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如： I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 (3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。如： He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。10. He asked _______ outside . A. who are singing   B. who was singing   C. who singing was   D. who is singing (   )11. A: How did the accident happen ? B: You know , it ______ difficult to see the road clearly because it _____ . A. was „. was raining      B. is „ has rained C. is „ is raining           D. will be „ will rain (   )12. She_________ apples in her garden when I_________ to see her yesterday. A. picked，went       B. was picking， went C. picked，was going    D. was picking，was going 13. She _____ the room when I went to see her . A. doesn’t clean   B. isn’t cleaning   C. didn’t cleaning  D. wasn’t cleaning (   )14. The Reads _______ lunch when I got to their house . A . were having   B. was having  C. are having   D. is having (   )15. I ____ an old friend of mine when I ______ in the street yesterday afternoon . A. met... was walking        B. was meeting ... walked C. was meeting ... was walking     D. met ... walked  (   )16. One day when I _______ the post office , I _____ my uncle . A. pass... say              B. was passing ... saw C. passed ... was seeing      D. am passing ... am seeing 17.The student ______ to move the bag of rice _______ he heard the sound of a motorbike . A. was running... when      B. was running ... while C. runs ... when           D. ran ... while (   )18. Mark ________ while he ________ up and down. A. falls...is jumping          B. fell...was jumping C. was falling...was jumping    D. felt...was jumping (   )19. While she ______ TV in the sitting room , the bell ______ . A. watches „ rings            B. is watching „ rang C. was watching „ rang       D. watched „ was ringing (   )20. The little girl was ______ her cat while her mother was _____ the piano . A. playing „ playing        B. playing „ playing with C. playing with „playing     D. playing with „playing with 1. I , with my sister , sometimes ______ swimming in the river. (go) 2. He __________ the film with us last night. (not see) 3. You draw quite well. I think you _______ a good painter in the future. (be) 4. One Sunday morning the man upstairs heard the sound of children ________ in the park. (play) 5. Mother __________ vegetables in the garden now. (grow) 6. My father ______________ some washing when I got home yesterday evening. (do) 7. Somebody knocked on my window when I __________ TV last night. (watch) 8. Grandma ___________ breakfast while I was doing my homework this morning. (cook) 4.I ________(live)in the village when I was a child. 5.Mike______(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.   6.Sam_____ (do) the housework yesterday. 7.______(do) you _______(enjoy) yourself yesterday? 8.______(do)you _________(play) the violin in the artroom yesterday?  No, I didn"t. I_____(draw)some pictures there. 翻译：1.当我到家的时候，妈妈正在煮饭。2.当别人在操场玩耍上时他不想待在教室里。3.昨晚7到9点时，我们一家人在吃饭。4.老师走进教室的时候，学生们正在讨论当天的新闻。5.今天上午放学的时候在下雨吗？是的，天正下着大雨。将来进行时0061. 将来进行时的基本用法 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作： Don’t phone me between 5 and 6. We’ll be having dinner then. 五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。 When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。 2. 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作 I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你。 I’ll be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。 We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦。 3. 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别 (1) 两者基本用法不一样：将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作，一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作：  What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？  What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么？ (2) 两者均可表示将来，但用将来进行时语气更委婉，比较： When will you finish these letters? 你什么什候处理完这些信件？(直接询问，如上司对下属)When will you be seeing Mr White? 你什么时候见怀特先生？(委婉地询问，如下属对上司) When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还钱？(似乎在直接讨债) When will you be paying back the money? 这钱你什么时候还呢？(委婉地商量) (3) 有时一般将来中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况： Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿) Mary won’t be paying this bill. 不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况) 练习：2.Theplaneatthepresentspeeduntilitcrossesthemountainatabouttentonight.A. wouldgoB.wentC.willbegoingD. goes3.Mr.Smithwillnotbeabletoattendthemeetingtonightbecause______then.A. hemusthaveaclassB. hewillbeteachingaclassC. heteachesaclassD. hewillhavebeenteachingaclass7.----CouldyougivethesebookstoMr.Black?----Absolutely,_______himatfiveo’clockthisafternoon.A.IwillhaveatalkB.IhaveatalkwithC.IcanhaveatalkwithD.Iwillbehavingatalkwith8.I’mafraidIwon’tbeavailablethen.I_____afriendoffatthreethisafternoon.A.seeB.amseeingC.willseeD.willbeseeing9.NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.They____somethingbyMozartatthattime.A.playB.willbeplayingC.aregoingtoplayD.aretoplay.10.---Whatareyoudoing,Jack?---Makeamodelplane.I____itinthescienceclassat10o’clocktomorrowmorning.A.willbeshowingB.amgoingtoshowC.showD.haveshowed11.We_____adebateonsomeenvironmentalissuesallafternoontomorrow.A.willbehavingB.amhavingC.amgoingtohaveD.have14.---Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?---Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_____thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willbefinishingC.arefinishingD.finish17.Themeetingwastoat9o’clockbutthemanageruntiltwentyminuteslater.A.start;didn’tturnupB.havestarted;didn’tturnupC.start;hadn’tturnedupD.bestarted;hadn’tturnedup19.Ifthebuildingproject_____bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompany_____fined.A.willbecompleted;istobeB.tobecompleted;willbeC.beingcompleted;willbeD.completed;was20.----Irangyouataboutten,butnooneansweredthephone.----Oh,thatwasprobablywhenI_______myneighbor.A.visitedB.wasgoingtovisitC.wasvisitingD.hadvisited22.----Henry,fancymeetingyouhere.----Oh,it’syouJack.Sorry,I______you______tome.A.didn’tthink;werespeakingB.don’tthink;spoke C.didn’tthink;wouldspeakD.thought;arespeaking25.I_______________theofficewhenthetelephonerang.A.wasabouttoleaveB.wouldleaveC.leftD.wastoleave29.----Mom,Igotthefirstprizeinthespellingcontest.----Oh,howgreat!Daddywillbesoproudofyou.He_____you_____towin.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.hadn’tthought;weregoing二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He__________(lie)ononeofthesunnybeachesinHawaiialldaywhenhespendshisholidaythere.2.Don’tcallmebetween2:00and4:00thisafternoon.I________(have)antestthen.3.Nobodyknewwhat________(happen)totheEarthinacentury’stime.4.Mr.LeesaidhewouldgivetheCDtomeassoonashe______(return)fromCanada.5.Whenwewereyoung,father________(take)usforaspecialtreatonMother’sday.6.----DidyouinviteSarahtoyourbirthdayparty?----Sorry,Iforget.I_______(call)hernow.8.I__________(tell)youaboutmyplan,butyoustoppedmebeforeIcouldspeak.9.Willyou__________（use）yourcomputerthistimetomorrow?10.I__________(close)thekitchendoorwhenalittlemousepoppeditsheadout.三、中译英1.我正打算往河里跳时看见水里出现一条蛇。2.下个月的今天我们将乘飞往去南美洲。3.据报道，这名司机当事故发生时这名司机正在通电话。4.她本打算今年暑假去欧洲旅行，但金融危机使她丢了工作。5.我的朋友告诉我他下个月就开始他的研究计划。现在完成时———王中王，一定要仔细学！！！ 0071）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女儿刚出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我们以前见过面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.这些日子我没有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我们没有见到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他们离开已经两年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.6.havebeento和havegoneto的区别havebeento强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如： HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）havegoneto主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：--Where"syourmother?--你妈妈在哪？--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去医院了。一结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他Yes,主语+have/has.No,主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他二常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，sofar,howlong提问的疑问句中.......　　Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.　　Ihaven"tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).　　Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.　　Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?2.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,　　如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:　　HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing　　IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.　　Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.　　Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.3.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,　　如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:　　Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.　　Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.三当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1.持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,sit,stand,lie,keep等。2.瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的--begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等3.瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换 Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.（他参军已有3年了。）不用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.（她起床已有好久了。）不用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用hasleft常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、go—beaway2、come—behere3、comeback—beback4、leave—beaway（benothere）5、buy—have6、borrow—keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish—beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow—know14、turnon—beon15、getup——beup16、sitdown—sit/beseated17、join—bein（…）或bea…member18、become—be4.瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.（好久没见到你了。）四区别下面三组词Havebeento表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Havegoneto表示去了，还未回来Havebeenin表示一直在某个地方五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。　　IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastmonth.我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。　　1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。　　　2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。　　一般过去时的时间状语:　　yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语　　共同的时间状语:　　thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,recently，lately　　现在完成时的时间状语　　for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,六现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+not+主语主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+主语现在完成时的练习（一）一.单项选择1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim. Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMr.Li______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.　—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven____Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?　　—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?　　—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemad113、—Howlonghaveyou____here?　　—Abouttwomonths.Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.Arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.Began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.Was16、MissGreenisn"tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.　　Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento　　Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity 一.句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）　Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________二.汉译英。1.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。（just）2.我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never)3.你已经看过这部电影了吗？4.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。5.他们已去了美国五年了。(for)现在完成时练习（二）I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I"llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein. 13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I"velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?III.Rewritethesentences.1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句) I__________________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.(就划线部分提问)_____________hecometoschool?3.Iboughanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)  I____just____anewbike.4.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We________English____threeyears5.Hehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑问句）6.Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（动词填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?---I____tothezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?七用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”时态专项练习008 一．用所给词的适当形式填空：（30分）1.Listentothelittlegirl.She___________________(recite)apoem.2.________yoursister___________(study)inthisschooltwoyearsago?3.I________________(notgo)tothecitynextweek.4.Theyeatgrapes_________________(bring)goodluck.5.Youneedn’t_______________(come)heresoearly.6.Dotheyoftengo_______________(climb)mountains?7.They_______________________(leave)heretomorrow. 8.Ispendtwohours_______________(do)myhomeworkeveryday.9.Whilewe________________(wait)forthebus,agirl___________(run)uptous.10.Ifit_____________(notrain)tomorrow,wewillgotothezoo.11.I__________already___________(see)thefilm.I__________(see)itlastweek.12.They________________(notmake)amodelshipwhenIsawhim.14.There________________(be)atalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.15.MymothertoldusthatTaiwan_________________(be)partofChina.16.Afterhecomesback,I________________(tell)youtoknow.17.Heneeds________________(go)toseeadoctor.18.---Whatareyoudoing?---I___________(write)andhe_____________(watch)TV.19.Heturnedoffthelightandthen________________(leave).20.Theboywasmade________________(stand)thereforanhourbyhisfather.21.Theteacher________________(come)rightaway.22.AsI______________(walk)inthepark,it________________(begin)torain.23.Whilemother_____________(put)Cathytobed,thedoorbell____________(ring).24.He___________________(borrow)thisstorybookfortwoweeks.25.____________you_____________(find)yoursciencebookyet?26.---What________you_______(do)atthattime?  ---We_________________(watch)TV.27.Thebesttime_______________(go)toYunnanisinspring.28.Canyoutellmeifit_________(snow)tomorrow?29.---Where’sLiMing?---He______________(go)totheteacher’soffice.30.You‘dbetter____________________(notwatch)toomuchTV.二．单项选择：（50分）1.Themotheraskedtheboy___________downtheladder,buthewenton___________instead.A.come;climbingB.tocome;toclimbC.tocome;climbingD.coming;climbing2.Look!Theboy________________withhismotherinthepool.A.isswimmingB.isswimmingC.areswimmingD.areswimming3.---Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.---Iwon’t.Assoonashe_____________,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming6.TheGreens________________Chinaforfiveyears.A.hasbeeninB.havebeeninC.wenttoD.hasgoneto7.Isawhim__________________intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone8.Heturnedoffthelightandthen_______________.A.leavesB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left10.---Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?---Great!We___________withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends12.Theteacheraskedthestudentstoclosethewindows__________thewindfrom_______thepapersaway.A.tostop;blowingB.stopping;blowingC.tostop;blowD.stopped;blow13.---_________youever__________totheUS?---Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,going14.---WhatisTomdoingintheclassroom?---He__________somethingontheblackboard.A.drawsB.drawC.isdrawingD.aredrawing.15.DoesMr.Know-allknow________________keys?A.tomakeB.howtomakeC.howmakeD.making17.---Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.---Really?Where_________he__________?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go18.Whileayoungman____________her,she______________herwork.A.watched…wasdoingB.waswatching…didC.watched…didD.waswatching…wasdoing19.Ifit________________tomorrow,Iwillgobycar.A.rainB.willrainC.rainsD.wouldrain20.Wearealwaysready_________________others.A.tohelpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helping21.---LiuMeican’tcometonight.---Why?Butshe____________meshewouldcome.A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold 22.----DoyouknowLydiaverywell?---Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned23.Theteachertoldusthatlight______________muchfasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.wasD.willbe24.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.We________________tothemusic.A.arelisteningB.listenC.listenedD.havelistened25.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He________________theBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto26.Theclothes_______________verysoft.A.arefeltB.arefeelingC.feelD.feels29.Herhope__________________the2008OlympicGames.A.totakepartinB.istotakepartinC.takingpartinD.willtakepartin31.Mygrandpadied____________________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.32.Theboywasmade________________thereforanhourbyhisfather.A.standingB.standC.tostandD.stands33.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth______________aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves34.Nobody__________________howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing35.---WhatdidMr.Jonesdobeforehemovedhere?---He____________________acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives36.I_____________thattheboy______________withnotearsinhiseyes.A.noticed…cryedB.noticed…criedC.noticed…cryingD.noticed…cryed37._____________yourbrother_____________aletterto?---Myfather.A.Who…wroteB.What…wroteC.Whodid…writeD.Whatdid…write38.He_______________somecookingatthattime,so____________me.A.did…heardB.did…didn"thearC.wasdoing…heardD.wasdoing…didn"thear39.---"________youangrythen?"---"They____________toomuchnoise.”A.Are…weremakingB.Were…weremakingC.Are…madeD.Were…made40.We_______________forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus_____________.A.werewaiting…waitingB.werewaiting…waitC.waited…waitingD.waited…wait41.Mother________meanewcoatyesterday,I__________iton.Itfitsmewell.A.hasmade…havetriedB.made…havetriedC.hasmade…triedD.made…tried42.She__________thatshe___________herbesttohelpthemthenextterm.A.says…willdoB.said…willdoC.said…woulddoD.says…woulddo43.Ioftenhearher____________________abouttheboy.A.talkingB.talkC.totalkD.talked44.I______________theway.I_________________hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…havelivedB.knew…liveC.know…havelivedD.know…live45.-–Oh,Mrs.King,yoursweaterlooksnice.Isit_________________wool?---Yes,andit’s_____________________InnerMongolia.A.madeof,madebyB.madeof,madeinC.madeby,madeforD.madeby,madefrom46.________you_________thefilmbefore?Where________you________it?A.Have…seen…did…seeB.Did…see…die…watchC.Have…seen…have…seenD.Did…see…have…seen47.You____________aboutthefuturenow,___________you?A.don"tthink…don"tB.aren"tthinking…aren"tC.don"tthink…doD.aren"tthinking…are48.Mr.Smith____________shortstories,buthe_____________aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes49.Heraisedhisvoicetomakeeverybodyintheroom_____________himclearly. A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard50.Mr.LuXundiedin1936.He_______alotoffamousnovels.A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite非谓语动词专练009一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况。1.动词：*以下记住每一个词组的第一个动词。finishdoingsth.完成做某事enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持续做某事,missdoing错过做,advisedoing建议做；keepsbdoing让某人一直做2.固定短语：feellikedoingsth.喜欢做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事；beworthdoing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；havedifficult/troubleindoingsth做某事有困难；havefundoing.做某事高兴3.介词后(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等)：如：begoodatdoingsth.；thankyoufordoingsth.；giveupdoingsth.；stopsb.fromdoingsth.；dowellindoingsth.；beafraidofdoingsth.；beinterestedindoingsth.；beproudof；insteadof；befondof；what/howaboutdoingsth?做某事怎么样？4.to作介词时，后跟动名词的情况：lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事；preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…；payattentiontodoing注意做某事；be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事；makeacontributiontodoing为…做贡献5.No+动名词，表示禁令：Nosmoking禁止吸烟Noparking禁止停车6.go+动名词，意思是去进行某种活动或运动：goshopping,去购物；goskating,去滑冰；gohiking去远足（旅行）7.dosome/the+动名词，指进行某种活动：dosomecleaning,搞卫生；dosomewashing洗衣服；二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况。1.动词：agree（sb）todo同意去做； affordtodo买得起；decidetodo决定去做某事；hopetodo希望去做；wish（sb）todo希望去做；failtodo做某事失败去；plantodo打算去做；pretendtodo假装去做；refusetodo拒绝去做；wouldliketodo想要去做；want（sb）todo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodosth好像做某事；want/wouldliketodosth.想做……；usedtodosth.过去常做某事2.句型：(1)动词：allowsb.todosth.允许某人去做某事（区分allowdoingsth）asksb.(not)todosth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tellsb.(not)todosth.叫某人去（不要）做某事followsb.todosth.跟随某人去做某事getsb.todosth.让某人去做某事warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做、expectsbtodo期待某人做invitesbtodo邀请某人做、teachsbtodo教会某人做advisesbtodo建议某人做（区分下advise/suggestdoingsth）(2)Be+adj（情感类的形容词）+todobeamazedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事beexcitedtodosth.对做……感到兴奋befrightenedtodosth.害怕去做某事beglad/happytodosth.高兴去做某事be/getreadytodosth.准备做某事besorrytodosth.对做某事感到抱歉besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊奇（3）动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。如：1、achancetodosth做某事的一个机会2、thewaytodosth做某事的办法3、thebesttimetodosth做某事的最佳时间4、somethingtoeat一些吃的东西5、somethingtodrink一些喝的东西6、alotofworktodo许多要做的工作如:get/haveachancetodosth.得到一个做某事的机会 （4）It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of)+sb+todosth对某人来说做某事怎么样l分析：形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既todosth时，人前的介词用for；但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of.如：①It’shardformetolearnEnglishwell.（句子hard是修饰动词不定式tolearnenglishwell，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是forsb.）②It’skindofyoutohelpme.（句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人)意为你善良，所以介词用ofsb.）（5）其它的常考情况：Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）It’sbestforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是最好的It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人做某事的时候了can’twaittodosth.迫不急待地去做某事too…(forsb.)to…太……以致不能……（和not…enoughtodo意思相同）prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿……而不愿……（常考注意：Ipreferplayingbasketballtogoingfishing.和Iprefertoplaybasketballratherthangofishing.和Iwouldratherplaybasketballthangofishing.这三句是同义句）sth.ishard/difficult/easytodo做好某事很难/容易taketurnstodosth.轮流做……Thereisnotime(forsb.)todosth.对（某人来说）没时间做某事了Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.对某人来说没必要做某事try/doone’sbesttodosth.尽力去做某事三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况。1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词。有些动词接动名词V.+ing和动词不定式todo意义相近。如：like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：分析：liketodo表示想要做某一具体的动作；likedoing表示一般或抽象的多次动作,它们在实际使用中区别很小。2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：remembertodo(记住去做),rememberdoing(记得做过);forgettodo(忘记去做),forgetdoing(忘记做过);trytodo(设法做),trydoing(试着做);goontodo(接着做另一事),goondoing(继续做同一事);stoptodo(停下来去做),stopdoing(停止做);can’thelptodo(不能帮助做),can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)。四、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况。1．在感官动词和使役动词后：feel，hear，listento，watch，lookat，see，notice，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。2.助动词或情态动词后：do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不带to 的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中：1）Will（Would）youplease（not）．．．？请（不要）做某事好吗？2）hadbetter最好做某事3）Whynot．．．？为何不做某事4)wouldrather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...。5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。6）接省to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：（使役动词）1.】makesbdo使某人做2.】letsb.do让某人做3.】havesbdo使某人做4.】helpsbdotodo帮助某人做五．既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。1.see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做：see/watchsb.dosth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事see/watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事hearsb.dosth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事hearsb.doingsth.听到某人正在做某事2.有些动词具有不同的词义时，用法不同：如：need需要，必须(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词)①sbneedtodo某人（做主语）需要做某事②sthneeddoing=sthneedtobedone某事（做主语）需要被做如：Thebikeneedsrepairing.含被动之意，相当于Thebikeneedstoberepaired.③Youneedn’t(译：不必)come。这里need为情态动词。3.动词过去分词作后置定语，有被动之意。（1）一个叫…的（人，地名），如：aboycalled/namedJim.aplacecalledLiaoning.aplacecalledDayushu.（2）某人写的书，如：abookwrittenbyLuXun初中英语总复习专项练习—非谓语动词I．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Isitnecessary____________(learn)aforeignlanguage?2.Heisgoodat_____________(swim).3.Doyouhaveanything____________(say)foryourself?4.It’sspringnow.it’stime_____________(plant)trees.5.Don’tkeepme_______(wait)foralongtime.6.Thepolicemantoldtheboysnot____________(play)inthestreet.7.Hersonistooyoung__________(dress)himself.8.Theice_________(cover)withsnowisdangeroustowalkon. 9.Chinadoesn’twant___________(copy)theUSA’sexample.10.Let’s_________(have)arest,shallwe?11.Thespeakerspoketooquicklyforus____________(understand).12.Thebookseemseasy__________(read).13.Iaskedhim__________(show)mehisnewpen.14.A__________(break)carisparkedatthecorneroftheroad.15.Knivesareusedfor______________(cut)things.16.What’shis_____________(give)name,doyouknow?17.Ireallydon’tknowwhat__________(do)next.18.Ioftenhearpeople_________(say)“__________(see)is____________(believe)”.19.You’dbetter_________(try)thismedicine.20.Theysaidtheyhadnothing_________(worry)about.21.Canyoufinish___________(read)thebookinthreedays?22.Ihavebeenbusyallthesedays.Ireallywant__________(relax)myself.23.Thedoctorwasbusy___________(operate)ontheboyatthattime.24.Maryopenedthedoorforhim_______(come)in.25.______(tell)youthetruth,Idislikemakingfriendswithhim.26.Hiswishwas____________(become)adoctor.27.Stop___________(talk)andlistentomecarefully.28.Thankyouverymuchfor____________(help)us.29.Grannyisveryillandshedoesn’tfeellike___________(eat)anything.30.Wouldyoulike__________(climb)themountainwithme?31.Thegirlenjoys___________(listen)tolightmusic.32.Doyouremember___________(buy)meabeautifulskirtonmy13thbirthday?33.Whichofthefollowingthingswouldyoulike_________(own)?34.Wecouldn’thelp________(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystory.35.Whatabout_________(go)outforawalk?36.Theboywastooshort___________(reach)thetoyonthedesk.37.Ifoundaman__________(lock)thedoorwhenIpassedby.38.Iwaswrong_____________(speak)toheraboutit.39._________(be)honest,Ijustdon’tlikehim.40.MrFangpromised__________(provide)somehelptothevillageschool.II．选择填空。41.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating42.Howlongdidyouspend____yournewhouseyesterday?A.todecorateB.decorateC.decoratingD.decorated43.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had44.----Lily,keepthewindow____.Thesandstormhasn’tstoppedyet.----OK,I’lldothat.A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened45.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen46.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played47.Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done48.----DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?----Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing49.Theheadmaster’swordsarequite_____.A.encouragedB.encouragementC.encouragingD.encourage50.Whynot____?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome51.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday. A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork52.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made53.Hestoodtherefortwohours____thegame.A.watchedB.watchingC.iswatchingD.waswatching54.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedoutC.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout55.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned56.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____?A.tomakefriendsB.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith57.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat58.----Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?----ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone59.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith60.JohnaskedDavidhow____Christmas.A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate61.----Excuseme,sir.Lookatthesignonthewall“NO____”.----Oh,I’msorry.I’llneverdoitagain.A.PARKEDB.SMOKEC.SPITTINGD.SMOKED62.----Boysandgirls,willyouplease____theparkthisafternoon?----OK.A.notcleaningoutB.nottocleanoutC.tocleanupD.cleanup63.Doyoupractice______Englisheverymorning?A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spoken64.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom____theearthaway.A.blowB.blowingC.blewD.toblow65.WeallconsideredMrZhao____teacher.A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest66.Mysisterusedtobefondof____tabletennis.A.playB.playedC.playingD.toplay67.Howabout____?A.togooutforawalkB.goswimmingintheriverC.visitingthesickchildreninthehospitalD.tohavinglunchintherestaurant68.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry69.Haveyoudecided____?A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo70.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin71.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds72.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelonC.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith73.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave74.Jennyisinterestedin____inherfreetime.A.listenedtotheradioB.readingmagazinesC.watchTVD.playstennis75.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking. A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive76.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect77.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.A.work;thanworkB.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork78.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing79.Sheis____withhermotherthisafternoon.A.goingtoshoppingB.goingshoppingC.goingtobeshoppingD.gotoshop80.Theresultofthegameis____.A.frustrateB.frustratingC.frustratedD.frustrates81.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven82.Herbrotherwas____atherwords.A.annoyB.annoyingC.annoyedD.beingannoying83.Aftertheearthquake,almostallthewindowsare____.A.breakB.brokeC.brokenD.breaking84.Theyarelookingforwardto____allovertheworld.A.travelB.traveledC.travelingD.betraveled85.Wouldyoumind____becausethere’resomanychildren____here?A.smoke;playB.smoking;playingC.notsmoking;playD.notsmoking;playing86.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean87.____Englishismucheasierthanspeakingit.A.ReadB.ToreadC.ReadingD.Reads88.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew89.Whenhewasintheoffice,hepreferred____something____nothing.A.todo;thandoB.todo;ratherthanC.doing;ratherthandoingD.doing;todoing90.It’stoohottoday.Whynot____yourcoat?A.takenoffB.totakeoffC.takeoffD.takingoff91.Ifind____himallaboutit.A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell92.Theoldmanseems____inagreathurry.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing93.I____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtoliveinC.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive94.Myunclehasgivenup____.Helooksveryhealthynow.A.smokeB.smokedC.tosmokeD.smoking95.I’msorry____yousomuchtrouble.A.takeB.tohavegivenC.tofindD.tohaveproduced96.Youarenotexpected____suchlonghours.A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work97.Therearemanygirls____inthepoolA.swimB.swamC.swimmingD.toswim98.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar.A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying99.Herhobbyis____modelplanes.A.collectedB.collectingC.madeD.make 100.Themanpretended____whenwesawhim.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating非谓语复习0101：Thegroundiswithleave.A.covered;fallingB.covered;fallenC.covering;fallingD.covering;fallen2：Itwasstupidyouradvice.A.formetonottakeB.formenottotakeC.ofmetonottakeD.ofmenottotake3:---Didyougetyourpay?---Yes,Iremember.ButIforgettheexactamount.A.beingpaidB.tobepaidC.payingD.havingpaid4:ofreading,heputdownthebookandstoppedTV.A.Tiring;watchingB.Tiring;towatchC.Tired:towatchD.Tired:watching5:Itisimportantabeginnerthecorrectpronunciationofaforeignlanguagewhenhestudiesit.A.of;toteachB.for;tobetaughtC.of;tobetaughtD.for;tohavetaught6:ThatArabsaidthathehadneverheardofapilot.A.woman’sbeingB.awomantobeC.awoman’stobeD.awomanbeing7:Wehavenotdecidedtherebybusoronfoot.A.togetB.gettingC.iftogetD.whethertoget8:Imustapologizeforaheadoftime.A.notlettingyouknowB.lettingyounotknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9:---Didyouhavetroublewithyourcarthismorning?---Yes,butIfinallymanaged.A.togetitstartB.getitstartingC.togetitstartedD.gettingitstarted10:IpreferstudyingEnglishathomethematch.A.towatchingB.ratherthanwatchingC.ratherthanD.towatch11:Iknewhedidn’tlistentome,butIwentontogethimintheplan.A.tohope;interestingB.tohope;interestedC.hoping;interestedD.hoping;interesting12:-Ican’tmakeoutwhetherthisfigureisathreeoraneight.-Perhapsyouneedyoueyes.A.examining;(不填)B.tohave;examinedC.tohave;examiningD.tobe;examining13.Isawyourfatherunderthetree,.A.seat;thinkingB.seating;thoughtC.seated;thinkD.seated;thinking14:Thelibraryneeds,butit’llhaveuntilSunday.A.toclean;towaitB.toclean;waitingC.cleaning;towaitD.cleaning;waiting15:manytimes,theysucceededtheexperiment.A.Havingtried;indoingB.Tried;inbeingdoneC.Havingtried;todoD.Tried;doing16:“Wemustkeepasecretofthethingshere”,thegeneralsaidatthemaninchargeoftheinformationoffice.A.discussed;staredseriouslyB.beingdiscussed；seriouslystaringC.tobediscussed；seriouslystaredD.havingbeendiscussed;andseriouslystared17:HedidhisbesttomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.A.understand;spokenB.hear;spokenC.heard;speakingD.understood;spoken18:Mygrandpalikesyoungpeoplebasketball.A.towatch;playB.watching;toplayC.watching;playingD.towatch;playing19:---Whomshouldthemessagebesentto?---Myfatheristheone.A.tosentitB.tobesenttoC.forsentingitD.tosentitto20:Ididn’tfeellike,sohesuggestedanEnglishletterrightnow.A.reading;practicingwritingB.reading;topracticetowriteC.toread;topracticewritingD.toread;topracticewrite21:Theyknowherverywell.Theyhadseenherupformchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow 22:Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfact,itisverycomfortableto.A.sitB.sitonC.besetD.besaton23:Therewasaterriblenoisethesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed24:---Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?---I’dliketohavethispackage,madam.A.beweightB.tobeweightC.toweightD.weight25:LastsummerItookacourseon.A.howtomakedressB.howdressbemadeC.howtobemadedressD.howdresstobemade26:Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing27:She’supstairsletters.A.writesB.iswritingC.writeD.writing28:Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard29:Themurdererwasboughtin,withhishandsbehindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiredC.tobetiedD.tired30:OnSaturdayafternoon,MrGreenwenttothemarket,Somebananasandvisitedhiscousin.A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buy31:Janewasmadethetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing32:Mrsmithwarnedherdaughterafterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.neverdriveC.neverdrivingD.everdrive33:IcanhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed34:---Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?---Whichdoyourself?A.doyourratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather35:areplay,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived36:Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaughtandletheroff.A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing37:LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenC.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking38:---Iusuallygotherebytrain.---WhynotbyboatforachangeA.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing39:Iwouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.A:youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling40:isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk41:“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing42:Thecomputercentre,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened43:CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented44:Howaboutthetwoofusawalkdownthegarden.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking45:downtheradio---thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TuringB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn46:ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,Thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added47:ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignLanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written48:Shesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived 49:Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet50:Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseabjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregretthat.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone51:SuchpeopleareA.respectB.torespectC.toberespectingD.toberespected52:Thereisnothingtodoexcepttillitshopssnowing.A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits53:Iamsorryyousomuchtrouble.Andthankyouforyouhelp.A.togiveB.tohavegivenC.givingD.gave54:Shewassorryshehadgotnoknife.A.tocutB.cuttingC.tocutitD.tocutitwith55:Thenovelissaidlastmonth.A.topublishB.tobepublishedC.publishD.tohavebeenpublished56:Shedoesn’tlike.A.praisedB.topraisedC.tobepraisedD.praising57:youthetruth.Idon’twanttotellyouaboutit.A.TotellB.TellingC.TobetoldD.Told58:---Doyouwanttogiveatalkonthatsubject?---.A.Iwouldn’tprefer.B.IprefernotC.IprefernottoD.Iprefertonot59:---InclassyoushouldlistentoMissGaoEnglishA.tospeakB.speakC.speaksD.spoke60:Weasktoworkinthecountryside.A.tobesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending61:Catchingthefirstbuswillmeanatfiveo’clock.A.togetupB.getupC.gettingupD.gotup62:Thetelevisionisamachine.A.newly-inventingB.newly-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention63:Englishisoneofthewidelylanguage.A.useB.usingC.usedD.touse64:Deeply,Ithankedhimagainandagain.A.touchedB.touchC.touchingD.totouch65:thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.A.BeingclosedB.ClosedC.HavingclosedD.Toclose66:Themotherssawtheirchildrenwellatthenursery.A.takingcareofB.totakecareofC.tobetakencareofD.takencareof67:fromhislooks,heisakindman.A.JudgingB.BeingjudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge68:Theboy’sbodywascoveredwithanationalflag,.A.lefthisfaceexposedB.tohavehisfaceexposingC.leavinghisfaceexposingD.leavinghisfaceexposed69:WhenIgothome,Ifoundthegasbutthedoorremained.A.burned;lockingB.burning;lockingC.burning;lockedD.toburn;tolock70:thatitwasgoingtosnow,theclimbersdecidestoputofftheirattemptonthehighestpeak.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldD.ToldD.Telling71:I’llneverforgetParisforthefirsttime.A.tovisitB.visitB.visitingD.visited72:Thestudentsarebusyfortheexamination.A.prepareB.preparingC.toprepareD.tobeprepared73:Iregrethardatschool.A.nottostudyB.nothavingstudiedC.notstudyD.havingnotstudied74:Yourcarneed.A.tooilB.beingoiledC.oilD.oiling75:TheoldmanneedsA.lookafterB.lookingafterC.beinglookedafterD.tolookafter76:Theproblemisworth.A.discussingB.discussC.beingdiscussedD.discussed77:Insteadofsights,Edisonwouldspendthetimeinthepubliclibrary.A.seeing;readingB.see;readC.tosee;toreadD.seeing;toread 78:Allthechildrenenjoyattheseaside.A.toplayB.playC.tobeplayingC.playing79:Pleaserememberthelightsbeforetheclassroom.A.turnoff;leaveB.toturnoff;leavingC.turningoff;leaveD.turningoff;leaving80:Hepreventedhissonfromit.A:doingB.todoC.doD.did被动语态专题011一、被动语态的构成形式　　1.被动语态的基本时态变化　　被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：　1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时　　例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe"rereadytostart.　　3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时　　例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．　　4）was/weredone一般过去时　　例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.　　6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时　　例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.　　7）shall/willbedone一般将来时　　例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.　　　2.被动语态的特殊结构形式　　1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。　　例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.　　　3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。　　例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.　　4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。　　例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.　　5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。　　例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.　　3.非谓语动词的被动语态　　v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。　　例Idon"tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、如何使用被动语态　　学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。　　1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。　　例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.　　2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。　　例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.　　3.为了更好地安排句子。 　　例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）三、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：　　Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。　　　例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义　　1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。　　例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.　　注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。　　试比较：Thedoorwon"tlock．（指门本身有毛病）　　Thedoorwon"tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）　　2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。　　例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？　　3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。　　　例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义　　在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。　　1．在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。　　例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。　　2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。　　例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）　　3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。　　例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)　　试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)　　4.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。　　例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.　　5．在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。　　例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.　　6.在therebe…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。　　例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losttime不明确。）　　7.在betodo结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 　　例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义　　表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。　　1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。　　例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).　　2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyondbelief(令人难以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭长莫及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．我们的成功始料不及。　　　　例Therumorisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．　3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……”。　　　　例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．　4．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：forsale(出售),forrent（出租）等。　　例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).　5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在视野范围内)，等。　　　例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)　　6．“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：onsale(出售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受审）。　　例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).　　7．“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出……之外“，常见的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出视线之外），outofone’sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。　　　例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。　　8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。　　　　例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher"spermission四.如何正确使用被动语态1.有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主动语态）（被动语态）▲常带双宾语的词有：tell,show,lend,pass等。2.在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。 eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）▲有这种用法的常用动词有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。eg.【题型展示】1.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone4.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters5.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue,too. —YoumeanifSuecomesyou’llcome?A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited6.Ilikemynewbike.Itverywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden7.Mr.Chenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.A.hearB.beheardC.behearingD.haveheard8.—It’stimetodoyourhomework,Jack.     —Yes,Mum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogram.A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend 9.Youtothemeeting,whydidn’tyougo?A.beinvitedB.willbeinvitedC.wereinvitedD.areinvited10.Alotoftreesalongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted一.选择填空1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopformthrowing2.PaperfirstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.—Doyouliketheflower?—Yes,itsweet.A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith5.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A.mustturnofB.willturnoffC.areturnedD.mustbeturnedoff6.thekindofquestionofteninyourclass,Ann?A.Does,askB.Is,askedC.Has,askedD.Will,ask7.Thebridgeinthreeweeks.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds8.Theoldmenandthechildrenmustinourcountry.A.takegoodcareB.betakengoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.betakengoodcareof9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning10.Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshebysomeboysintheclass.A.islaughedB.waslaughedC.laughedatD.waslaughedat11.WethattheEnglishtestnextMonday.A.aretold,givesB.tell,willgiveC.aretold,willbegivenD.told,isgoingtobegiven 12.GreatchangesplaceinChinasince1978.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.took13.theredpencil-boxbyyourfatherlastweek?A.Has,boughtB.Was,boughtC.Does,buyD.Did,buy14.Marymanysongsattheparty.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.washeardtosing15.treesusuallyinApril?A.Have,plantedB.Are,plantedC.Do,plantD.Were,planted16.Whenwegotthere,thebrokenroadrepaired.A.isbeingB.wasbeingC.hasbeenD./17.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.arecleanedD.arecleaning18.In1620,abouthalftheUSAforests.A.wascoveredB.wascoveredbyC.werefilledwithD.coveredwith19.Theyoungtreethestick.A.shouldbetiedtoB.mustbetiedbyC.shouldtietoD.canbetiedwith20.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.A.isgivingB.wasgiventoC.isgivenforD.willgiveto21.Bywasthebook?A.who,wroteB.whom,writeC.whom,writtenD.whom,writing22.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence（暴力与犯罪）byyoungchildren.A.shouldnotseeB.shouldbenotseenC.shouldnotbeseenD.shouldbeseen23.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekeptB.don’tkeepC.isnotkeptD.aren’tkeeping24.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.A.aremadeB.aremakingC.makeD.ismade25.Thatbuildingnow.A.isbuildingB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.builds26.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.A.arewateredB.arewateringC.havewateredD.water 27.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.bebuildingD.bebuilt28.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.A.tookawayB.wastakenawayC.wastakenoffD.istaken29.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaid,isB.wassaid,wereC.issaid,isD.issaid,isbeing30.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.isaskedD.asked31.Doyoulikethiskindofpaper?Yes,itverynice.A.isfeltB.feltC.isfeelingD.feels32.Thesebookswell.A.sellsB.arebeingsoldC.aresoldD.sell33.Theboylostonhiswayhomeyesterday.A.gotB.isC.getsD.has34.Thoughthecoatisabitlargenow,itmeverysoon.A.willbefitB.willfitC.fitD.fits35.Footballeverywhereintheworld.A.isplayedB.playC.isplayingD.plays36.Everybodyherewasapresent.A.gaveB.givenC.TogiveD.Giving37.Anewfactoryinourcitylastyear.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.wasbuiltD.isbuilding38.Alltreesmustwellwhenitisdry.A.bewateredB.arewateredC.waterD.bewatering39.Thisshirtsilk.A.mustbemadeinB.makebyC.mustbemadeofD.mustbemadeby40.Thesebooksgoodcareof.A.musttakenB.musttakeC.havetotakeD.mustbetaken41.Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.inusingC.usedD.areused42.Moretreesnextyear. A.willbeplantedB.willplantC.haveplantedD.areplanting43.—WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina? —OnOctober1.1949.A.did…foundB.was…foundC.was…foundedD.is…founded44.Today,toomanytreesarestillintheworld.A.cuttingdownB.cutdownC.beingcutdownD.cutted45.ThiskindofmachineJapan.A.ismadebyB.ismadefromC.ismadeinD.ismadeof46.Theteachersaysthatthemanwill.A.bewelltakencareB.welllookafterC.takecarewellD.bewelllookedafter47.—Ithinktheshop.       —No,It’sopen.Itatsix.A.isclose…closeB.isclosed…closesC.closed…closesD.isclosed48.Iwasastonished（吃惊）tohearthatthecolourTVset5,000yuan.A.hascostB.costC.costedD.wascost49.Greatchangesplacesincehecamehere.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.hastaken50.Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed51.Shehasbyherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat二.用正确的时态和语态填空1.Nearlyeverybodyhere（know）whentheoldmuseum（build）.2.Thebuildingcan（see）fromeverypartofthecity;It（build）manyyearsago.3.YesterdayTom（tell）methathisbike（break）lastweek.4.Thestudentsoften（tell）totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.5.Nowhe（be）askedifthemeeting（hold）nextFriday.6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon（turn）roundtheearth. 7.MissLioften（use）arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe（notuse）ittomorrow.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits（sell）inthisshop.9.English（speak）here.10.Thesong（like）byusalltwentyyearsago.11.Thepictures（take）byJacktomorrow.12.Thecomputer（canuse）intheroom.13.Theroom（paint）now.14.Thenovel（translate）intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.15.Thatclock（call）BigBen.16.Lastweek,whenI（ask）aboutEnglishculture,Icouldn’tansweritwell.17.Whatlanguage（speak）inyourcountry?18.Schoolfootballgamesoften（hold）onFridayevenings.19.Thefilm（show）againsometimenextweek.20.Ifanything（happen）tohim,letmeknow.21.thepairofnewshoes（suit）you?22.Thebottle（break）bythecatyesterday.23.Atalltree（can,see）inthepicture.24.Thesportsmeeting（hold）lastweek.25.We（tell）yesterdaythatJanewouldcomebackfromAustralia.26.Look,MrSmith（take）tothestationbyMarkinhiscar.27.Thesetreesshould（water）afterthey（plant）.28.TheTVset（make）inBeijing.It（make）lastApril. 29.ColourTVs（sell）inthatshop.30.WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina（found）?31.Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Therooms（paint）now.32.AnAmericanfilmoften（show）onTVonSundays.33.She（tell）thegoodnewsassoonasshearrived.34.Look!Abigmodernbridge（build）overtheriver.35.DrBethune（remember）bytheChinesepeopleforever.36.Arecorderoften（use）inourEnglishclass. [参考答案].选择填空1—5BCDAD6—10BCDBD11—15CBBDB16—20BCBAB21—25CCAAC26—30ADBCA31—35DCABA36—40BCACD41—45DACBC46—50DBBBB51.D二.用正确的时态和语态填空1.knows,wasbuilt2.beseen,wasbuilt3.told,wasbroken4.are,told5.is,willbeheld6.turns7.uses,won’tuse8.aresold9.isspoken10.wasliked11.willbetaken12.canbeused13.isbeingpainted14.hasbeentranslated15.iscalled16.wasasked17.isspoken18.are,held19.willbeshown20.happens21.Does,suit22.wasbroken23.canbeseen24.washeld25.weretold26.isbeingtaken27.bewatered,areplanted28.ismade,wasmade29.aresold30.wasfounded31.arebeingpainted32.is,shown33.wastold34.isbeingbuilt35.willberemembered36.is,used