小学英语语法复习要点 11页

小学英语语法复习要点小学英语语法复习要点一、名词可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则：1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：b-bs,bag-bags,at-ats,bed-beds2．以sxshh结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,bx-bxes,brush-brushes,ath-athes3．以“辅音字母+”结尾，变为i,再加-es，如：fail-failies,straberr-straberries4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：nife-nives．不规则名词复数：an-en,an-en,pliean-plieen,pliean-plieen,use-iehild-hildrenft-feet,tth-teethfish-fish,peple-peple,sheep-sheep,hinese-hinese,apanese-apanese不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质（grass草，ie冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，usi音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如seater）,不能与不定冠词连用。写出下列各词的复数diar____________da_____________dress_______________glass__________peah___________uie________________ater____________rie______________ tea______________an____________an____________banana___________bus___________hild____________ft_____________sheep____________leaf(树叶)________dish____________nife_____________pen____________b__________bab___________ap_____________it____________bx__________b___________lass____________ee____________ffie________ar____________fx(狐狸)___________ath____________librar________pear___________sirt____________shelf_____________tat_________tth____________Englishan________paper__________il___________fail__________use__________peple(人们)__________fish_________brush________apanese____________pliean____________atereln______________hinese____________straberr_________ath____二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍1表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Thesisblue天空是蓝色的。　　2表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeverda我每天六点起床。　　3表示客观现实。如：Theearthgesarundthesun地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成：1be动词：主语+be(a,is,are)+其它。如：Iaa b我是一个男孩。注意：（我用a，你用are，三单is，复数2行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：estudEnglish我们学习英语。注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加”-s”或”-es”。如：arlieshinese玛丽喜欢汉语。）1，一般疑问句：一般以is,are,a,an,d,did,des……开头的。回答用ES/N特殊疑问句：hat,h,h,hse,hih,here,hen,h,han,h,uh开头的，需要具体回答。行为动词的变化。肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句：主语+dn’t(desn’t)+动词原形(+其它)。一般疑问句：D(DesDid)+主语+动词原形+其它。（句首加助动词d,desdid）动词+s的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：-s,il-ils2．以sxshh结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,ash-ashes,ath-athes,g-ges3．以“辅音字母+”结尾，变为i,再加-es，如：stud-studies一般现在时用法专练:用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1Heften________(have)dinnerathe2DavidandT_______(be)inlass ne3e_______(ntath)TVnnda4ie_______(ntg)ttheznSunda______the________(lie)therldup?6hat_______theften_______(d)nSaturdas?7_______urparents_______(read)nespaperseverda?8Thegirl_______(teah)usEnglishnSundas9SheandI________(tae)aaltgethereverevening10There________(be)seaterinthebttle11ie_______(lie)ing12The_______(have)thesaehbb13aunt_______(l)afterherbabarefull14ualas_______(d)urherell1I_______(be)illI’stainginbed16She_______(g)tshlfrndatFrida17LiuTa_______(d)ntliePE18Thehildften_______(ath)TVintheevening19SuHaiandSuang_______(have)eightlessnsthister20－hatda_______(be)ittda?－It’sSaturda改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1IsurbrtherspeaEnglish?__________________2Desheliesgingfishing?__________________3Heliesplagaesafterlass __________________4ruteahsusEnglish__________________Shedn’tdherhernSundas_________________三、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（句中一般含有n,l,listen）2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing如：Tisreadingbsinhisstud3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加nt。如：TisreadingbsinhisstudTisntreadingbsinhisstud4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如：TisreadingbsinhisstudIsTreadingbsinhisstud？动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：-ing2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：ae-aing,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stp-stpping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：pla_____________run______________si _____________ae______________g______________lie____________rite______________si_____________read_____________have____________sing_____________dane___________put______________see____________bu_____________lve____________live___________tae______________e_____________get_____________stp____________sit_____________begin____________shp___________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1Theb__________________(dra)apituren2ListenSegirls_______________(sing)inthelassr3ther_________________()seniefdn4hat_____u______(d)n?LThe_______________(have)anEnglishlessn6The____________(nt,ater)theflersn7L!thegirls________________(dane)inthelassr8hatisurgranddaughterding?She_________(listen)tusi9It’s‘lne_____________(have)suppern10______Helen____________(ash)lthes?es,sheis 四、将时理论及练习一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：trr,nextda(ee,nth,ear…),sn,thedaaftertrr（后天）等。二、基本结构：①begingt+d；如：Iagingtgsiingtrr②ill+d如：Iillgsiingtrr三、否定句：在be动词（a,is,are）后加nt或情态动词ill后加nt成n’t。如：Iagingtgsiingtrr→IantgingtgsiingtrrIillgsiingtrr→Iillntgsiingtrr四、一般疑问句：be动词或ill提到句首，se改为an,and改为r，第一二人称互换。如：Iagingtgsiingtrr→Areugingtgsiingtrr?Iillgsiingtrr→illugsiingtrr?用所给词的适当形式填空。1Tdaisasunndae_________________________(have)apinithisafternn2brther______________________(g)tShanghainextee3It’sFridatdahat_____she____________________(d)thiseeend?She_____________(ath)TVand(ath)insets4ar__________________________(visit)hergrandparentstrrDavid__________________________(give)apuppetshnext nda五、一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。（LastSunda,lasteeend,esterda……）2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴a和is在一般过去时中变为as。（asnt=asn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为ere。（erent=eren’t）动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled,-ed2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stp-stpped4．以“辅音字母+”结尾的，变为i，再加-ed，如：stud-studied．不规则动词过去式：a/is—asare-ereg–entsi-safl-fled-didhave-hadsa-saidsee-satae-te-aeget-gtdr-dreeat-ateread-readsing-sangleave-leftget-gt……写出下列动词的过去式isa_____________fl____________plant____________are____________drin_____________pla___________g______________ae________des_____________dane__________rr___________as___________taste_____________eat____________dra____________put ____________thr____________i___________pass____________d__________过去时综合练习（1）1It______(be)Ben’sbirthdalastFrida2eall______(have)agdtielastnight3He________(up)highnlastSprtsDa4Helen________(il)anFridaShelies______nespapers,butshe______abesterda(read)67i’sther_________(plant)treesustn8_______the________(seep)theflrnSunda?N,the_____9I_______(ath)aartnnnda10e___________(g)tshlnSunda1It_____(be)the2ndfNveberesterdarhite________(g)thisffiebar2GaShan________(put)thebnhisheadaentag3Dn’t______thehuseu_______itesterda(lean)4hat____u______ustn?I_______sehuser(d)The_________(ae)aiteaeeag6Iantt______applesButdad_______allfthelastnth(pi)7_______he______theflersthisrning?es,he_____(ater)8She____(be)aprettgirlL,she_____(d)hinesedanes9Thestudentsften_________(dra)sepituresintheart r10hat______iednthefar?He________s(il)六、形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er；⑵以字母e结尾，加r；⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；⑷以“辅音字母+”结尾，先把变i，再加er。3．不规则形容词比较级：gd-better根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1brtheristears__________(ld)thane2Tisas________(fat)asi3Isursister__________(ung)thanu?es,sheis4his___________(thin),urHelen?Helenishsepenil-bxis__________(big),ursrhers?Hersis6ar’shairisas__________(lng)asLu’s7Ben______(up)________(high)thansefthebsinhislass8________Nansing__________(ell)thanHelen?es,she_____9Fangfangisntas_________(tall)asthethergirls10eesare__________(big)than________(she)11hihis___________(heav),theelephantrthepig?12hgetsup_________(earl),TirT?13_____thegirlsgetup_______(earl)thanthebs?N,the______14iruns_____(sl)ButBenruns _____(sl)1Thehilddesn’t______(rite)as____(fast)asthestudents