高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习(1) 27页

语法填空训练：共21页高考英语语法填空解题技巧与练习语法填空的考查范围：1语境(上下文）；2语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、连词固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。语法填空的能力要求：1.阅读/理解语篇的能力2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层考生来说，难度较大。重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2）主语+系动词+表语其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5）作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。（2）用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。如:阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。27 语法填空训练：共21页TheInternethasbecomepartofyoungpeople’slife.____1____reportshowsthat38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget_____2____(use)informationontheInternet____3____usetheInternettohelpintheirstudies.Butmanystudentsdon’tuseit_____4____agoodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,somevisitwebsites____5____shouldn’tlookat.Sobadthingsmayhappen____6___studentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet._____7____isimportantforstudentstousetheInternetproperly.Nowwehaveatextbook,_____8____usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.Somestudentsalsomake____9____ontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveaface-to-face____10_____(meet)withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.1.A.从下文中可以看出这是一个报道表明,前文还没有出现,无须特指.考查冠词的用法.2.useful.提示词use有名词和动词的词性，在这里是要一个形容词修饰imformation.考察词性的判定和转化。3.and.从这个句子要表达的意思来看get和use是并列的谓语动词。4.in.固定搭配，inaway表示用某种方法。5.they.这是一个省略了that/which的定语从句，从句子成分来看，此句缺乏主语，是用来修饰websites,而关系代词在定语从句种作宾语，故省略，填they来作从句中的主语。6.if.从上一句话承接下来的一个结果，但用了情态动词may,此空应该填连词来引导一个条件状语从句。7.It.形式主语it代替真正的主语-不定式tousetheInternet.8.which.通过句子分析法可以知道这是一个非限制性的定语从句。9.friends.由语境，下文中onlinefriends推断出makefriends这个短语。10.meeting.提示词meet虽有名词词性，但haveameeting是习惯搭配。下面是一些基本语法的解析，结合以往的一些单项选择考题作为理解之用(加深对基础语法的理解,对各个部分都有指导作用)：一、动词(谓语/非谓语)给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。动词及动词短语辨析主要考查的知识点：每年必考的考点，主要从以下几个角度来命题：①习惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析；测试一些习惯用语中的动词；测试一些系动词。②下列动词组成的短语：break，carry，come，get，give，go，look，pick，send，set，take，turn。⑤英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲中虽列出了单词和词组，但并未注明其具体的含义，这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时，不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义，要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如：goout便可挖掘出以下含义：出去；出国；发出去；贴出去；出去参加社交活动；离家出去工作；压塌；（火）熄灭；过时；死去；消失；辞职；下台；结束；罢工等。（在完形填空中多加注意）27 语法填空训练：共21页【例17】Twoorthreeyearsagothiskindofglasseswasafavoritewiththechildren，butnowit_______.A.hasgoneoverB.hasgoneoutC.goesbyD.isgoingdown【答案】B【解析】goout在这是“过时”之意。答案选B。【例18】They’ve_______us￡150,000forthehouse.Shallwetakeit？A.providedB.suppliedC.shownD.offered【答案】D【解析】解答本题时不能只依据表面意思来选择。provide表示“提供”之意，但常构成providesb.withsth.（提供某人某物）或providesth.forsb.（提供某物给某人）；supply也表示“提供”之意，但常构成：supplysb.withsth.或supplysth.tosb；show意为“带路，给某人看”，不合句意；offer常用为：offersb.sth.（提供某物给某人）。所以答案是D。【例19】Toeverybody’ssurprise，thefashionableyounglady_______tobeathief.A.foundoutB.provedoutC.putoutD.turnedout【答案】D【解析】findout表示“打听，查明”；proveout搭配错误；putout表示“扑灭，熄灭”；turnout表示“证明是，结果是”。故答案为D。1.…MsChen(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent.（广州一模）2.…IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.（广州一模）3.…Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,__________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute..(广州二模)4.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.（深二模）5.Thechild,NicoleHobson,(take)byhermothertoChildren"sMemorialHospitalabout11p.m.,Wednesdaytocheck…（汕头二模）6.Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.（汕头二模）7.AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.（茂名二模）8.Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldn’thavebeenthereifhe______(watch)theweatherforecastthedaybefore.(梅州二模)9.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson(receive)thegift.（广州一模）10…Withtheproblem(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement..(广州二模)11…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_________(complete)therest..(广州二模)12.There,(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!（深一模）13.(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%.（茂名二模）27 语法填空训练：共21页14.StormssweptalongNewMexico"sborderwithTexasonFriday,______(destroy)homesandotherbuildingsandinjuring…(梅州二模)15．Wemustpractisespeakingand(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.16．butitisnotenoughonly(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.（佛山一模）17.Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverything______(present)tohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.（东莞一模）Keys:1.hastaught/hasbeenteaching/hadtaught/hadbeenteaching2.wastold/hadbeentold3.waschanged4.hadbroken5.wasbeingtaken6.havemade7.encourages8.hadwatched9.receiving10.solved11.tocomplete12.placed13.compared14.destroying15.writing16.towriting17.presented二、名词主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空，重点复习：①掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。②熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work工作，不可数名词；著作作品，可数；工厂作坊，可数；工程工事，可数。③掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。【例7】ThefacesoffourfamousAmericanpresidentsonMountRushmorecanbeseenfroma_______of60miles.A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space【答案】B【解析】本题考搭配，fromatadistanceof...从……的距离。选B。考点3代词主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：①指代必须准确无误。②在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。③疑问代词的用法。④it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。【例8】—WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage？—_______wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either【答案】C【解析】根据句中three一词，可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词，即在A、B、C中选择。另外，从语境上看，问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村？”而从答话人的语气看，应是“哪条路（任何一条路）都可以”。故选C。三、代词主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：①指代必须准确无误。②在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。③疑问代词的用法。④it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。【例8】—WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage？27 语法填空训练：共21页—_______wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.Either【答案】C【解析】根据句中three一词，可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词，即在A、B、C中选择。另外，从语境上看，问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村？”而从答话人的语气看，应是“哪条路（任何一条路）都可以”。故选C。考点4形容词副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）②两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语（much，verymuch，alot，agreatdeal，far，byfar，even，still，abit，alittle，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。⑤易混副词的辨析。如：specially/especially/particularly等。【例9】—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmwesawlastnight？—Ifeel_______thatthefilmiswellworthseeingonceagain？A.strongB.stronglyC.hardlyD.hard【答案】B【解析】that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断feel在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。Ifeelstronglythat...“我坚信……”。故答案为B。挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子间出现不连贯。1.…Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax.（广州二模）2.Thelittleboypulledrighthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.（深一模）3.…thedriverdidtohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmorepassengers.（汕头二模）4．Ifyougiveyourchildren…thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregardasunfitorunablepersons.（深圳罗湖）5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000ofwereself-fundedstudents,…（茂名二模）6．Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearspoken.（佛山一模）Keys:1.myself2.his3.nothing4.themselves5.them6.it四、冠词主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。①“特指”指某些人或事物。如：TheEnglishmeninthediningroomarehavingsuppernow.②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物，即“语境特指”。如：Takethemedicine.③上文已提及的人或事物，即“前照应特指”。如：Heboughtahouse.Ihavebeentothehouse.④世界上独一无二的事物。如：Thesunsets.⑤序数词或形容词最高级前。如：Iliveonthesecondfloor.⑥由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：TheUnitedStates.⑦一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如：intheway，bythehour，ontheotherhand，alltheyearround，playthepianotheviolin.27 语法填空训练：共21页2）不加冠词的几种情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。①名词前已有作定语用的this，that，some，any，my等限定词。②专有名词和不可数名词前。如：Unityisstrength.③表示学科的名词前。如：Economicsisdifferentfrompolitics.④球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如：Helikesplayingfootballandalwayshassupperoutside.⑤复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事物）时。如：Theyarestudentsandweareteachers.⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。如：Springfollowswinter.WehavefewclassesonSunday.⑦表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如：WhiteisabeautifulcolorinChina.⑧在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如：WhereisDad，Mum？BushwasmadepresidentoftheUSAagain.⑨某些习惯短语中。如：inbed，inspiteof，bychance，loseheart，catchfire，catchsightof，gotoschool，findfaultwith，makeuseof，takeexceptionto（反对）。（零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次，正规模拟考试中没有出现过，我们只作了解，不作为重点。）3）不定冠词的几种特殊用法：①专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像……的一个人或物”。如：HethinksheisaNapoleon.②姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫……的人”，多指不认识的人。如：AMissSmithcametoseeyouthatafternoon.③用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：—Whatwouldyouliketodrink？—Ateaandacoffee.④用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有surprise，knowledge，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy等等。如：Allhiseffortsendedinfailure.⑤不定冠词用在population，history，area，height，weight，depth，length，speed等词前。如：Toescapethepulloftheearth，arocketmustreachaspeedof40，000kmh。【例6】Ofallthesubjects，Ilike______historythebestbecauseitgivesus_______usefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.A.the；aB./；aC.a;theD.a;/【答案】B【解析】history是不可数名词，前面一般不加冠词；knowledge也是不可数名词，但knowledge前加不定冠词，后跟of时组成aknowledgeof结构，表示“对……精通、了解”。所以答案为B。1．…ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_____firstquestion.(广州二模)2…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore…andboughtherexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef..(广州一模)3.Tom,8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.（深一模）4．HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand_____goodmanyotherthings.（深二模）5.Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving____heartfailure.（汕头二模）6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_____comparativelycheapone.（东莞一模）Keys:1.the2.an3.an4.a5.a6.a五、介词介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。想看基础知识，请看介词。27 语法填空训练：共21页下面我们来学点介词口诀。帮你快速记单词。一、介词及介词短语介词像个“游离体”，名前动后常出现，一旦组成“某结构”，句中成分有一位。“介+宾”叫“介短”，作“形、副”句里边。“宾补、表、定、状”，都能用得上①。“动+介”——动词性②，“及、不及物”谓语用。成语、习语常固定，应用起来有弹性。注①介词后面的名词、代词或数词是介词的宾语，介词和介词宾语合成介词短语。介词短语在句中的语法作用相当于形容词或副词，在句中做宾（主）语、补足语、表语、定语或状语。②“动词+介词（副词）”组成一个动词词组或短语动词，其语法作用相当于一个及物动词或不及物动词，在句中作谓语。二、介词在句中的位置介词活跃句关键，短语合成形简单，独作成分看不见，介短表定状可担。before时空在之前，after之后off远。直上over，above斜，under，below下相反。直到till，on表面，穿过through，for因缘。by表旁边in里面，with伴随by车船。时间地点at、in、on，二者between多among，behind后面beside旁，附近near沿着along。from来自like像，表示目的for，to当。of所属周围round，向上up向下down。三、on,at,in用法巧记on，at，in这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点，但具体用法不同，多数学生对它们混淆不清。现在只要记住了口诀，就可避免at，on，in的种种误用。1.on，in，at表示时间on“在具体某一天”①“当某时”，动名词，arrival，death前；用in一般“上”“下”“晚”；on用于天，in用于月、季、年③；限定三时in要变。④at是个时间点，“工作”“时刻”与“圣诞”⑤。atnoon（night），intheday，习惯用语记心间。注：①on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。27 语法填空训练：共21页例OnMother"sDay,weshouldsnedflowerstoourmother.母亲节，我们应该送花给我们的母亲。Onmyarrivalhome，Ifoundhehadgonealready．当我到家时，我发现他已经走了。②当early，late用于句首修饰介词短语时，尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上，都要用in，泛指一般的上、下午，晚上也用in。例EarlyinthemorningofNationalDay，Igotuptocatchthefirstbustothezoo．国庆节一清早，我便起床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车。Myfatherbeginsworkat8：00inthemorningandstopsworkat4：00intheafternoon．我父亲上午8点上班，下午4点下班。③于将来时态表示“过一段时间后”及表示“在……期间”和“在某个季节，某年、某月”都用in。例Ihearhe’llbebackinamonth．我听说他将于一个月后回来。InthecourseofthelastlessoninFrench，littleFranzwaslisteningtothemasterveryattentively．在那最后一堂法语课中，小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲。XiaoMingwasborninDecemberof2004.小明生于2004年12月。④当morning，afternoon，evening有前位定语或后置定语限定时，就不用in而用on。例onahot(summer)noon在一个炎热（夏天）的中午onMondayMorning在星期一上午onthemorningofMarch8th在3月8日上午⑤表示某时某刻及在work，Christmas前用at。例Wegetupateighto’clock．我们8点起床。Myfatherarebusilyatworkallday．我父亲整天忙于工作。InwesterncountrieschildrengetpresentfromtheirparentsatChristmas．在西方国家，孩子们在圣诞节得到父亲给的礼物。2.on，in，at表示地点on“在之上”接触面，“靠近、接壤、左右边”①；in“在里面”和“中间”②；at表示小地点，“入口、车站、电影院”③；home出现定语、冠，须用in把at换④；“夜间、车辆”若有限，及“在途中”on在前⑤。注：①在表示地点时，指“在……之上（与表面接触）”“靠近、接壤”及“在左右边”都用on。例ThereisanEnglish-Chinesedictionaryandtwogrammarbooksonthebigdesk．那张大写字台上有一本英汉词典和两本语法书。KorealiesonthenortheastofChina．朝鲜位于中国东北方。Tomwassittingonmyleftwhenwesawthefilmyesterday．我们昨天看电影时，汤姆坐在我左边。27 语法填空训练：共21页②表示“在……里面”（即物体内部），“在……中间”（即middle前）都用in。例Jimturnedthekeyinthelockandopenedthedoor．吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里，转动一下，打开了门。Soontheywereinthemiddleoftheriver．很快他们就游到了河中间。1.IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,…,wereasurepath_______success.(广州二模)2．"Don"tbealwaysparticular_yourpresentworkandincome.(惠州一模)3.ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong______constructivecriticism.（深二模）4.Heshowedthepublicalimitededitionfour-wheeldrivecar,whichisespeciallymade_______hispersonaltaste.(梅州一模)5.Fivewereincriticalcondition______headtrauma(外伤,损伤),saidLizCrouch,thecenter"schiefoperatingofficer.(梅州二模)6．Thereisnoeasywaytosuccesslanguagelearning.Keys:1.to2.about3.with4.to5.with6.in7.ninth六、连词(从属连词/并列连词)A)引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what,who,which,when,where,whatever,whoever,whichever,whether；副词从句引导词where,wherever,when,if,how,unless,until…1.…Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas　　thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.（广州一模）2.Myfaceturnedredonhearing__mymothersaid.(惠州一模)3.shewouldpointouttheyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.（深圳罗湖）4．TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(儿科)sayschildrenreallyneedforhealthdevelopmentismoregood,old-fashionedplaytime.(四校联考)5.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname_____Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.（深二模）6.childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.7.StatisticsshowthatChinacarriedouttheopening-uppolicy,atotalofonemillionstudentshavegoneabroadforstudy.（茂名二模）8．wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.（佛山一模）9.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisisprecisely_________thedangerlies.Keys:1.what2.what3.what4.what5.when6.Unless7.since8.If9.whereB)并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and,but,or,though,although,so…挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。27 语法填空训练：共21页1．…Ihadnoideahowtodoit.ItriedtostaypositiveandperseveredIfinallyfoundthesolution.（广州二模）2．…IaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterestImademyfinaldecision.（广州一模）3.Tom,an8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopsatatatable.（深一模）4.Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.（深圳罗湖）Keys:1.until2.and3.and4.but七、情态动词主要考查的知识点：情态动词的基本含义和用法；情态动词表推测的用法以及“情态动词+have+ved”结构等。重点复习：①maymight，cancould表示可能。②mustcancouldmaymight（havedone）表示对过去发生事情的推测。③shouldoughtto+have+done表示对过去的责备。④wouldrather+havedone以及hadbetter+havedone表示后悔。⑤willshall表示请求，许可。⑥couldmightshouldhavedone表示虚拟语气。【例16】—SummerHolidayisdrawingnear.Areyougoinghomefortheholiday？—Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Igohome，butitdependsontheweather.A.mustB.needC.mayD.will【答案】C【解析】本题考查情态动词表示可能性的用法。must表示非常肯定的语气，need不用于肯定，will表示“意愿”，而may表示把握不大的一种可能性，后面常跟but分句。故答案为C。八、形容词/副词主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。重点复习：①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）②两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语（much，verymuch，alot，agreatdeal，far，byfar，even，still，abit，alittle，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。⑤易混副词的辨析。如：specially/especially/particularly等。【例9】—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmwesawlastnight？—Ifeel_______thatthefilmiswellworthseeingonceagain？A.strongB.stronglyC.hardlyD.hard【答案】B【解析】that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断feel在此不是一个连系动词，而是一个实义动词。Ifeelstronglythat...“我坚信……”。故答案为B。1.Oneofthe(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.（广州一模）2.Iputthepaperasideandturnedtothe_____one,atthetopofwhich…（深二模）3.Manyotheractorsare____(badly)offthanmeatpresent,…(惠州一模)27 语法填空训练：共21页4.In2006,over40,000overseasstudentscameback,with33,000ofthembeingself-fundstudents,20%thantheyearbefore.（茂名二模）Keys:1.worst2.next/other3.worse4.more九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though,however,also,therefore,still,besides,inaddition,instead,or,otherwise，first,second,then,finally,inaword等等。1．This,,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.(广州二模)2.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise.（深圳罗湖）Keys:1.however2.instead十、词形变化或者词性变化．给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。1…MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.　(广州一模)2.…(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.　(广州二模)3.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit(patience).（深一模）4.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid(rude).（深一模）5.Idon’tknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto______(soft)theblow,butitwork.（深二模）6.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)them.(惠州一模)7.youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_(entertain)field.(惠一模)8.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.（茂名二模）9.…tocheckher(recent)inserted(插入)pacemaker.（汕头二模）10．Thetornadoesdamagedseveral______(new)builtbuildings,…(梅州二模)11．Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…(四校联考)12theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______(excite)footballmatch.（东莞一模）Keys:1.appreciation2.Fortunately3.impatient4.rudely5.soften6.misunderstand7.entertainment8.contributions9.recently10.newly11.beneficial12.exciting27 语法填空训练：共21页十一、特殊句型（或固定短语）考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。1.Itwasnotlongthewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetable.2.…wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG!（广州一模）3.SocarelesswasI_______Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.（深二模）4.…"asamatterof_,youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievement…(惠州一模)5．WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobringNicole"slife…（汕头二模）6.Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileawaythehospital.（汕头二模）Keys:1.before2.It3.that4.fact5.back6.from十二、定语从句的引导词．主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由whose，where，when，that，as和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。复习重点：①when引导的定语从句。②where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。③which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。④as引导的定语从句“such...as、thesame...as”，以及和目的结果状语从句的辨别。⑤分隔式定语从句的识别。⑥能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。【例10】I’llneverforgetthedays________Ilivedinthefactorywiththeworkers，_______isagreathelptomyarticle.A.that；whichB.when；whichC.which；thatD.when；who【答案】B【解析】第一空后的分句中的谓语动词是不及物动词live，其后不需要宾语，只需要作状语的关系副词，故第一空用when；而第二个句子是对前面整个句子进行说明，因此用which。故答案为B。必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。1.…Theexam,　　　　wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(广州二模)2…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore　Iworkedpart-timeandboughtheranexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.（广州一模）3.Itwasapoemaboutme,______includedthetime…（深二模）4.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents_______camebacktoChinaafterstudy.（茂名二模）5.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,issupportedbytheChinesegovernment.（茂名二模）Keys:1.which2.where3.which4.who5.which十三、状语从句主要考查的知识点：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。27 语法填空训练：共21页重点复习：①时间状语从句，尤其是as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词。②when/where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。③让步状语从句的倒装。④与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。【例11】Afterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwassetup______therehasoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.who【答案】B【解析】这是where引导的状语从句，不能将其视为定语从句，因为没有先行词。十四、名词性从句主要考查的知识点：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。重点复习：①whether，if和that的区别。②that从句和wh-从句的区别。③wh-引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如：Thebookiswhereyouleftitjustnow.④连接代词和连接副词的选择。【例12】—Excuseme，butcanyoutellthewaytothissmalltown？—Itdependsonyougo.Thereareseveralwaysofgettingthere.A.whereB.howC.whenD.whether【答案】B【解析】本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看，本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应该是“怎样走”。故答案为B。十五、时态、语态主要考查的知识点：动词的时态、语态是每年的必考点，也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常考2～3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查；且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说，命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现，所以理解语言情景是关键，同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系，只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系，对照选项，就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义，同时还要注意时态一致。重点复习：①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。③一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。⑤“系动词+过去分词”的用法。如：getpaid；remaincovered；looklost等形式的用法。⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。【例13】—Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein？—I_______forawhileand_______somereading.A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodoB.played；didC.hadplayed；wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed；did【答案】C【解析】play动作在came之前，所以用过去完成时态，而dosomereading的动作则即将开始。【例14】Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimetobeforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange【答案】A【解析】本题考查“连系动词+过去分词”的用法。答案为A。十六、非谓语动词和独立主格结构27 语法填空训练：共21页主要考查的知识点：非谓语动词每年必考，通常考1～3小题，主要考查①v-ing、不定式作宾语的区别。②非谓语动词作宾补的区别。③非谓语动词作状语的区别。④非谓语动词作定语时的区别。⑤非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。（注意：多次模拟试题的语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。）重点复习：①识别非谓语动词在句中的成分，不定式、v-ing形式、过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。②识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语，哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语，哪些动词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别，哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大，哪些动词接带to的不定式作宾语补足语，哪些动词接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。(stop,forget,remember,regret..etc.)③have、get、make等动词所接的宾语补语的选用。④非谓语动词作状语和状语从句的联系和区别。⑤熟悉解题方法。解此类题时，可用“三步曲”：首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构，看选项作何成分，结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓语动词形式；第二步，根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用何种非谓语动词的时态；第三步，按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态，如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语，那就可判断要么是状语从句，要么是独立主格结构。【例15】Markoftenattemptstoescapewheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tobefinedC.tohavebeenfinedD.beingfined【答案】D【解析】escape后须接动词-ing形式，而句子主语为fine的承受者，故用被动式。attempt和fine之间并无先后关系，因此不能用完成时态。故答案为D。十七、倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他主要考查的知识点：从历届高考题可以看出，高考并没有完全放弃测试语言形式。语言知识这类的题目，尤其是强调和倒装两部分，在语法填空中有考查到强调句和it作形式主语＋that引导主语从句的辨析。从试题分析来看，加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句意理解难度，注重知识类题目的情景化是近几年高考命题的趋势。重点复习：①考查知识之间的相互交叉的现象，加强综合考查语法知识的力度应该是这一内容命题的新趋势。②it形式主语和therebe句型的结合。③强调句和定语从句的结合。④情态动词和反意疑问句的结合。⑤祈使句和反意疑问句的结合。⑥主谓一致和时态语态的结合。⑦独立主格结构、平行结构和从句的结合。【例20】Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_______theimportanceofstudies.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealized【答案】D【解析】这是一道倒装和时态结合考查的题目。onlythen位于句首，句子应进行部分倒装。“意识到”的动作是指“过去某时的动作”，而不是指failed之前的动作。所以答案为D。【例21】Theteacher，with6girlsand8boysofherclass，_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe【答案】A【解析】这是一道时态和主谓一致交叉考查的试题。with6girlsand8boysofherclass补充说明theteacher，谓语动词的数应和theteacher保持一致。因事情发生在地震的时候，谓语动词应用过去进行时。故答案为A。十八、语法填空专练（8篇）语法填空专练一27 语法填空训练：共21页InthesmalltownsoftheUnitedStatesinthe1(nineteen)century,thegeneralstorewas2everyoneboughtthethingshecouldn’tmake3growathome.Whatthestoressold4(tell)agreatdealabout5lifeatthattime.Peopleboughttoolsthattheyneededforfarmwork;salt,sugarand6foodsthatthefarmdidn’tproduce;articlesofclothingthattheycouldn’tmake7;shirtsforthemen;orclothesforthechildren.Lifewassimplethen.Onefeelsthatpeoplewere8(thank)forwhattheyhadandthattheylooked9withcouragetowhateverthefuturebrought.Itwouldbeinterestingtoknowhowtheywouldfeelaboutthelifetoday.Woulditseemtothemthatlifeistoocomplex?Wouldtheyenjoy10(live)alifeaswedonow?语法填空专练二Doyoufeel1difficulttobehappyallthetime?NowI’llgiveyousometips2howtomakeyourselfhappy.Onewayisbeing3(self)becauseunselfishnessisthekeyfactor4(require)ifyouwanttogetalongwellwithothers.By5(say)beingunselfishwemeanwe6notwanteverythingourownwayordemandthebestshareofeverything.Anotherwayistolookforgoodpointsin7people.You’llfindmostpeoplepleasanttogowithanditwillsurelymakeyouhappy.Third,youcannotexpecttobetooperfect,8don’tbetoounhappywhenyoumakeamistake.EverythingwillbeOKifyoutrytomakethingsright.Finally,itisimportanttorememberthatwhileyouarenot9(bad)thatothers,chancesyouhavemaynotbemuchbetter.Inthiscase,10surestwaytobehappyistothinkyourselfaboveotherpeople.语法填空专练三Wemaybevery1(please)withtherapidprogresswehavemadeineveryfieldofstudy,butwehavealmostdonenothingtoimproveourpresent2(exam)systemswhichfocus3testingthestudents’memoryinsteadoftheir4(able).Assoonasachildbeginsschoo,heentersaworldofexamination5willdecidehisfutureofjob.Infactagoodexaminationstystemshouldencouragestudentstothinkforthemselves.Buttheexaminationnowdoesanythingbutthat.Itforcesthestudentstoremember6istaughttogethighmarks.Thusthestudentswhocomeoutfirstintheexaminationoftenmanybethe7(good)intheirstudies.Inaddition,such8examinationsystemoftendrivesteacherstocramallthetimeandforcesthemtotrainstudentswhattodowiththe9(come)examination.Theremustbeabetterwaytotestastudent’strueabilityas10astheirknowledge.语法填空专练四MoreAmericanpeopletaketheirtroubleswiththemonholiday,according1anewsurvey.Although40percentsaidthatthemainreasonforgoingawayistoescape2(press)fromwork,almostallsaidtheyworrymore3theydoathome.Onlyforeineveryonehundredsaidthattheyarehappyandfreeofcare.27 语法填空训练：共21页Themostcommonworryisburglary（入室盗窃）,withfouroutoftenworryingabouttheirhomes4(break)intowhiletheyareabroad.Morethanaquarterfeeltheywillfeelcrazy5someothernoisyandroughholiday-makersandtwenty-twopercentworrytheymaybeattacked6theirpossessionswillbe7(miss).Thesurveyalsoshowed8thestay-athomeAmericansarenomore.Threeoutofeveryfivewanttohaveaholidayabroad,whichwas9increasefromthefiguresonlythreeyearsago.Thehotelholidayisstillawinner,withaboutonethirdofallAmericans10(prefer)togoonaself-catering（自助）holiday.语法填空专练五ManyChinesebelieve1(eat)pigbrainswillincreasetheirintelligenceandsomeAmericansregularlyeat2(cook)eggstokeeptheirmindssharp.3,doctordon’trecommendtoeat4raweggsoranimalbrains.Then,whatfoodisgoodforyourbrain?Scientistshavefound5relationship6dietandahealthybrain.Generallyspeaking,fishisabrainfood.Besidesfish,youshouldintroducelotsofdarkgreenleafyvegetablesandcolorfulfruitsintoyourdiet7mostpeoplelackthespecialvitamins8thesebrainfoodprovide.Ifyoueatbrainfoods9(regular),theycanincreasebrainpower---helpyoupayattention,keepyoumotivated,improveyourmemoryand10(less)stressfromstudies.Thenyoucandomuchbetterinyourtest.语法填空专练六Millions1wordshavebeensaidaboutyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates.Therearereasonsforthisgreatinterestintheirideas,2(feel)andactions.TodaythereareabouteightmillionAmericansinthecollegesanduniversities.Theyoungundertwenty-fivemake3nearlyhalfoftheAmericanpopulation,manyof4willbeinpowerintheU.S..5(nature),theirideasareimportanttoeveryoneinthecountry,and6isnecessaryfortheolderpeopletounderstand7theythinkandfeel.Collegestudentstodayhavestrongopinionsaboutrightand8.Theyaredeeplyinterestedinmakinga9(good)lifeforallthepeople,especiallyforthosewhohavenever10(give)afairchancebefore.语法填空专练七LiuXiangwasthefirstAsian______1_____(win)themen’s110mhurdlesattheOlympicsinAthens.______2____thathebecameanidol(偶像)totheyoungpeople.“IneverthoughtIwouldrununder13secondsandbreaktheOlympic____3____.”saidLiuXiangintears,“Iamveryveryexcited.I’mproudnotjustformyselfandforChinese____4____forAsia.Myracewent______5_____(wonderful)fromstarttofinish.”Liuadded.“Itis_____6_____amazingexperiencebeingtheOlympicchampion.Iwanttothankmycoachandmyfriends27 语法填空训练：共21页for_____7____theirhelp.IthinktodayweChinesehaveshowedtheworldwe____8_____runasfastasanybodyelse.”SincehisreturnfromAthens,LiuXianghasbeenatthecenterofamediacircusandhehasbeentomanypressappearancesandmeetings.____9____Liuthinks2004isjustthebeginning,andheexpectstobeathispeakinthe2008BeijingOlympics.Liusaid,“Forsomeplayers,it’sjustajob.Forme,it’s____10____Ilove.”语法填空专练八Lifeisdifficult.Butlifeisnolongerdifficultoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit.Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.___1___theycomplainabouttheirproblemsanddifficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthatdifficultiesrepresent___2___specialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamilies,theirclass,oreventheirnation.___3___makeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblems___4___painful.Problems,___5___(depend)ontheirnature,causeussadnessorlonelinessorregretorangerorfear.Theseare___6___(comfort)feelings,oftenasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblems,lifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.Yetitisinthiswholeprocessofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfrom___7___(fail).Whenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofthehumanspirit,weencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblemsjustasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildren__8___(solve).Itisthroughthepainofmeetingandworkingoutproblems___9___welearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaid,“Thosethingsthathurt,instruct.”Itis___10___thisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelcomethepainofproblems.Keys:一1.nineteenth2.where3.or4.tells5.the6.other7.themselves8.thankful9.forward10.living二1.it2.on3.unselfish4.required5.saying6.should7.other8.so9.worse10.the三1.pleased2.examination3.on4.ability5.which/that6.what7.best8.an9.coming10.well四1.to2.pressure3.than4.beingbroken5.with6.or7.missing8.that9.an10.preferring五1.eating2.uncooked3.However4.either5.a6.between7.because8.that9.regularly10.lessen六1.of2.feelings3.up4.whom5.Naturally6.it7.what8.wrong9.better10.beengiven七1.towin2.after3.record4.but(also)5.wonderfully6.an7.all8.can9.But10.what27 语法填空训练：共21页八1.Instead2.a3.What4.is5.depending6.uncomfortable7.failure8.tosolve9.that10.for语法填空讲练第1篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上。词数：166完成时间：8分钟难度：***Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalsoexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshopethewholesocietypaymoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolenceis31hotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,32callsforourgreatconcern.Weshouldtryeveryeffort33(prevent)violencehappeningatschoolformoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschool34theirpersonalsafetycouldnot35(guarantee).Infact,violencecan36(learn).Childrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom37theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolence38violence,foritwillresultin39(much)fighting.Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys.Allinall,everystudentshouldbehave40(he)andkeepawayfromviolence.答案：文章向我们介绍了作者对校园暴力的看法。31．a这里需要一个不定冠词表示某个的意思。32．这里要用which引导一个非限制性定语从句，因为先行词为物，所以要用which。33．toprevent不定式作目的状语。34．if／aslongas人身安全得不到保障是辍学的条件，所以应该用引导连接条件状语从句的连词。35．beguaranteed所给动词和其逻辑主语是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态。36．belearned事实上；暴力是可以学的。37．what引导一个宾语从句，并且在从句中作宾语，所以要用what。38．with表示方式，意思是“用”。39．more由语境可知，以暴力对付暴力，只能产生更多的暴力。40．himselfbehaveoneself表现良好，行为良好。语法填空讲练第2篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上。词数：162完成时间：8分钟难度：***27 语法填空训练：共21页Inthe1950s,afamilythatownedafarmnearBeulah,Michigankeptabullchainedtoanelm(榆树).Thebullpaced31thetree,draggingtheheavyironchain,whichledtoagroove(槽)inthebark(树皮).Thegroove32(deep)overtheyears.Thoughforwhateverreason,itdidnotkillthetree.33someyears,thefamilytooktheirbullaway.Theycutthechain,leavingthelooparoundthetreeandonelink34(hangdown).Thenoneyear,agriculturalcatastrophestruckMichiganin35formofDutchelmdisease.Alloftheelmsliningtheroadleadingtothefarmbecameinfected36died.Everyonethoughtthattheoldelmwouldbethenext.Thefarmownersconsidered37(go)thesafething:pullingitoutandchoppingitupintofirewoodbeforeitdied.38(amazing),thetreedidnotdie.Nobodycouldunderstand39itwastheonlyelmstillstandinginthecounty.It"ssaidthat40doesn"tkillyouwillmakeyoustronger.Or,asaplantpathologists(病理学家)putit,"Lifebreaksusall,butafterwards,manyofusarestrongestatthebrokenplaces."答案：这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过叙述一棵老榆树大难不死的故事告诉我们这样一个道理：经历疼痛才能变得坚强，才能抵挡住更大的困难甚至是灾难。31．around下文告诉我们，树皮被铁链磨出了一个槽。由此可以看出，这是由牛绕着树来回踱步造成的。32．wasdeepened随着岁月的流逝，磨出来的槽逐渐被加深了。所以要用被动，另外，由于动作发生在过去，所以动词要用过去式。33．Afterafter+时间段，表示经过一段时间之后。34．hangingdownhangdown和其逻辑主语onelink是主谓关系，所以用现在分词表示主动，构成leave+宾语+现在分词。35．theintheformof固定用法，意思是：以……的形式。36．and榆树受到感染，继而死去。37．goingconsider后跟动名词作宾语。38．Amazingly副词作状语，修饰整个句子。39．why谁都不理解为什么只有这棵榆树依然耸立在那里。40．what引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语，所以用what。语法填空讲练第3篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上。词数：213完成时间：8分钟难度：**IwasgoingtothestoreonecoldeveningandasIwasapproachingthestorethere31amaninthefrontofthestore.Helookedatmeandsaidreallyloud"Hi."Ireplied,"Hi,howareyou?"Hesaid"Iamfine."andthenhelookedatmeasifherecognizedmeandasked,"32isyourmother?"27 语法填空训练：共21页Ofcourse,Ididn"tknowwhattosaytothatquestion33mymotherhadbeen34(die)forseveralyears.IfoundthisreallystrangesoIfinallysaid,"Sheisfine,thankyouandhowareyou?"Healsosaidhewasfine.Ithenanswered,"Good.CanIdo35tohelpyouatall?"Allhesaid36Ireallycoulduseahug.I37(hug)himforawhilethispoorsoulandastranger.Isaid,"Whereareyoustaying?Doyou38aride?"Hesaid,"No,Ihavemybike.IamlivingattheChurchdownthestreet."Ianswered,"Letmegiveyousomething.It"snotmuch,butthatisallI39afford."SoItookout$10frommypurseandgaveittohimthenwenthome.Totellyouthetruth,Ialwaysfeelhelpingothers40reallygreat.答案：31．Was．此处是therebe句型，时态为过去式，另外句子主语为单数形式。32．How．根据下文的内容，这里是问“你妈妈好吗?”。33．because．从此处的逻辑关系和意义看，从句部分表示原因。34．dead．此处用die的形容词形式，用作表语。35．anything．该词用在疑问和否定句中，意为“我能帮你做点什么吗?”。36．was．句子主语allhesaid为单数。37．hugged．这里的时态为过去时形式。38．need．该句的意思为“你需要坐车吗?”。39．can．afford常和情态动词连用。40．is．主语是helpingothers，分词作主语按单数处理，这里的时态为一般现在时。语法填空讲练第4篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上。词数：154完成时间：8分钟难度：**Nooneknowswhatwouldhappeninthefutureforsure.31weoftenthinkofthefutureandwonderwhattheworldwouldbelike32ahundredyears"time.Thinkofspace.Perhaps33permanentstationonthemoonwillhavebeensetup.Perhapspeoplewillbeabletovisitthemoon34tourists.Cheaprocketsforspacetravelwillhavebeendeveloped,35(permit)longjourneysthroughoutthesolarsystem.36thattimecomes,peoplewillbetakingholidaysinspace37visitingotherplanets,suchastheMarsColonyandtheVenusExplorationOutpost.Scientistsofthefuturewillalmostcertainlyfindotherwaystomakelifelast38(long).39probablywillfindcuresformostdiseases.Hospitalswillprobablyhave"bodybanks"thatcangiveyoualmostanynewpartyouneedtokeepon40(live).Peopleofthefuturemaylivetobealotolderthan100years.答案：31．But．本句与上一句是转折关系，故用转折连词but。32．in．表示将来多长时间之后时用“介词in+一段时间名词”结构。27 语法填空训练：共21页33．a．station是可数名词且表示泛指，前面应有不定冠词a。34．as．as表示“作为”，符合题意。35．permitting．cheaprockets与permit之间是主动关系，应用现在分词短语作状语表示伴随情况。36．When．此处表示将来的时间，应用when引导时间状语从句。37．and．因两个动作表示并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。38．longer．由意义可知，此处表示找到延长人类寿命的方式，故long应用比较级形式。39．They．they用来指代上句中主语scientists。40．living．keepondoingsth．意为“继续……”，故此处应用live的现在分词形式。语法填空讲练第5篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上。词数：153完成时间：8分钟难度：**Althoughmostpeoplebelievethatformalschoolingisrequiredforscientificsuccess,acollegedegreeisnotalwaysnecessary.31excellentexampleofamanwhowonfameasascientist32academic(学术的)trainingisVincentJ.Schaefer.Hisformaleducationended33twoyearsofhighschoolwhenhehadtogotoworkinanuntrainedjobatGeneralElectric.Because34hisinventivemindandhisskillasamodelmaker,hewassoonallowedtotryhisownexperimentsinthecompanylaboratory.Hisnatural35(curious)madehimwonderaboutclouds.Hedeveloped,aftermanytries,amethodofmakingcloudsrain36theywouldnotnormallydoso.Thismethod,37(call)seeding,hasbeenvery38(help)tofarmers,and39madehimwinmuchfame.Schaeferbelievesthatforpeople40mostofall,areinterestedintheworldandeverythinginit,acollegedegreeisunnecessary.答案：31．An．因excellent以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。32．without．without和名词连用表示某种状况，意为“没有”。33．after．表示过去的一段时间之后应和介词after连用。34．of．becauseof是复合介词，意为“因为”，后接名词或代词。35．curiosity．此处须用名词作主语，curious的名词形式是curiosity。36．when．此处表示时间，应用when引导时间状语从句。37．called．thismethod与call存在被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。38．helpful．very后应接help的形容词helpful“有益的”。39．it．it此处指前一分句的整个情况。40．who．who用来引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是people。语法填空讲练第6篇阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31――40的相应位置上。词数197完成时间9分钟难度***27 语法填空训练：共21页IremembermyfirstChristmasadventurewithGrandma.Iremembertearingacrosstown31mybiketovisitheronthedaymybigsisterdroppedthebomb."ThereisnoSantaClaus."shelaughed.“Evendummies(傻瓜)knowthat!"I32(flee)toGrandma33Iknewshewouldbestraightwithme.Shealwaystoldthetruth."NoSantaClaus?"shesaid."Ridiculous!Don"t34.Putonyourcoat,andlet"sgo.""Gowhere,Grandma?"Iasked.AswewalkedthroughthedoorsofthegeneralstoreGrandmahandedmetendollarsandsaid,"Buysomethingforsomeone35needsit.I"llwaitforyouinthecar."Iwasonlyeightyearsold.NeverhadIshoppedforanythingallbymyself.ForafewmomentsIjuststoodthere,36(wonder)whattobuy,andwho37(buy)itfor.IthoughtofeverybodyIknew.ThenIthoughtaboutBobbieDecker.Hewasmyclassmatewithbadbreathand38(mess)hair,andhesatrightbehindme.Hedidn"thaveacoat.Iknewthatbecauseheneverwentouttoplaygamesduringthewinter.Ifingered39billwithgrowing40(excite).IwouldbuyBobbieacoat.答案：本文主要讲述的是“我”与爷爷一起经历一次难忘的圣诞节。31．Ononone’s／the／abike＝bybike。32．fled结合全文可知此处应使用一般过去时，注意其不规则的形式。本题稍难。·33．because／as因为相信爷爷会对我说真话，所以立马跑到他那儿去求证。本题稍难。34．it／that指代“ThereisnoSantaClaus．”。35．who／that判断分析句子结构可知，此处为who／that引导的定语从句修饰someone。36．wondering根据前面的逗号，可知应该使用动词的—lng形式作伴随状语，表示主动含义。37．Tobuy与．Whattobuy构成并列平行结构。本题稍难。38．messy修饰名词hair当然用形容词messy。39．the特指上文爷爷给的“tendollars”。40．excitement作介词with的宾语，要用名词，但注意excitement为不可数名词。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（2011汕头一模）Justuptheroadfrommyhomeisafield,withtwohorsesinit.Fromadistance,eachhorselookslikeanyotherhorse.Butifyougeta___16____(close)lookyouwillnoticeoneofthemisblind.Insteadofabandoninghim,hisownerhasmadehimasafeandcomfortablebarntolivein.Andifyoustandnearbyandlisten,youwillhearthesoundofabell____17___(come)from____18____smallerhorse.Attachedto___19___(it)halterisasmall,copper-coloredbellassistingtheblindfriendtofollowhim.27 语法填空训练：共21页____20____youwatchthem,you"llfindthehorsewiththebellalwayscheckingontheblindone,andthattheblindhorsewilllistenforthebellandthenslowlywalkto____21____theotheroneis,trustinghewillnot_____22____(lead)astray.Whenthehorsewiththebellreturnstothebarneachevening,hewillstop____23____(frequent)tolookback,makingsurethatthe____24___isn"ttoofarbehindtohearthebell.Lifedoesnotthrowusawayjustbecausewearenotperfectorbecausewehaveproblemsorchallenges.Sometimeswearetheblindhorsebeingguidedbythelittleringingbellofouracquaintances;__25____othertimeswearetheguidehorse,whohelpsotherstofindtheirway.16.closer17.coming18.a/the19.its20.As21.where22.beled23.frequently24.other25.at（2）（2011深圳一模）SeveraltimeseachyeartheQueengivesafternoonteaparties.Butshesimplysitsbesideabigsilverplate,pouringcupsofteaforeveryoneand16(skill)avoidingthecakesandsandwiches.AtcocktailparitiestheQueenmovesfromgrouptogroup,chattinginformally,andmanagestomakeoneglassofdrinklast17entireevening.Toursabroadaredifficultbecausehostsseemtohavea18(believe)thatthewarmthoftheirwelcomemustbeshownwithwonderfulstatebanquets(宴会).ButtheQueenhasperfectedtheartofappearingtoenjoyhermealwithoutactuallyeatingmuch.Duringonevisit19thePacificislandsofTonga,aspecially–prepareddinnerwasarrangedinherhonor.TheQueenlookeduneasilyatherplate20shediscoveredawholeroastpigwasherserving.Thenaturkey,somemeat,anappleandbananas21(carry)inforeachguest.Butshedepended22heroldfavoritetrickoftalkingwithherhost,KingTupouIV,andcarryingonawarmconversation.SometimestheQueenwillseemsocarriedawaybyforeignleader’spoliticalchat23shesimplyneverhastimetofinishamealbeforeitistimetogetupandmakeherspeech.Shewillliftherforktoswallowamouthful,andthenput24downagaintomakeanotherpoint,leavingalmostallofhermeal25(touch).16．答案为skillfully。考查在语境中词性转换的能力。17．答案为an。考查语境中冠词的正确使用。18．答案为belief。考查语境中词性转换的能力。19．答案为to。考查语境中的常用介词搭配。20．答案为when/as。考查语境中从属连词的使用。21．答案为werecarried。考查动词的语态和主谓一致。22．答案为on。考查介词搭配的实际运用。23．答案为that。考查结果状语从句的运用。24．答案为it。考查语境中宾格代词的使用。25．答案为untouched。考查非谓语动词和逻辑思维能力。(3)27 语法填空训练：共21页(2008年佛山二模改编)SeveralmenhittheSaoPauloMuseumofArtjustbeforedawnonDecember20th,2007，and__1__shockedtheauthoritiesasittookthethievesjustthreeminutestostealpaintings__2__twoworld—famousartists,PabloPicasso__3__CandidoPoninari，__4__areworthmillionsofdollars.Imagesfromthesecretcamerashowthattwomenbegantheiractionat5∶09a.m.，__5__theguardsinthemuseumweregoingthroughtheirshiftchange(换岗).Theybrokethroughtwoglassdoors，__6__(run)tothemuseum’stopfloorandgrabbedthetwopaintingsfromdifferentrooms，somehow__7__(avoid)nearbyguards.Thealarmneverrang，andby5∶12a.m.，theyweremakingtheirescape.After__8__，thepolicewereinterviewingthe30museumemployees.“Everythingindicatesthievesweresenttodoitbysomewealthyartloverfor__9__owncollection.Hewasnotrichenoughtobuythepaintings，__10__hewaswealthy，”saidtheleadpoliceofficer，MarcosGomesdeMoura.1．[解析]　第二分句前有and，说明前后句为并列句，用人称代词it，代替前句内容。[答案]　it2．by　3.and4．[解析]　第二分句前无连词，说明此处是非限制性定语从句，用which引导。[答案]　which5．[解析]　引导时间状语从句，意思是：当博物馆的保安换班的时候。[答案]　when6．[解析]　broke，ran，grabbed三个动词作并列谓语。[答案]　ran7．[解析]　现在分词作结果状语。[答案]　avoiding8．that　9.his　10.their（4)(2010年深圳一模)Itwasaverycoldevening,anoldmanwaswaitingforarideacrosstheriver.Hesawseveralhorsemenpassbybuthedidn’taskforanyhelp.Thewaitseemed__1__(end)．Thencameanotherrider，theoldman__2__(catch)hiseyeandsaid,“Sir,wouldyouminddoingmeafavor？”Stoppinghishorse，hereplied,“Ofcourse.”Almost__3__(freeze),theoldmancouldnotget__4__theground.Thehorsemanhelpedhimontohishorse.Hetooktheoldmannotjustacrosstheriver，__5__tohishome.“Sir,youdidn’tevenasktheotherridersforhelp,why?What__6__Ihadsaid‘no’andleftyouthere？”thehorsemanasked.Theoldmanlookedathimstraightintheeyesandsaid,“Ilookedintotheireyes,Ifoundtheydidn’tcare，__7__toldmeitwouldbeuseless,butwhenIlookedinto__8__，Isawkindness.”Thesewordstouchedtheriderdeeply.“Thankyoufor__9__you’vesaid,IhopeIwillneverbetoobusytohelpothers.”withthat,ThomasJefferson,the__10__(three)presidentoftheUS,turnedhishorsearoundandwentaway.1．[解析]　在语境中考查构词法。[答案]　endless2．[解析]　考查语境中动词的变形和对时态的使用。[答案]　caught3．[解析]　在语境中考查分词的使用。[答案]　frozen4．[解析]　考查意义与词组的搭配。[答案]　off5．[解析]　考查语境中转折连词的使用。[答案]　but6．[解析]　考查对whatif结构的掌握情况。[答案]　if7．[解析]　考查定语从句在语境中的运用。[答案]　which8．[解析]　考查名词性物主代词的掌握。[答案]　yours27 语法填空训练：共21页9．[解析]　考查名词性从句引导词的使用。[答案]　what10．[解析]　考查在语境中序数词的运用。[答案]　third(5)ThewomanoftencalledtheFirstLadyofNewYorkdiedonAugust.BrookeAstorwasonehundredfiveyearsold.TheextremelywealthyandfamousNewYorkerspentmuchofherlife__1__(help)theneedyinherbelovedcity.ShewasborninPortsmouth,NewHampshire.Shewastheonlychildofahighlevelmilitaryofficer.Aftertwoearlier__2__(marry)，shemarriedVincentAstorin1953again.Hecamefromafamily__3__hadbeenrichforleastonhundredyears.Amongotherthings,heowedmanybuildingsinNewYorkCity.BrookeAstorbecameoneofthe__4__(rich)womenintheworldwhenVincentAstordied.Shealsobecameheadofahugecharityorganization__5__(found)byherhusband.Herepeatedlyhadtoldhershewouldhavefungiving__6__hismoney.Andapparentlyshedid.MissusAstorgavetensofmillionsofdollars__7__(main)toplacesandpeopleinNewYorkCity.Shesaiditwasthesensiblechoicebecausethatwas__8__themoneyhadbeenmade.Shegavefinancialsupporttothecity’sculturalcenters，itspooranddisabledas__9__astomanyothersmallercharities.Whenshedied,themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistoday__10__hersupport.1．[解析]　sb.spendtime(in)doingsth.某人花(时间，精力)做某事。[答案]　helping2．[解析]　从下文shemarriedVincentAstorin1953again.得知，她以前经历了两次婚姻[答案]　marriages3．[解析]　hadbeenrich前缺主语。这是定语从句，只能用that/which。[答案]　that/which4．[解析]　根据句意得知是最富有的。[答案]　richest5．[解析]　found创办，成立；建立，过去分词短语作定语，表被动。[答案]　founded6．[解析]　giveaway赠送；赠予；颁发。[答案]　away7．[解析]　adv.大部分地；主要地。[答案]　mainly8．[解析]　句子themoneyhadbeenmade主谓齐全。根据句意是因为这些钱应该用于人们和社会。[答案]　where9．[解析]　aswellas也，又，和。[答案]　well10．[解析]　没有她的支持，就成就不了现在的纽约。[答案]　without(6)Anewcampaigntobansmokingintaxisispartofawiderpushtocleanupthecity’simagebeforethe2010WorldExpo(2010年世界博览会).TheShanghaiDazhongTaxi,ataxicompany,saiddrivers__1__(find)smokingintheircabscould“possibly”befinedoreventemporarilybanned__2__working.Signs__3__(place)inallofthetaxicompany’s9,100strongfleet(车队)saying“NoSmokinginTaxis.WelcometoShanghaiWorldExpo”．“Wehopethesanitation(卫生环境)ofcabsinthecitywillbeimprovedthroughourno-smokingcampaign，__4__isamutualbenefitfor__5__driversandpassengers.”Dazhongsaiditwould__6__(close)monitorthecampaign’sprogress.Driverscaughtsmokingwillundergothecompany’strainingandinspectionprogram.“Cabsfoundtohavecigarettesmellwillbecalledback”，Zhaosaid.Manytaxidriverssmoke__7__(relax)fromworkinglonghours.Theofficialadmitted__8__wouldnotbeaneasytasktoachieveatotalsmokebaninashorttime.27 语法填空训练：共21页“Promotingnon-smokingtaxisinthewholecityis__9__longjourney，”Zhaosaid.“__10__havingalongwaytogo,weareconfidentoffulfillingour‘smoke-freetaxi’programinthecitythroughourdiligence.”1．[解析]　过去分词作定语，表示“被发现抽烟的司机”。[答案]　found2．[解析]　动词与介词的固定搭配，bebannedfromdoingsth.意思是“被禁止做”。[答案]　from3．[解析]　已经被放置，现在完成时态的被动语态。[答案]　havebeenplaced4．[解析]　which引导非限定性定语从句。[答案]　which5．[解析]　根据上下文的意义，这项运动是对司机和乘客双方都有好处的，所以填both。[答案]　both6．[解析]　修饰动词monitor，用副词closely，表示接近地、严密地(监控)。[答案]　closely7．[解析]　动词不定式作目的状语，许多出租车司机吸烟的目的是为了放松。[答案]　torelax8．[解析]　it在这里充当admitted后面的宾语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式toachieveatotalsmokebaninashorttime。[答案]　it9．[解析]　不定冠词的用法，表示“一个，一段”。[答案]　a10．[解析]　表示“尽管，虽然”。[答案]　Despite(7)(2008年梅州二模)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Atonepointalonganopenhighway，Icametoacrossroadswithatrafficlight.Iwasaloneontheroadbynow,but__1__Idroveuptothelight，itturnedred，andIbrakedtoahalt.Ilookedleft,right，andbehindme.Nothing，__2__acar，nosuggestionofheadlights,butthereIsat，__3__(wait)thelighttochange，theonlyhumanbeingforatleastamileinanydirection.Istartedwondering__4__Irefusedtorunthelight.Iwasnotafraidof__5__(catch)bythepolice,becausetherewasobviouslynocopanywherearoundand__6__certainlywouldhavebeennodangeringoing__7__it.Muchlaterthatnight，the__8__questionofwhyI’dstoppedforthatlightcamebacktome.IthinkIstoppedbecauseit’spartofacontract(合同)weallhavewitheachother.It’snotonlythelaw,butit’sanagreementwehave，andwetrusteachothertohonor__9__：Wedon’tgothroughredlights.Likemostofus,I’mmorereadytobestoppedfromdoingsomethingbadbythesocialagreementthatdisapprovesofit__10__byanylawagainstit.1．[解析]　引导时间状语从句，“当我驶近红绿灯的时候”。[答案]　as/when2．not3．[解析]　现在分词作伴随状语。[答案]　waiting4．[解析]　为什么我不愿闯红灯。[答案]　why5．[解析]　介词后用动名词，这里指“害怕被抓”，用被动语态。[答案]　beingcaught6．[解析]　引导存在句。[答案]　there7．[解析]　闯红灯，后面也提到。[答案]　through8．[解析]　同样的问题，即“为什么我不愿闯红灯”。[答案]　same9．[解析]　指前面提到的contract。[答案]　it10．[解析]　more...than是固定句型。[答案]　than(8)27 语法填空训练：共21页Whenyoutreatpeopleandthingsinakind，__1__(consider)，andpoliteway，youarebeingrespectful.Respect__2__veryimportant__3__home,atschool,andeverywhereyougo.__4__youshowrespect,youshowthatyoucare__5__otherpeople’sfeelingsorthatyoucareforbelongings,buildings,streetsandnature.Toshowhowmuchrespectyouhaveforpeopleandthings，try__6__(write)afunrespectpoem.Theeasiestwaytodothisistomakeasimplelistof__7__itmeanstoberespectfulatschool.Firststartbymaking__8__quicklistofhowyoucanshowrespectatschool.Listpoemsseemtoworkbestwhentheyarewrittenwithaparallelstructure;thatis，when__9__linebeginsthesamewayandfollowsthesamepattern.Next,takethebestlinesandputthemtogetherinapoem.Remembertokeeptheparallelstructure__10__followingthesamesentencepattern.1．[解析]　considerate与kind、polite一起作定语，修饰way。[答案]　considerate2．is　3.at　4.When　5.for6．[解析]　trydoing尝试做某事。[答案]　writing7．[解析]　what引导宾语从句，在从句中作means的宾语。[答案]　what8．a　9.each　10.By27