英语语法大全之谓语的47种类型5 11页

济南沃尔得国际英语15．S＋TV＋that-CL或S＋TV＋N（=that-CL）（Johnsaidthatshewaslazy．）约有150个及物动词可用由that引起的从句作宾语。下面由that引起的从句都是陈述句（参阅1292节）：a．Fromthishegathered（orinferred）thathisbossdidnotlikehim（orthattheplanwasgood）．Heheard（orunderstood）thatWangwasinlovewithSu（orthatthesituationwasgrowingworse）．Heheardsaythatshewasmarried．Hefound（orsaw，perceived，felt，sensed，noticed）thatsomethingwaswrong（orthatpeoplelikedhimverymuch）．Helearned（orrealized，discovered）thattheearthisround（orthatthisplantcouldbefoundinAfrica）．Ihaveascertained（orfoundout）thathewasmurdered．Hereadsthattheearthhasexistedbillionsofyears．b．Hedoesnotdoubtbutthat（=that）I"llwin．（Butthat只用在否定及疑问句中，这种用法业已陈旧。）Youcannotdenybutthat（=that）she"sagoodplayer．Whocantellbutthatheisaswindler？Neitherofusknowsbutthat（=that）wecanmarry．Heknowsas（=that）（不规范用法）youarehonest．Icantellas（=that）heisaswindler．c．Ithink（orsuppose，assume，presume，believe，expect，imagine，fancy）thatheisaveryhonestfellow．Supposewehavesomecoffee（=Letushavesomecoffee）．Supposewetry（=Letustry）．（that可以省略）1www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Idaresayyouarewrong．Iguess（orfigure，calculate，reckon）（Am．）hewillbeherebyseven．Iwager（orbet）hehasdonehisbest．d．Isuspectedthathewasathief．Youdidn"tdoubtthathewasathief．Butshedoubtedwhetherhewas．（=Ithoughthewasprobablyathief．Youweresurehewas．Butshewasnotsurewhetherhewas．）Hejudged（orconcluded，decided，gathered，considered）thatitwasbesttoresign（orthatnobodycouldbetrusted）．Thelawprescribesthatamanbeloweighteenmustnotgetmarried．Thejudgeruled（oradjudged）thatDavidwasinnocent．e．Hebelieves（ormaintains，holds）thattheplanisimperfect（orthatallmenarebornequal）．Iobjectedthat（=objectedbecause）hewasunjust．Iprotested（=affirmedstrongly）thatIhadsaidnothingagainstanybody．Heclaimedthathewasinnocent（orthathewasadescendantofConfucius）．f．Hedeniedthathehadstolenanything，butdidnotdenythat（orbutthat）hewasonthespot．（=Hesaidthathehadnotstolenanything，…）Wangagreed（withme）thatLeewascareless．Headmitted（oracknowledged，confessed，owned，recognized）thathewasnotqualifiedforthejob．Wemustallowthatheisright，andgrantthathisre-markistrue．g．Heassered（orclaimed，alleged，stated，said，re-marked）thatthesituationwasgettingbetterandbetter．Hedeclared（orannounced）thathewasplanningatrip（orthatMr．Fuhadbeenmurderedonthestreet）．Heproclaimedthatthewarwouldendafteraweek．2www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Hereiteratedthathecoulddonothingforanyone．Hementionedthatshewouldleaveussoon．HecertifiedthatIwasamemberofaphotoclub．h．Herevealed（orleton）thatWanghadfourwives．Heemphasized（orspecified）thatIwastoblame．Hewritesthatallmenarebornequal．Ivotedthatwegoforanexcursion．Heshowed（orsignified）thathehadnothingtosayaboutthematter（orthatsomethinghadhappened）．Hehintedthathewouldliketogotothepartyandintimatedhewouldacceptifhewasinvited．HeinsinuatedthatIhadplayedhimatrick．Hisrefusaldoesnotmeanthatheisunkindtous．HisaccentbetrayedthathecamefromtheNorth．i．Hedemonstrated（orproved）thattheearthisround（orthatjusticewouldwin）．Allfactsestablishedthathewasatraitor．Heestimated（orcalculated，figured）thatitwouldtakethreedaystogettothemoon．Hetheorizesthatthehumanbeingscouldlive200years，if…Isubmittedtherewassomemistakeandjohnwastoblame．Iarguedthateverythingwaswrongwithoursystem．Heexplainedthathewastooilltocome．j．Hecannotguarantee（orwarrant，engage，undertake）thatIshallmakeaprofit．3www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Iwillsee（orcheck）thateverythingisdone．Hepromisedthathewouldhelpyou．Hepretended（orleton，madebelieve）thathewasill（orthatthethefthadnothingtodowithhim）．Heplayedthathewasabridegroom．Heforetold（orforesaw，predicted，prophesied，di-vined）thatyouwouldbeveryrich（orthattheworldwarwouldbreakouttenyearsafter）．Heradioedthathewasseriouslyill．k．Heswore（orvowed）thathewasinnocent（orthathewouldneverdivulgethesecret）．Heforgotthatheowedyouahundreddollars，couldnotrecollectthatheowedyousomuch，butherememberedthatheowedyoutendollars．Hereplied（oranswered）thathecouldnothelpme（orthathehadnomoneytolendme）．Headded（orputin，threwin）thathemustresign．SheretortedthatIwasmoreselfishthanshe．Idon"tcarethatheshouldsayso．Herejoicedthatwehadwonthebattle，butgrieved（orexclaimed）thatmanyhadbeenkilled．Heboastedthathewastherichestmaninthecity．l．Hemurmured（ormumbled，grumbled）thathewassounlucky，andcomplainedtomethatnobodyhadtreatedhimwell．HewhisperedtomethatJohnhadbeentakenbythepo-lice．Hechargedthattheradioofhisneighbourdisturbedhissleep．Hewondered（ormarvelled）thateverythingshouldchangesoquickly．Idon"twonderthathewaskilled．Doyouwonderthathewaskilled？4www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语m．Iappreciatedthatitwaswelldone．Hedreamedthathewasonthebattlefield；littledreamedthatheshouldbecomesomiserable．Picture（orImagine）toyourselfthatyourwifeiswaitingforyouatthedoor．Heexclaimed（orcriedout，interjected）thathehadlosthisgoldwatch．Beware（orMind）thathedoesnotdeceiveyou（orlesthedeceivesyou）．Iwilllookout（orcheck）thathedoesnotcheatme．下面由that引起的从句表示命令、请求、建议等，可以称作命令从句、请求从句等（注意谓语由should构成，参阅1294节）：a．Hecommanded（orordered，enjoined，directed）thatweshouldstartatfour．Thelawprescribesthatnobodyshouldgamble．Hepromisedyoushouldberewarded．Hedemanded（orrequired，requested，asked，wanted）thatIshouldpayhimnextMonday．Iinsistthathestudiesmusic（=Isayitistruethathestudiesmusic）．但：Iinsistthathestudy（orshouldstudy）music．=Iadvisehimtostudyit．b．Ihad（orwould）rather（orsooner）（that）sheleft（orshouldleave）thisdangerousplace．Iwish（orprayed）thatIshouldnotfailagain．Heconsentedthathishouseshouldbesearched．Hisillesswouldnotpermitthatheshouldworkhard．Hecontrivedthathissonshouldgotocollege．Wemustsecurethateveryteachershouldbequalified．5www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语c．Hedecided（orresolved，determined，intended）thatev-erybody（should）bereadyby8A．M．．Heguaranteedthatit（should）bepaid．HearrangedwithMarythattheyshouldmeetagain．Herecommended（orsuggested，proposed）thatIshouldflee．HemovedthatJohn（should）beelected．Hewilledthathispropertyshouldgotohisdaughter．Thecontractprovidedthatthetenantshouldpayeverymonth．d．Hecannotbearthatyoushouldsayno．GodforbidthatIshouldmeetheragain．Hehatedthatthedentistshouldtouchhim．Hedreadedthat（orlest）heshouldfailHeurgedthatsomething（should）bedoneimmediately．Hepreferredthatnothing（should）besaid．下面的that从句表示希望或愿望（谓语多由will或may构成）：Hehopes（that）youwill（ormay）helphim；wishes（that）youwouldhelphim；expectsthatyouwillhelphim；can-notensurethatMarywillcometoday；guaranteesthatthedebtwillbepaid；fearsthatyouwillrefusetohelphim；begs（orrequests，entreats，desires）thatyouwillhelphim；trusts（=hopes）youmayhelphim（orweshallmeetagain）．Godgrantthathemaysucceed．Welongthatwemaybefree．Ibet（orhope）shearrives（=willarrive）beforenoon．在这类句子中，否定词not放在主句中时比放在从句中时多：Idonotsuppose（orbelieve，expect，imagine，think）thatheisright．（这样说比Isupposethatheis，notright．要好）但应说：Ihopehedoesnotfailagain．6www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语当一个及物动词不能跟有that从句时，它后面可放一个fact，circumstance，idea这类名词，把that从句和它连接起来。这时that从句成为fact这类名词的同位语，也可以说它是由及物动词加名词构成的及物动词短语的宾语：a．Heacceptedthefact（owned）thathecouldn"triseagain．Heignoresthecircumstance（=doesn"tcare）thathehasmadethesamemistakeashisrival．Heoverlookedthefact（=failedtonotice）thatnothingintheworldisperfect．Hehadthebelief（oranidea，anotion，theimpression）（=believed）thatthekingisalwaysright．Ihadword（=heard）thattheywouldattackus．b．Wehavenodoubt（=donotdoubt）（that）heknowsit．Ihaveallthefeelingthateverythingiswrong．Hehadadread（orafear）（=feared）thatthepolicewouldarresthimoneday．Ihaveahunch（=thinkitlikely）thatitwillrain．IbroughtthechargethatJohnhadmurderedmywife．c．Hefeltgratitudethattheyhadhelpedhim．Hemakesthepoint（=pointsout）thatsomecountriesareoverdeveloped．Hegavejudgementthattheaccusedwasinnocent．Takecareyoudon"tfall．Hemadeuphismind（=concluded）thatwewereallwrong．Youbetyourboots（=canbesure）thathewillfail．在下面句子中that从句是it的同位语：7www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语a．Imust（orwill）see（orseetoit，looktoit）thateveryoneishappy．Heinsisted（uponit）thatheknewbetterthananyone．Hetookit（=supposed）thatIhadleftforLondon．Hetookitforgranted（=wassure）thatIcouldhelphim．Rumourhasit（=says）thatthekingisill．Heputitthatawomanmustkeepthehouse．Hewillhaveit（=insists）thatyouhaveinsultedhim．Helaysitdown（=statesclearly）thattheschoolshouldbekeptcleanandquiet．b．Youmayrely（ordepend）uponit（=besure）thathecanhelpyouanytime．Heowedittome（=wasgratefultomeforthefact）thathewasstillalive．Look（toit）thateverythingisready．Iwillanswerforit（=promise）thathewillmakenomoremistake．Hestoodtoit（=insisted）thatIwaswrong．Takethewordofscientistsforitthatanatomislikeau-niverse．That从句可以放在it和某些不及物动词后面：Itappearedthatheknewthesecret．（=Heappearedtoknowthesecret．）Itseemedthatheknewthesecret．（=Heseemedtoknowthesecret．）Ithappenedthatheknewthesecret．（=Hehappenedtoknowthesecret．）Itturnedoutthatheknewthesecret．（=Heturnedouttoknowthesecret．）8www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Howdoesitcomethatyouknowthesecret？（=Howdoyoucometoknowthesecret？Howcomeyouknowthesecret？）在that前有些词有时省略：Notthat（=Itisnottruethat）Ihateawoman，butthat（=butitistruethat）Ihavenochancetoconsortwithany．NotthatIloveCaesarless，butthatIloveRomemore．连词that有时可以省略，特别是在1）believe，presume，suppose，think，hope，wish，expect，say，know，hear等动词后；2）在插入语中that必须省略；3）在一个that从句还包含另一that从句时，that也必须省略。下面例句中的∧表示省略的that：1）Idaresay∧hedoesnotknowit．Ibelieve∧youarewrong．2）Theyoungman，shethinks（orIknow，itseems）∧，couldbeherhusband．Theyoungmancouldbeherhusband，shethinks（orIknow，itseems）∧．Thereisayoungmanwho（关系代词在从句中作主语）shethinks（orIknow，itseems）∧，couldbeherhusband．3）Shesaid∧shewished∧Icouldseeher．Ithought∧youknew∧somethinghadhappened．Iunderstand∧heexclaimed∧hehadnotenoughtospend．在以下情况下连词that不可省略：1）需要表明副词或副词短语修饰哪一个词，2）在that从句中插有一个关系从句或状语从句：1）Hesaidthatyesterdayhewenttotown．Hesaidyesterdaythathewenttotown．Hedeniedthatatthepartyhespokeillofthemajor．Hedeniedatthepartythathespokeillofthemajor．9www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语2）Iknowthatyou，whoaremyfriend（主语和主要动词间插入一个关系从句）willagreewithme．（但：Iknow∧youwillagreewithme．）Ithinkthat，ifyoucan（在that和主语之间夹有一个状语从句）youwilldoit．（但：Ithink∧youwilldoit．）当一个及物动词后有几个并列的that从句作宾语时，后面的that必须重复（但有时这条规定会被忽略）：Theyknowthat（可省略）hestudiesmusic，andthat（不可省略）hiswifeisacountrywoman，butthat（不可省略）theyloveeachotherdearly．Itoldfatherthat（可省略）Iwouldworkhard，that（不可省略）Iwouldbeagoodstudent，that（不可省略）heneednotworry，andthat（不可省略）IwouldreturnhomeonNewYear"sDay．但：Hesaidheknewitand（连接两个谓语而不是两个从句）hadtoldittoothers．Ithinkshewillstartatninebutwillnotarriveuntiltwelve．在需重复一个that从句时，可以用so，not，it或asmuch等词代替它：Isheacleverfellow？SoIsee（ornotice，believe，hear）．（=Isee，notice，…thatheisacleverfellow．）SoIsaid（orhoped，supposed）．SoIhaveheard（orhaveseen，havenoticed）．Ibelieve，（orsay，pray，expect，wish，hope，think，imagine，trust，guess，suppose，assume，presume，fancy，understand，said，wastold，toldyou）so．Itseems（orappears）so．Idonotsay（orthink，suppose，expect，believe）so．Ibelieve（ornotice，expect）so（指前面句子总的意思）或it（较具体，指前面的词组。）或that。（较为强调）但：Ideny（ormean，swear）it（不可说so）．10www.jnworld.cn 济南沃尔得国际英语Hehasturnedhooligan，hasn"the？Isuspect（orfear）so．Ifso（=Ifhehasturnedhooligan），thatisapity．Whyso？Howso？Ibelieve（orexpect，suspect，hear）thesame（=so）．DidMarycommitsuicide？Ibelieve（ortrust，say，expect，hope，think，suppose，amafraid，understand）not．（=Ibelieveortrust，…thatMarydidnot）．Itappears（orseems）not．Themurdererhasbeenarrested，hasn"the？Iknow（orhear，amtold，say，guess）asmuchorsomuch（=itorso）．Hehasmadegreatmistakesandconfessed（orowned，ac-knowledged）asmuch（不要说so）．FatherwillmarryMarytoJohnandhassaidasmuch．11www.jnworld.cn