英语语法省略与高考 5页

英语语法省略与高考英语中为了避免重复，往往省去一个词语或更多成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略的情况复杂、多样，综合近年来的高考题，常在以下几个方面对省略进行考查。一、考查状语从句中的省略例1.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(2004高考)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced2._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(2004湖北)A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared3.Theresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit.(2002年全国)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunKey：1.B2.D3.D简析状语从句中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when,while,though,if,unless,although,asif等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。例Lookoutforcarswhen（youare）crossingthestreet.另外，在when/ifitisnecessary,possible结构中，itis通常省略。例Dropinonmeif(itis)possible.二、考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的省略例.1.That’sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter_______he’sdoneforyou.(2004高考)A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that2.Playingtricksonothersis______weshouldneverdo.(2004湖南)A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.(2004湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichKey:1.C2.B3.A简析关系代词在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后可以省略；关系副词that在先行词reason/way后的省略。例Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/省略hewaslate.(that为关系副词，可省略)三、不定式符号to的省略例:1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.(1999上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.(1993上海)A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.takenKey:1.A2.A简析:不定式在感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役动词have,make,let后作宾语补足语时,不定式省略to。例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance. 不定式符号to在介词but,except,besides后的省略。介词but,except,besides后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.不定式符号to作表语时的省略。当主语部分有行为动词do,作表语的不定式to可省略。例WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.四、考查不定式后动词的省略例:1.---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.---______.(1999上海高考)A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,Iwouldn’tD.That’sallright2.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?---Yes,heintends________.(1998上海高考)A./B.toC.soD.that3.---I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycar?---Notatall.________.(1995NMET)A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappytoKey:1.B2.B3.D简析动词love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留to不定式符号。例---Howaboutgoingforawalk?---I’dliketo(goforawalk).句式wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式为wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,needn’thave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。例---Areyouasailor?---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).五、对替代词so及not的考查1.---Youhaven’tlosttheticket,haveyou?---______.Iknowit’snoteasytogetanotheroneatthemoment.(2004江苏高考)A.IhopenotB.Yes,IhaveC.IhopesoD.Yes,I’mafraidso2.---Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?---________.(2003北京春)A.IguessnotsoB.Idon’tguessC.Idon’tguesssoD.Iguessnot3.---Ibelievewe’vemetsomewherebefore.---No,________.(2000北京春)A.itisn’tthesameB.itcan’tbetrueC.Idon’tthinksoD.I’drathernotKey:1.A2.D3.C简析替代词so/not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think等及I’mafraid连用。 肯定时上列动词都可与so搭配，否定时hope与guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式，而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种否定形式，即：Ithinknot或Idon’tthinkso.例---Ishegoingtostudyabroad?---Ibelieveso.(so=heisgoingtostudyabroad)六、考查虚拟语气中if及should的省略1._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(1994上海)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will2.Whatwouldhavehappened_______asfarastheriverbank?(2001上海高考)A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther3.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe_____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe___amedicalexamination.(1994上海高考)A.be,shouldhaveB.was,haveC.shouldbe,hadD.was,has4.____besenttoworkthere?(2002上海高考)A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.DoyousuggestKey:1.B2.C3.B4.A简析在书面语中,当条件从句有were,had,should时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句式。在含有建议、要求、命令等相关的名词性从句用should+V，should可以省略。例Hesuggestedthatshe(should)goatonce.注suggest表示“暗示”时用陈述语气七、会话中的省略例:1.---Guesswhat!Icameacrossanoldfriendatthepartylastnight.---______.I’msureyouhadawonderfultime.(2004辽宁)A.Soundsgood!B.VerywellC.Hownice!D.Allright!2.---Let’sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.---_____Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?(2004重庆)A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I’dliketoD.Whynot?3.---BradwasJane’sbrother!---_____heremindedmesomuchofJane!(2004浙江)A.NodoubtB.AboveallC.NowonderD.Ofcourse4.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better____it——you’vegotsomebigbillscoming.(2004广东高考)A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforgetKey:1.C2.A3.C4.A简析省略在会话中广泛应用，解题时应按照问话或答语的具体内容补充完整,做好该类题型一是要注意上下文语境，二是要注意常见句式的省略。英语中常见句式的省略有：1.Itis…(that…)强调句式中that部分省略。2.(Itis)Nowonder…(难怪…)3.(Isthere)Anythingelse?4.(You’d)Betterdo 5.havesomedifficulty(in)doing,preventsb(from)doingsth等词组中介词在口语中常省略例:1.---Wheredidyouseehimlastnight?---Itwasinthehotel____hestayed.A.whereB.thatC.whichD./2.Youcan’timaginethegreatdifficultyIhad_____yourhouse.A.findingB.foundC.tofindD.findkey1.A2.A简析第1题可以补全强调句式that部分：ItwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatIsawhimlastnight.hotel后为定语从句。第2题是对havedifficultyindoingsth词组置于定语从句的考查，介词in的省略加大了该题的难度。高考链接1.---Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?---______.Ilovegettingclosetonature.(2004福建)A.Icouldn’tagreemoreB.I’mafraidnotC.IbelievenotD.Idon’tthinkso2.---Susan,willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?---_______?(2004全国I卷)A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome3.Itiseasytodotherepair.________youneedisahammerandsomenails.(2004天津高考)A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything4.Unless______tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(2003年上海春季高考)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited5.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif____whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.（2003年北京春季）A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee6.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(2002年上海高考)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin7.When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(2002年上海春季高考)A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted8.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.(1998上海高考)A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis9.If________thesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.(1998年上海高考)A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven10.---Alice,whydidn"tyoucomeyesterday?---I________,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(1997NMET）A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didKey:1-5.AABAA6-10.CAACC综上所述，高考对省略的考查主要对状语从句中的省略、不定式的省略、否定问句的省略回答、虚拟条件句中if的省略及比较级的省略的考查。只有掌握了常见的省略现象及其考查形式，才能以不变应万变，在高考中立于不败之地。