2010年中考英语语法复习—形容词、副词 37页

形容词、副词考点揭密典型例题解析课时训练中考语法专项复习 比较等级的构成构成方法原级比较级最高级一般词尾加er,esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的加r,stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写结尾的这一辅音字母，再加er,estthinwetthinnerwetterthinnestwettest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i,再加er,estbusyhappybusierhappierbusiesthappiest双音节词和多音节词,在其前面加more或mostimportantmoreimportantthemostimportant 不规则变化原级goodwellbadbadlyillmanymuchlittleoldfar比较级betterworsemorelessolderelderfartherfurther最高级bestworstmostleastoldestoldestfurthestfurthest 考点揭密1.掌握形容词作宾语时的位置，一般放在被修饰词前；但当修饰不定代词时要后置，如somethingimportant,nothingserious等；3.掌握形容词副词的比较级、最高级的构成，一般规则形容词、副词比较级、最高级有四种加法，即直接在原级词尾①加-er,-est,如young—younger—youngest;②原级以e结尾，加r,st,如：large—larger—largest;③原级以辅音字母+y结尾，则要将y改为i再加-er,-est,如:heavy—heavier—heaviest; ④原级以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个辅间字母再加-er-est,如：hot-hotter-hottest大多数双音节和多音节词的比较级，最高级是在原级前加more,most,如：beautiful-morebeautifulbeautiful-mostbeautiful;不规则的比较级、最高级要特别记忆， 考点揭密4.掌握形容词、副词表示比较的几种结构。①表示两者“相等”用，as+形容词/副词原级+比较对象；②表示“不如”没有“不相等”，用“not+as/so+形容词、副词原级+as+比较对象”；③用形容词、副词的比较级+than从句表示两者比较；④比较级前可用much,alittle,even,等表示程度；⑤比较级and比较级，表示越来越……； ⑥the+比较级...the+另一个比较级表示越……越……；⑦形容词、副词前如有：very,too,quite,rather等修饰，一般用原级；⑧三者、三者以上的比较，一般用最高级；常用介词in，of短语表示比较的范围；⑨表示“最……之一”，用oneof+最高级+复数名词；⑩最高级前一般要加“the”；副词最高级前可加“the”也可不加“the”；当最高级前有物主代词时，则不加“the”。 一、形容词在句中的作用作定语：如It’saninterestingbook.作表语：如Helooksyoung.作宾语的补足语：如①Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.②IthinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.其他用法：1、the+形容词可转化为名词Theyoungshouldhelptheold.年轻人应该帮助老人。 注意:1、形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面.Eg:Ididn’tgetanythingusefulfromthespeech.Ifyoulistencarefully,youwillfindsomethingnew.2、enough修饰形容词时放在形容词的后面。（enough修饰名词时放在名词的前面）Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Thereisenoughtimetohavearest. 常用系动词:表判断或状态的：belookseemsoundsmelltastefeelappear表变化的：becometurngetgrowgocome常接形容词做宾补的词make/Keep/Leave/find/feel/consider/think(it)+adjEg:makemehappy/maketheroomdirtyEg:keepthedesktidyEg:leavethedooropenEg:Iconsiderhimhonest.HethinksitunnecessarytolearnEnglish. 但在选词时一定要注意到句子的内涵，切勿被表面现象所迷惑Heis_____(real)happy.Themanwas_____(terrible)ill.Luckily,mysisterwasn’t_____(badly)hurtintheaccident.(注意形容词→副词的变化规律）(这些副词可是用来表示程度的噢！）reallyterriblybadly 二、形容词的比较等级变化规律以及不规则变化（重点记忆并灵活运用）比较等级所用的句式（重点掌握）注意：比较时一定在同类事物之间进行。如:HishairislongerthanI.(×）Hishairislongerthanmine/myhair.(√） “比较等级轻松用”口诀形副比较级，学好很容易。句式有五种，听我讲详细。单独说一方，形副用原级。甲方比乙方，—er别忘记，如遇多音节，more词加原级。所用修饰词，当然有差异。Very、too，so,quite,其后加原级，much、alittle，still,far,修饰比较级。甲乙双方同，双as夹原级。甲方不如乙，not记心里，甲乙位置别乱换，换位就反义。形副最高级，一样不费力。单音节形副词，末尾加上-est.如遇多音节，most加原级。定冠词the要注意，最高级前别忘记。物代所有格若在前，千万不可再加the.后常加of/in短语，比较范围要注意。若在选择疑问句，供选三方不缺一。练习英语themore,thebetter你的成绩定betterandbetter. 一、同级比较。肯定句：as+原级+as（和……一样），否定句：notas/so+原级+as(和……不一样/不如……）例：I’masoldashe.我和他一样大。I’mnotas/sostrongashe.我不如他强壮。表示倍数的句型：be+倍数+as+原级+as例：Thetreeistwiceastallasthatone.这棵树有那棵树两倍高。 二、两个事物相比用比较级，表示“更……”句型：A+be+比较级+than+B例：Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太阳比地球大。比较级可用一些词来修饰：even，much,alittle,abit,far等。表示“……得多”或“……一点”。例：Yourroomisalittlebiggerthanmine.你的房间比我的大一点。Ifeelevenworsetoday.我今天感觉更糟了。 表示一方不如另一方时，用“...less+形容词原级+than...”；例：Englishislessdifficultthanmath.英语不如数学难。Heislessnervousthanyou.他没有你那么紧张。三、比较级的一些特殊用法1、the+比较级……，the+比较级……（越……,越……）Themoretreesweplant,thelesspollutiontherewillbe.我们种越多的树，污染就越少。Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.他工作越努力，就越感到高兴。 2、比较级+and+比较级（越来越……）Thebabycriedharderandharder.那个婴儿哭得越来越厉害。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulandricherandricher.3、be+倍数+比较级+than……Thebuildingistwicehigherthanourclassroom.那个建筑物比我们教室高两倍。 4、be+数词+名词+比较级+than……HeistwoyearsolderthanI.他比我大两岁。四、三个或三个以上的事物进行比较用最高级句型1、be+the最高级+of/in短语（比较范围）LiLeiisthebeststudentofall/inourschool.李雷是所有学生中/我们学校最好的学生。2、oneofthe+最高级+名词复数MissLiisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.李老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。注：最高级前可有叙述词来修饰，表示其排列顺序。YellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二大河。 3、Which/What/Whoisthe+最高级，A,BorC?例:Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon?哪个最大，太阳，地球还是？五、比较级和最高级的句型互换be+比较级+thananyother+名词的单数（同一范围内进行比较）例：Jimisthetallestboyinhisclass.（同义句）吉姆是他班最高的男孩。Jimistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.吉姆比他班上其他男孩都高。be+比较级+than+any+名词单数（不同范围内比较）例：ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinJapan.上海比日本的任何城市都大。 2.多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序（适当了解）如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：asmallbeautifulroom。常用的顺序为：限定词(those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large)+新旧(old)+颜色(brown)+国籍+材料(wood)+被修饰名词(table) 形容词和其他词性间的相互转换注意:1.名词+ly→形容词;形容词+ly→副词friendly,lovely,lively,homely…(形容词)friendlily,livelily,happily…(副词)2.fast,early,straight，late,hard既是形容词又是副词,不加ly.(hardly表示“几乎不”）Herunsfast.Mywatchisfast. 名词+y→形容词sun→sunnyhealth→healthy名词+al→形容词nation→nationalmusic→musical名词+ful→形容词color→colorfulpeace→peacefula+动词→形容词sleep→asleep动词+ing/ed→形容词relax→relaxing/relaxedtire→tired/tiring名词+able→形容词enjoy→enjoyableknowledge→knowledgable名词+en→形容词wool→woolen还有一些特殊变化：die→deadplease→pleased/pleasant 练习一、选出正确答案1.-Haveyoueverseen“TomandJerry”?-Sure.It’soneof___cartoonsIhaveeverseen.A.wonderfulB.morewonderfulC.themostwonderful2.It’s___cheaperand__enjoyabletotravelbytrainthanbyplane.A.much;farmoreB.very;verymuchC.More;muchmore3.Chongqingisbiggerthan__inIndia.A.anyothercityB.anycityC.theothercitiesCAB 4.Weshouldspend___timedoing___work.A.more;lessB.less;moreC.less;fewer5.Wholeftthewindows___?A.open;B.openedC.opening6.Ifyoulikethechicken,youmayhaveas___asyoucan.A.muchB.manyC.more7.Thequestionis__moredifficultthanthatone.A.quiteB.veryC.alittle8.ThepopulationofChinais___thanthatofJapan.A.moreB.largerC.lessBAACB _9.-Jill,wherewouldyouliketogoonvacation?-We’dliketo_____.A.somewherewarmB.warmsomewhereC.anywherewarm10.–Mum,couldIhaveaCDplayerlikethis?--Certainly,wecanbuya__one,butasgoodasthisone.A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapest11.Heisfourteen,Iamsixteen.SoI’m___him.A.asoldasB.twoyearsyoungerthanC.notsoyoungasABC 12.Thegardenis___thatone.A.threetimesaslongasB.threetimeslongerasC.aslongasthreetimes13.The__personistalkingwiththedoctor.A.illB.sickC.illness14.---TheTVplaywas___.---Yes,I’veneverseen___.A.suchgreat;abetteroneB.sogreat;abetteroneC.verygood;thebestone15.-IthinkEnglishis___French.-Idon’tagreewithyou.A.sopopularasB.lesspopularthanC.asmorepopularasABBB 练习二、用所给词的适当形式填空：1.Theteacherwas_____(happy),becausetheclassroomwas_____(noise).2.Mydoghasbeen___(die)for2weeks.3.It’s_______(possible)formetofinishittoday,I’mtoobusy.4.Ifyouwanttobethinnerand____(health),youshouldeat_____(little)food.5.Hefeltvery____(sleep)andfell____(sleep)soon.6.Theworkis___(tire),andweare___(tire).unhappynoisydeadimpossiblehealthierlesssleepyasleeptiringtired 7.Thepeoplethereare____(friend)tous.8.Heknowsalot,heis______(know).9.Jackwantstobea_____(nation)player.10.Don’tfeel____(worry)aboutyourson.11.It’sa_____(please)tripforusall.12.The____(finally)examiscoming.13.Weallhadavery________(enjoy)timelastSunday.14.The_____(beauty)girlwas_____(love)and____(live).15.Ithinkthemovieis_____(education)friendlyknowledgeablenationalworriedpleasantfinalenjoyablebeautifullivelylovelyeducational 练习三一、改正以下各句。1.ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinJapan.ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinJapan.ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.2.Ihavemanymorebooksthanyou.Ihavemuchmorebooksthanyou.3.John’shairislongerthanMike.John’shairislongerthanMike’s.It’senougheasytoworkouttheproblem.It’seasyenoughtoworkouttheproblem. 5.Heworksascarefulashissister.Heworksascarefullyashissister.6.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlonginChina.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestinChina.7.There‘sinterestingsomethingintoday’snewspaper.There’ssomethinginterestingintoday’snewspaper.8.I’dliketovisitQufu,becauseit’seducation.I’dliketovisitQufu,becauseit’seducational. 【例1】—Whichis_________seasoninBeijing?—Ithinkit"sautumn.［2003北京］A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest典型例题解析【例2】Itis_________todaythanyesterday.Shallwegoswimmingthisafternoon?［2003北京海淀区］A.thehottestB.hotC.hottestD.hotterDD【例3】Jimisrunning_________Bruce.They"reneckandneck,［2003黑龙江］A.fasterthanB.asfastasC.asfasterasD.moreslowlythan【例4】Hermotherwasout.Shestayedathome______,butshedidn"tfeel_________.［2003甘肃］A.alone,lonelyB.lonelyaloneC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone【例5】—Isthephysicsproblem_________?—Yes,Icanworkitout_________.［2003黄冈］A.easy,easilyB.easy,easyC.easily,easyD.easily,easilyBAA Ⅰ.写出下列词的比较级和最高级。1.badly/bad/ill2.early3.difficult4.thin5.hard课时训练worse—worstearlier—earliestmoredifficult—mostdifficultthinner—thinnestharder—hardest Ⅱ.根据句意填空。1.Whichfilmis______________thisoneorthatone?(interesting)2.IthinkEnglishisoneof__________________subjectsinmiddleschool(important).3.LiLeidoesn"tstudyso____________ashissister.(care)4.Annisalittle__________thanJoan,butsheismuch________.(young,tall)5.TheChangjiangRiverisvery________.It"sThethird___________riverintheworld.(long)课时训练moreinterestingthemostimportantcarefullyyoungertallerlonglongest Ⅲ.单项选择1.Whata_________cough!Youseen_________ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning_________.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven_________now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran_________ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quickly5.Keepquiet,please.It"s_________noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch课时训练ADCAC 6.—Haveyou_________spokentoaforeigner?—No,_________.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan_________inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboys8.I"llgoandvisityou_________nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.—Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?—Itwasverybad.Itrained_____peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportant课时训练(B)(C)(C)(D)(A) 11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It"s_________usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks_________.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.We"veneverheardof_________storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes______A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak______?Istillcan"tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowly课时训练BBABD Seeyounexttime!