三英语语法 定语从句专题复习 4页

初三英语语法定语从句专题复习定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who,whom,whose(一般指人),that（指人或物）,which(指物)等。关系副词有：when（时间）,where(地点),why（原因）等。（1）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。①who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heistheman(whom/that)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略）②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。③which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作宾语）Thisisthebook(that/which)I"mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的宾语）（2）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。①when,where,why关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用，例如：DoyourememberthedaywhenIsawyou?(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗？)Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.　北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？②that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。（3）判断关系代词与关系副词4 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判断改错（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（对）I"llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where，when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1：Isthismuseum_____youvisitedafewdaysage?A.where　B.that　C.onwhich　D.theone例2：Isthisthemuseum_____theexhibitionwasheld.A.where　　B.that　C.onwhich　　D.theone答案：例1D；例2A例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis_____youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum_____theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。（4）介词+关系词①介词后面的关系词不能省略。②that前不能有介词。③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?（7）关系代词that的用法①不用that的情况4 a.在引导非限定性定语从句时。Thetree,which（不能用that）isfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b.介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhich（不能用that）wegetourfood.②只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a.在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。b.先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修饰时修饰时，只用that。　c.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。d.先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。(a)Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.(a)那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。1.Thisisthebag________mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Isthisthefactory________alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom3.Isthistheshop________sellschildren’sclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what4.Thehotel________duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed5.Pleaseshowmethebook________youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this6.Theman________nexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomliveB.whichliveC.wholivesD./7.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging8.I’llneverforgettheyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who9.I’llrememberthetime_____wespenttogetherinthecountry.A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich10.Idon’tbelievethereason______hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.what11.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice.A./B.inwhichC.thatD.where12.Thelastplace_______wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it13.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.when4 14.Thereisnodictionary_______youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat将下列两个简单句合并成带定语从句的复合句1.Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1959.____________________________________________________2.Sheisgoingtothetown.Idonotknowthetown.____________________________________________________3.Hedidnotattendthemeeting.Hetoldmethereason._____________________________________________________4.Thetrainstartedat4:50p.m.Imissedit.______________________________________________________5.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.Dr.Ligavehimit._______________________________________________________6.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittlebrother._______________________________________________________7.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Wesawitthenightbefore._______________________________________________________8.Theplanewaslate.ItwasgoingtoTibet._______________________________________________________9.Thestudentstudiesveryhard.Herfatherisaworker._______________________________________________________10.Heisthemostcarefulboy.Iknowhim._______________________________________________________11.Thenecklaceisworthmorethanfivehundreddollars.Pollystoleit._______________________________________________________12.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtustheletteryesterday._______________________________________________________13.Wemetthewomanatthegate.Doyouknowher?_______________________________________________________14.Cheeseismadefrommilk.Itislikedbypeopleinwesterncountries._______________________________________________________15.TheladyisourEnglishteacher.Yousawherjustnow._______________________________________________________4