中考英语语法专题-数词 14页

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  • 2022-06-17 15:02:12 发布

中考英语语法专题-数词

  • 14页
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数词中考解读内容基本要求数词的基本用法一.基数词与序数词的构成及用法二.分数、时间、日期的表达法一、基数词基数词用来表示数目,或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。1.最基本的基数词如下表表示。1one11eleven100ahundred2two12twelve20twenty1000athousand3three13thirteen30thirty1,000,0001million4four14fourteen40forty10,000,000tenmillion5five15fifteen50fifty100,000,000ahundredmillion6six16sixteen60sixty1,000,000,000abillion7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten【注】:1)基数词1-12是独立单词,需逐个记忆。13—19是由个位数加后缀-teen构成。注意其中13、15、18的拼写是thirteen,fifteen,eighteen。2)20—90由个位数加后缀-ty构成,注意20,30,40,50和80的拼写分别是twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty。21—99中非整十的两位数是由整十位数加连字符“-”,再加个位数构成。如:81eighty-one。3)101—999的基数词先写百位数,后加and再写十位数和个位数。如:691sixhundredandninety-one。4)1000以上的基数词先写千位数,后写百位数,再加and,最后写十位数和个位数。如:5893fivethousandeighthundredandninety-three。14 在基数词中只有表示“百”、“千”的单位词,没有单独表示“万”、“亿”的单位词,而是用thousand(千)和million(百万)来表达,其换算关系为:1万=10thousand;1亿=100million;10亿=athousandmillion=abillion。1)多位数的读法:1000以上的多位数,要使用计数间隔或逗号“,”。即从个位起,每隔三位加一个间隔或逗号。第一个间隔或逗号前是thousand(千),第二个间隔或逗号前是million(百万),第三个间隔或逗号前是athousandmillion或abillion(十亿)。每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。读的时候十位数(或个位数)的前面一般要加and。如:888,000,000读作:eighthundredandeighty-eightmillion。【真题回放】1.Thereare_______daysinaweek.A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven2.—Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?—Yes,itis.________.A.85662B.85626C.58662D.586263.—Lookatthepicture.Howmanystudentsridetoschoolintheclass?—Oh,thereare_______.A.8B.16C.4D.122)Hundred,thousand,million,dozen,score这些词的用法(重难点)a)前面如有表示具体数字的词,它们不能加“s”,其中特别注意several,也表示一个具体数字,其范围是3-5个:threehundredpeople,fivethousandyears;severalmillionstudentsb)反之则须加“s”,并要与of短语连用。例如:thousandsofpeople,hundredsofstudents,thousandsoftreesc)当这些词后面的名词其有the,these,those等特指限定修饰词时,或其后接的是us,14 them这样的人称代词时,hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score后有不加s,但加of.例如:Iwantthreedozenoftheseeggs.【真题回放】1.______travelerscometovisitourcityeveryyear.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.FivehundredsD.Hundred2.Themanalsowrote_______ofbeautifulpiecesofmusicfortheorchestra.A.hundredB.sixhundredC.ahundredD.hundreds3.Basketballissopopularagameintheworldthat_______peopleplayitforfunandexercise.A.millionofB.millionsofC.millionsD.twomillionsof4.—What’sthematter,Kangkang?—Oh,Ifeelsorrytohearmorethan_______peoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquake(地震)inSichuan.A.sixtythousandsofB.sixtythousandC.sixtythousandofD.thousandof5.AfterWenchuanearthquake(地震),_______peoplegottogetheronTian’anmenSquare,callingout“Comeon,China!”.A.fourthousandofB.thousandsofC.severalthousands6.Morethantwo________yearsago,peopleknewlittleabouttheuniverse.A.thousandsB.thousandC.thousandofD.thousandsof7.Englishisbecomingatouristcity._________peoplecomehereduringtheholidayseveryyear.A.ThousandofB.ThousandsofC.FivethousandsofD.Fivethousands8.Overtwenty______studentstookpartinthemathcompetitionlastyear.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandsof9.Sofar,doctorshavesaved_______people’slivesinthequake-hitarea.A.thousandsofB.thousandC.thousandof10.______visitorscometoChinaeveryyear.A.ThousandsofB.TenthousandsC.TenthousandofD.Thousandof2.基数词的用法:1)基数词在句中的作用:基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词,在句中可作定语、主语、宾语(介宾)、表语、同位语等。例如:14 Threeandfiveiseight.3+5=8(作表语)Howmanyorangesdoyouwant?你要多少桔子?Iwanteight.我要八个。(作宾语)Thereareeightboatsinthelake.湖里有八条小船。(作定语)1)年、月、日和时间的表达法:年份用基数词,日期用序数词,其顺序常用月、日、年。a)年份用基数词表达,分两位一读,年份前用介词in。例如:1999nineteenninety-nine2000twothousand2010twothousandandten/twentytenb)月份的表示方法及缩写:月份前用介词on,月份的第一个字母要大写,有些月份名称有缩写形式。例如:一月January(Jan.),二月February(Feb.),三月March(Mar.),四月(Apr.),五月May,六月June,七月July,八月August(Aug.),九月September(Sept.),十月October(Oct.),十一月November(Nov.),十二月December(Dec.)c)日期的表达要用序数词,读时前面要加定冠词the,介词要使用on。例如:在6月1日:onJune1st读作:onJunethefirst.d)年、月、日同时表达时,一般应先写月、日、后写年。如:在2001年5月4日:onMay4th,2001。(中考考点-主要在听力中体现)2)编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序,但是基数词要后置。例如:第一课:LessonOne第三十二页:Page32第305房间:Room305;第12路公共汽车:BusNo.12(中考考点-主要在听力中体现)【真题回放】1.Thenewstudentisin_______.A.Class2B.ClassSecondC.2Class2.---ThereisawrongwordinLine_________.--Where?14 ---Inthe________line.A.Two;two    B.Two;second   C.second;two  D.second;second1)几点几十分的表达法:可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达。例如:a)表示整点时间,直接用基数词表达,后边可接o’clock(也可不加)。表达“几点几分”时,绝不能用o’clock。如:5:00--five(o’clock)b)在倒读法中,如果钟点不过半,须用“分钟数+past+钟点数”的形式;如果钟点过半,则用“差多少分钟数+to+全钟点(下个钟点数)”的形式。如:6:18--sixeighteen或eighteenpastsix;6:48—twelvetosevenc)半点可以half表示,如:4:30--fourthirty或halfpastfourd)表达“15分”或“45分”时,常用quarter(刻)。如:12:15--twelvefifteen或fifteen(aquarter)pasttwelve;6:45--sixforty/fiveaquartertoseven时间类型表示法例读法整点基数词(+o’clock)1:00oneo’clock﹤30分钟分钟+past+小时2:10tenpasttwo=30分钟half+past+小时3:30halfpastthree﹥30分钟(60-分钟)+to+(小时+14:40twentytofive分钟逢15即一刻钟aquarter5:156:45aquarterpastfiveaquartertoseven简化法按顺序读基数词7:50sevenfifty【真题回放】1.Ourfirstclassbeginsataquartertoeight.A.8:15B.7:15C.8:45D.7:452.--It’salready7:40now.Whenwillthefilmstart?--____.Westillhavefiveminutes.A.AquartertosevenB.Sevenpastforty-fiveC.Aquartertoeight2)分数表达法a)分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词。如:onefifth五分之一onetenth十分之一b)当分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数。如:twothirds三分之二fiveeighths八分之五c)当分子是1时,可以用one也可以用a。如:asecond=onesecondathird=onethird14 a)当分母是2和4时,分别可以用half和quarter代替。如:ahalf二分之一threequarters四分之三注意:分数考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish.我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater.地球上三分之二的水是海水。拓展:oneinthree,oneoutofthree也表示三分之一,在阅读中常见。【真题回放】1.About______oftheworkersintheclothesfactoryarewomen.A.thirdfifthsB.thirdfifthC.threefifthsD.threefifth2._______ofthewarmwater_______alreadybeenusedup.A.Two-third;hasB.Two-third;haveC.Two-thirds;hasD.Two-thirds;have1)百分数表达法:基数词+percentof…【注意】:百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当百分数修饰可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;当百分数修饰不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan.我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。2)小数表达法a)小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示,小数点写作point,小数后的数字应按其数字直接表示出来。如:18.38可写成:eighteenpointthreeeight。注意:小数在句中常作定语,尤其在比较方式状语从句中被使用。如:Thisstoneis3.5timesheavierthanthatone.b)表示钱的读法,如$2:50,读成twodollarsandfifty3)两组与数词有关的介词短语:a)in+定冠词the+数词的复数形式,表示年代。如:inthe1870s或1870’s20世纪90年代:nineteennineties;21世纪20年代:twentytwentiesb)in+物主代词+数词的复数形式,表示某人的年龄。如:inone’sthirties。有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切些。如:Theyoungmanisatmostinhisearlythirties.【真题回放】1.About________oftheworkersinthefactorywereborninthe_______.14 A.two-thirds;1970B.two-thirds;1970sC.two-third;1970D.two-third;1970s2.---Therearesixtystudentsinourclass.And______ofusareboys.---Wow!Youhavefortygirls!A.onefourthB.onethird C.twofifths  D.twothirds3.____ofthestudentsinourclass___moneytothedisabledpeoplethesedays.A.Twothird,haveraisedB.Twothirds,hasraisedC.Twothree,haveraisedD.Twothirds,haveraised1)数量表示法a)表示长,宽,高,面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+in+名词(length,width,height,weight等)表示。twometerslong或twometersinlength两米长threefeethigh或threefeetinheight三英尺高b)带有数词的名词作定语的表达:aseven-year-oldboy,ahundred-metrerace【真题回放】1.Eachofushastowriteareporteverytwoweeks.A.two-hundred-wordB.two-hundreds-wordC.two-hundreds-wordsD.two-hundred-words2.北京首都机场三号航站楼长2,900米,宽790米。BeijingCapitalInternationalAirportTerminal3is______________________________.2)加减乘除表示法:+→plus,-→minus,×→multiplied÷→divided。如:5+7→fiveplusseven,9-3→nineminusthree,8×9→eightmultipliedbynine,64÷8→sixtydividedbyeight,6:5→theratioofsixtofive,42→four-squared,33→three-cubed,54→thefourthpoweroffive注意:谓语动词为单数。3)表示倍数(根据学生情况选择使用)a)…几倍大小(长短,数量)=…几倍(或分数)+thesize(length,amount)。例如:Theearthisforty-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。b)…比…几倍=…倍数(或分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+than+被比部分。例如:Hishouseisthreetimesbiggerthanmine.他的房子比我的房子大三倍。c)…是…倍=…倍数(或分数)+as+形容词+as+被比部分。例如:14 Thisfactoryisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍。1)表示约数a)“多于”用morethan或over。例如:Thestreetisover(morethan)500metreslong.这条街有500多米长。b)“小于”用lessthan。例如:Threearelessthan30peopleintheclassroom.教室里不到三十人。c)“或…以上”用ormore。例如:Thebuildingcanhold5000peopleormore.那座建筑物可容纳5000人或5000人以上。d)“或…以下”用orless。例如:Wecanfinishtheworkintwoweeksorless.我们可以在两周内或不到两周完成这件工作。e)“大约”用about,around,nearly等。例如:Theboxweighsabout50pounds.这箱子重约50镑。f)“左右”用orso.例如:Inthepasttenyearsorso,theyhavechangedalot.在过去的十年里,他们改变了许多。二.序数词1.概念:表示顺序的词,叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外,序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。请见下表:第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth14 【说明】:1.英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式,要注意它们的拼写。2.表示“几十”的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。3.其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如:fifty-first(第五十一)。4.少数序数词拼法不规则,如:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)等。【注意】1)基变序助记歌:基变序,有规律,末尾加上th;一、二、三,特殊记,八加h,九去e,ve要用f替;以y结尾用ie,后跟th莫忘记。若想表达几十几,只变个位就可以。2)序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。例如:第一:(the)first=1st第二:(the)second=2nd第三:(the)third=3rd第五:(the)fifth=5th第九十七:(the)ninety-seventh=97th第一百零一:(the)onehundred(and)first=101st3)易错点:fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二),fortieth(第四十)。2.序数词的用法1)序数词表顺序,主要作定语,其前面须加上定冠词the,此外,也作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,这时,被它所修饰的名词往往被省略。如:Thefirst(person)toarriveisKate.例如:Thefirstisbiggerthanthesecond.(作主语)第一个比第二个大。Givemethefirst.(作宾语)把第一个给我。She’softenthefirsttogotoschool.(作表语)她经常第一个去上学。We’regoingtolearntheeighthlesson.(作定语)我们将要学习第八课。2)序数词一般前用the,但是当其前面有物主代词,名词所有格等词时,就不用定冠词the了。【真题回放】1.Ithink______lessonisthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifteen2.Decemberisthe______monthinayear.A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth3.--Excuseme.WhereisMr.Green’soffice?--It’son__floor.A.sevenB.thesevenC.theseventhD.seventh14 4.—Peter,howoldisyourfatherthisyear?—_______.Andwejusthadapartyforhis_______birthdaylastweekend.A.Fortieth;fortyB.Forty;fortyC.Forty;fortiethD.Fortieth;fortieth5.—Shanghaihasopenedits________TVchannel(频道)thatsendsprogramsinforeignlanguages.—Great!IcanimprovemyEnglishoverit.A.firstB.afirstC.thefirst6.Alltheteachersliveon_______floor.A.thesecondB.twoC.second7.EveryoneknowsBeijingwillhost_______OlympicGamesinAugust,2008.A.28thB.29thC.the29th8.TheworkistoodifficultforMr.Xutofinishinaweek.Heneeds_______days.A.moretwoB.twomoreC.twoanotherD.anothermore9.—Hurryup.Thereisn’tmuchtimeleft.—Don’tworry.Ineed_______minutestofinishthework.A.twelveanotherB.anothertwelveC.moretwelve10.Father’sDayison______SundayofJune.A.threeB.thirdC.thethird11.---WheredoesJohnlive?---Heliveson______floorbuthedoesn’tusealifttogoupanddown.A.nineB.theninthC.ninthD.aninth12.John,howoldisyourgrandfather?_____.Wehadapartyforhis_____birthdaylastweek.A.Eighty;eightiethB.Eighty;eightyC.Eightieth;eightyD.Eightieth;eightieth13.--Howmanytimeshaveyoubeenhere?--Thisismy__visit.A.fourB.thefourC.fourthD.thefourth14.Todayismymother’s________birthday.Iwillbuyheragift.A.fourteenB.fourteenthC.fortyD.fortieth15.---Howwasyourdayoffyesterday?---Perfect!Itwas______birthdayofmygrandma’s.Wehadabigfamilycelebration.14 A.eightyB.theeightiethC.eightieth16.---Goodnews!Billwon_______medalinthelongjumpjustnow.---Really?That’shis_______oneatoursportsmeeting.A.a:fourB.an;fourthC.a;fourth重难点一.数词中的易混点1.序数词除了与定冠词the和物主代词,名词所有格等连用表示顺序外,还与冠词a/an连用时,表示一种特殊的功能,意为“再,又”,相当于another,如Thentheyhadasecondchild-ason.2.数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:Twodollarsisenough.3.another与more接数词的不同位置区别:another+数词A=A数词+moreCouldyougivemeonemorechance?I’lltrymybesttosucceed.A.twoB.theotherC.another4.数词半的表示法一个半小时-oneandahalfhours=onehourandahalf两个半小时-twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf5.twosandthrees(三三两两)和sixesandsevens(乱七八糟)区别。Theycamehomefromchurchbytwosandthrees.他们三三两两地从教堂回来。Everythingisatsixesandsevensinthehouse.家里现在乱七八糟。【真题回放】1.---HowlongwillPhilipstayhere?---Two______weekstillhelives.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.most2.Anewstudyprovesa_________walkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.A.30-minuteB.30minute’sC.30-minutes14 3.--Isyourhomefarfromschool?--No.It’sonly__walk.A.ten-minute’sB.tenminutes’C.tenminutesD.ten-minute4.Theboyalwaysstaystherefor__.A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandahalfhourC.oneandahalfhours5.Theoldmandrank__beer.A.twobottlesandahalfB.twoandahalfbottleC.twobottleandahalf二.数词考点解析:[考点概述]数词的考查侧重在基数词的写法、读法,序数词的构成,分数词的构成。考点一、基数词写法、读法的考查1.Thereare_______daysinaweek.A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven2.—Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?—Yes,itis.________.A.85662B.85626C.58662D.58626考点二、序数词构成、用法的考查3.Ithink______lessonisthemostdifficultinthisbook.A.fiveB.fifthC.thefifthD.fifteen4.Decemberisthe______monthinayear.A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth考点三、分数词构成、用法的考查5.About______oftheworkersintheclothesfactoryarewomen.A.thirdfifthsB.thirdfifthC.threefifthsD.threefifth考点四、数词与名词表编号的考查6.Thenewstudentisin_______.A.Class2B.ClassSecondC.2Class考点五、hundred,thousand,million等词复数形式的考查7.______travelerscometovisitourcityeveryyear.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.FivehundredsD.Hundred14 考点六、时刻表示法的考查8.Ourfirstclassbeginsataquartertoeight.A.8:15B.7:15C.8:45D.7:45课后作业一.单项选择1.Two__diedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeopleB.hundredoldpeopleC.hundredsoldpeoplesD.hundredoldpeoples2.Hewasonlyin__atthetime.二.his20"sB.the20"sC.histwentiesD.thetwenties3.Thetwogreatmenwrotethoselettersin__.A.1870"sB.1879sC.the1870"sD.the18704.IwonderifIcanaskhim__time.A.fourB.fourthC.thefourthD.afourth5.Hecameout__inthetrackevents.A.firstB.oneC.thefirstD.theone6.Itwasin1939that__brokeout.A.WorldWarSecondB.theWorldWarSecondC.SecondWorldWarD.WorldWarII7.You"llhavetospend__writingyourreporthere.A.onedayortwodaysB.onedayortwoC.adayortwoD.twodaysorone8.Hecutthecake__.A.inhalvesB.inhalfC.intohalvesD.intohalf9.Theearthisnearly__themoon.A.50timethesizeofB.50timesthesizeofC.50timesassizeasD.50timesasthatof10.Eitheryouortheheadmaster__theprizesforthesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandinginB.aretohandoutC.arehandinginD.istohandout14 11.__ofthepopulationherearepeasants.A.20percentsB.20percentC.the20percentD.the20percents12.It"sabout__,thethicknessofahumanhair.A.two-fifteenthB.two-fifteenthsC.twofifteenD.twofifteens13.Thepriceofsuchmaterialwasreduced__.A.by18percentB.to18percentC.at18percentD.for18percent14.Southoftheequator,81percentofthesurfaceoftheearth__water.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15.Theysold__boxesofsuchsweetslastweek.A.fourdozenB.fourdozensC.fourdozensofD.fourdozenof14