小学英语语法及习题(已修改) 20页

英语学习指导丛书（语法）姓名：学校：20 班级：英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍20 　　【No.1】一般现在时的功能　　1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。　　2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。　　3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。　　一般现在时的构成　　1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：　　Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。　　2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：　　WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。　　当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。　　一般现在时的变化　　1.be动词的变化。　　否定句：主语+be+not+其它。　　如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。　　一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。　　如：-Areyouastudent?　　　　-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismy20 bike?　　2.行为动词的变化。　　否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：　　Idon"tlikebread.　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如：　　Hedoesn"toftenplay.　　一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：　　-Doyouoftenplayfootball?　　-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.　　当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：　　-Doesshegotoworkbybike?　　-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies三、现在进行时20 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+be+主语+动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：  疑问词+be+动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping四、将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。2.基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.3.否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.20 4.一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?5.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。.问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon..问干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethis   afternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoing    tobed?6.同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.五、一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。20 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied20 5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-wasare-were,do-did,see-saw,say-saidgive-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,peak-spoke,sweep-swept,buy-boughtswim-swam,sit-satbring—broughtcan-couldcut-cutbecome-becamebegin-begandraw-drewfeel-feltfind-foundforget-forgothear-heardkeep-keptknow-knewlearn-learnt（learned）leave-leftlet-letlose-lostmeet-metread-readsleep-sleptspeak-spoketake-tookteach-taughttell-toldwrite-wrotewake-wokethink-thought20 练习题一、名词复数规则练习写出下列各词的复数I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______      juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____20 come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20 20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)___________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)________________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________20 10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________四、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doesshelikesgoingfishing?__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________    write_________ski___________read________have_________sing    ________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________    get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom20 .3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefood    now.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic. 9.It’s  5  o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)__________________________________________________________20 4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)将来时练习：一、填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?二、改句子。5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.6. I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7. I’mgoingtogetupat6:3020 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_______________she_________________________afterschool?10.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)__________________goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.过去时练习：一、写出下列动词的过去式isam_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________draw________　put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________二、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I______anEnglishteachernow.　　2.She_______happyyesterday.　　3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.　　4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.　　5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.20 　　6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.　　7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.　　8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children"sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.三、句型变换1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：2.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?20 5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What_________she_________(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She_________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.9.It_________(be)Ben"sbirthdaylastFriday10.Weall_________(have)agoodtimelastnight.11.He_________(jump)highonlastSportsDay.12.Helen_________(milk)acowonFriday.13.Shelikes_________newspapers,butshe_________abookyesterday.(read)14.He_______footballnow,butthey_______basketballjustnow.(play)15.Jim"smother_________(plant)treesjustnow.16._______they________(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they_________.17.I_______(watch)acartoononMonday.18We____(go)toschoolonSunday.19.It____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite___(go)tohisofficebycar.20 20.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.21.Don"t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)22.What_________you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)23.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.24.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)25._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)26.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.27.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.28.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)五、句型转换1、Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（改否定句）Lucy______________________herhomeworkathome.2、Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)___________he_____________________meatinthefridge?3、Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）　_______________________________she__________there?4、Therewassomeorangeinthecup.（变一般疑问句)20 　　_________there___________orangeinthecup?六、单项选择，从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。()1．Myfather＿＿＿＿＿＿illyesterday．A．isn"tB．aren"tC．wasn"tD．weren"t()2．＿＿＿＿＿＿yourparentsathomelastweek﹖A．IsB．WasC．AreD．Were()3．Thetwins＿＿＿＿＿＿inDalianlastyear．They＿＿＿＿＿＿herenow．A．are;wereB．were;areC．was;areD．were;was()4．＿＿＿＿＿＿yourfatheratworktheday＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖A．Was;beforeB．Is;beforeC．Was;afterD．Is;after()5．—WhowasondutylastFriday﹖—＿＿＿＿＿＿．A．IamB．IwasC．Yes,IwasD．No,Iwasn"t()6.Icleanedmyclassroom___________.AwiththreehoursBthreehoursagoCinthreehoursDthreehoursbefore()7.Icame_______myhousetwodaysago.AbackonBbacktoCtobackDback20 ()8.___________?Hedidsomereadingathome.AWhatdoesyourfatherdoyesterdayeveningBWhatdoesyourbrotherdointheschoolCWhatdidyourbrotherdoovertheweekendDWheredidyourbrothergolastSunday()9.Whatdidyoudo________?Iwenttothemovies.AnextmorningBovertheweekendCintheweekendDnextMonday()10.Thekoalasleeps_______，butgetsup_________.A.duringtheday;attheeveningB.atday;duringnightC.intheday;duringtheeveningD.duringtheday;atnight20