常用英语语法术语表 9页

常用英语语法术语表句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类partofspeech单词word实词notionalword虚词structuralword单纯词simpleword派生词derivative复合词compound词性partofspeech名词noun专有名词propernoun普通名词commonnoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun抽象名词abstractnoun具体名词concretnoun物质名词materialnoun集体名词collectivenoun个体名词individualnoun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词mainverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb系动词linkverb助动词auxiliaryverb情态动词modalverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb短语动词phrasalverb限定动词finiteverb非限定动词infiniteverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb 静态动词stateverb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverbofmanner程度副词adverbofdegree时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb代词pronoun人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possesivepronoun反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronoun指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronoun物主代词possecivepronoun名词性物主代词nominalpossesiveprnoun形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossesivepronoun冠词article定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral分数词fractionalnumeral形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform原形baseform从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause定语从句attributiveclause状语从句adverbialclause 宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause同位语从句appositiveclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion附加疑问句tagquestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence基本句型basicsentencepatern否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感叹句exclamatorysentence句子成分membersofsentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject 间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject补语complement主补subjectcomplement宾补objectcomplement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntaticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson时态tense过去将来时pastfuturetense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense一般现在时presentsimpletense一般过去时pastsimpletense 一般将来时futuresimpletense现在完成时pastperfecttense过去完成时presentperfecttense将来完成时futureperfecttense现在进行时presentcontinuoustense过去进行时pastcontinuoustense将来进行时futurecontinuoustense过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech自由直接引语freedirectspeech自由间接引语freeindirectspeech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone 文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oralEnglish套语formulisticexpression英国英语BritishEnglish美国英语AmericanEnglish用法usage感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic morphology词法notional实词formword虚词word-building构词法root词根prefix前缀suffix后缀synonym同义词antonym反义词conversion转化法derivation派生法affixation词缀法composition合成法compound复合词partsofspeech词类noun名词pronoun代词numeral数词adjective形容词verb动词adverb副词article冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle引导词classificationofnouns名词的分类commonnoun普通名词propernoun专有名词collectivenoun集合名词materialnoun物质名词abstractnoun抽象名词countablenoun可数名词personalpronoun人称代词possessivepronoun物主代词reflexivepronoun反身代词demonstrativepronoun指示代词interrogativepronoun疑问代词relativepronoun关系代词indefinitepronoun不定代词reciprocalpronoun相互代词case格nominativecase主格objectivecase宾格possessivecase所有格singularform单数形式pluralform复数形式cardinalnumeral基数词ordinalnumeral序数词fractionnumeral分数数词degreesofcomparison比较级positivedegree原级comparativedegree比较级superlativedegree最高级notionalverb实义动词modalverb情态动词linkverb连系动词auxiliaryverb助动词transitiveverb及物动词intransitiveverb不及物动词regularverb规则动词irregularverb不规则动词finiteverb限定动词non-finiteverb非限定动词person人称number数gender性tense时态voice语态mood语气principalformsofverbs动词的主要形式presentform现在形式pastform过去形式participle分词presentparticiple现在分词pastparticiple过去分词infinitive不定式gerund动名词verbalnoun动名词simplepresenttense一般现在时simplepasttense一般过去时simplefuturetense一般将来时presentcontinuoustense现在进行时pastcontinuoustense过去进行时futurecontinuoustense将来进行时pastperfecttense过去完成时futureperfecttense将来完成时 presentperfectcontinuoustense现在完成进行时futureperfectcontinuoustense将来完成进行时sequenceoftenses时态的呼应passivevoice被动语态activevoice主动语态indicativemood陈述语气imperativemood祈使语气subjunctivemood虚拟语气adverboftime时间副词adverbofplace地点副词adverbofmanner方式副词adverbofdegree程度副词adverboffrequency频度副词conjunctiveadverb连接副词definitearticle定冠词indefinitearticle不定冠词coordinatingconjunction并列连词subordinatingconjunction从属连词syntax句法declarativesentence陈述句imperativesentence祈使句exclamatorysentence感叹句interrogativesentence疑问句generalquestion一般疑问句specialquestion特殊疑问句alternativequestion选择疑问句disjunctivequestion反意疑问句simplesentence简单句compoundsentence并列句complexsentence复合句compoundcomplexsentence并列复合句ellipticalsentence省略句elementsofthesentence句子成分subject主语predicate谓语predicative表语attribute定语adverbial状语modifier状语appositive同位语independentelement独立成分limitingattribute限定性定语descriptiveattribute描绘性定语simplepredicate简单谓语compoundpredicate复合谓语directobject直接宾语indirectobject间接宾语complexobject复合宾语cognateobject同源宾语directaddress呼语parenthesis插入语appendedelement附加成分insertedelement插入成分directspeech直接引语indirectspeech间接引语absoluteconstruction独立结构phrase短语participialphrase分词短语prepositionalphrase介词短语infinitivephrase不定式短语verbphrase动词短语clause从句mainclause主句subordinateclause从句subjectclause主语从句objectclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句attributiveclause定语从句appositiveclause同位语从句adverbialclause状语从句restrictiveattributiveclause限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveclause非限制性定语从句naturalword-order自然语序invertedword-order倒装语序inversion倒装ellipsis省略transformationofsentence句型的转换analysisofsentence句子分析punctuationmarks标点符号period句号fullstop句号questionmark问号exclamationmark感叹号comma逗号 semicolon分号colon冒号dash破折号hyphen连字号quotationmarks引号parenthesis括号apostrophe撇号（所有号，重音号，省字号）