高考英语语法专项复习 30页

定语从句2006英语高考语法专项复习 ASongThat"sWhy(YouGoAway)(MichaelLearnsToRock)Babywon"tyoutellmewhythereissadnessinyoureyesIdon"twannasaygoodbyetoyouLoveisonebigillusionIshouldtrytoforgetbutthereissomethingleftinmyheadYou"retheonewhosetitupnowyou"retheonetomakeitstopI"mtheonewho"sfeelinglostrightnowNowyouwantmetoforgeteverylittlethingyousaidbutthereissomethingleftinmyheadChorus:Iwon"tforgetthewayyou"rekissingThefeeling"ssostrongwerelastingforsolongButI"mnotthemanyourheartismissingThat"swhyyougoawayIknowYouwereneversatisfiednomatterhowItriedNowyouwannasaygoodbyetomeLoveisonebigillusionIshouldtrytoforgetbutthereissomethingleftinmyheadChorus:Iwon"tforgetthewayyou"rekissingThefeeling"ssostrong...SittinghereallaloneinthemiddleofnowhereDon"tknowwhichwaytogoThereain"tsomuchtosaynowbetweenusThereain"tsomuchforyouThereain"tsomuchformeanymoreChorusIwon"tforgetthewayyou"rekissingThefeeling"ssostrong... 一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型：1.简单句（SimpleSentence)2.并列句（CompoundSentence)3.复合句（ComplexSentence) 主语+连系动词+表语主语＋及物动词＋宾语主语＋不及物动词＋状语主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补Herfaceturnedredwithanger.Youcanconsidermysuggestion.Thiskindofclothsellswell.Heexplainedthesentencetous.Hefoundtheworkhalfdone.(1)简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句.简单句的五种基本句型. 1）Thegirl∥isabouttenyearsold．主语系动词表语2）I∥wasdoingmyhomeworkatnineyesterdayevening.主语谓语定语宾语状语3）Mymother∥toldmeaninterestingstory．定语主语谓语间宾直宾4）Thesummerholidays∥willbeginnextweek．主语谓语状语5）I∥heardhimsingingintheroom．主语谓语宾语（补足语）状语划分下列句子成分 （2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+等立连词+简单句（3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。HehasstudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,buthecanreadandwritenow./Keeponandyouwillmakeprogress. 二.定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词(who,whom,whose,which,that)关系副词(when,where,why)引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置 I"mtheonewho"sfeelinglostrightnow先行词引导词(关系代词)(1)引导定语从句(who’sfeelinglostrightnow.)(2)在从句中作一成份(主语)(3)代替先行词(theone)在从句中的位置 作用例句作主语Wevisitedthefactorywhichthatmakestoysforchildren.Mostmanagerswhothatarepresentatthemeetingagreedtotheplan.作宾语Thestudentwhomthatwhoyouwanttoseehascome.TheletterwhichthatIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.作定语Thegirlwhosemotherisateacherworksveryhard.Theroomwhosewindowswerebrokenwasmine.作状语In1998,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.IstillrememberthedaywhenImethimforthefirsttime.Thereasonwhyhemissedthespeechwasthathedidn’tcatchthebus.关系代词和关系副词的作用 Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语 Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.()6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.()8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.()定语介宾宾语状语 who,that（先行词为人）有区别吗？1.用who不用that的情况：(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractisemore.2.用that不用who的情况：(1)当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个who等。（3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。HetalkedalotaboutthethingsandpersonsthathehadrememberedthereWhoisthemanthatspoketoyoujustnow?Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.考点一：that和who which,that(先行词为物）有区别吗？1.只用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词（2）先行词既是人又是物。（3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。（4）先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,any,every,who等修饰时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?（5）关系代词在从句中作表语时Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.考点二：that和which 2.只能用which的情况:2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which(1)Themachine,whichIhavelookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.(2)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(3)Hesawafilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)Remember:Which在这两种情况下即使在句中作宾语也不能省。 考点三：连接词which的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itBBGood! 考点四：介词+关系代词****“of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。e.g.1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____________shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom2.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.whichDD 关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded. 4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing. 5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth. Canyouworkthemout????????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithout 考点五:关系副词的运用在限定性和非限定性从句中，when的先行词是时间名词，where的先行词是地点名词，分别在定语从句中做状语。e.g.1.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,______forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.whenBD 考点六：as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou. 3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected. 4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy. Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^__(去掉)which____totheone Correctthesentences:5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.inwhen____who___(that/which)^^ 高考命题导向：1.________isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.untilB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.NMET2001)A.untilB.whichC.whenD.where3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(NMET2000)A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what4.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET99)A.itB.thatC.whenD.whichＢCBD 5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Theweatherturnedtobeverygood,________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it7.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.(NMET92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.(NMET90)A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.whichBBDD 想一想理一理学好定语从句最关键的是什么？定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句中担任状语。2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。 Thankyou!Goodbye!