英语语法课件 时态与语态 56页

语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+Vp.p一般过去时vedwas/were+Vp.p一般将来时will+v.willbe+Vp.p过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+Vp.p过去完成时had+Vp.phadbeen+Vp.p现在完成时have/has+Vp.phave/hasbeen+Vp.p将来完成时willhave+Vp.pwillhavebeen+Vp.p现在进行时am/is/are+Vingam/is/are+being+Vp.p过去进行时was/were+Vingwas/were+being+Vp.p 时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。3、几种时态的替代问题. 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday现在进行now,现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,always,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作 1一般现在时的用法1）经常性或习惯性的动作1.I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play2.---_____myglasses?----Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.wouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen3.Wewillseetoitthateverychildinthenation____goodeducation,especiallythoseinthepoorcountryside.A.getB.willgetC.getsD.wouldget 1一般现在时的用法2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.③Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.served④----Thegirl____weightrecently.----Yes,she_____toomuch.hasgained,iseatingB.gains,eatsC.isgaining,ateD.isgaining,eats 1一般现在时的用法3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。①Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.②----Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.----OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.A.havebrokenB.arebreakingC.getbrokenD.willbebroken ③I’vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe_____timeforagametomorrow.A.shallhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.aregoingtohave④----CanIdriveonthefreeway,MrGreen?-----Youcanwhenyou_____abitmoreskilled.A.willgetB.aregettingC.willhavegotD.get 2一般过去时的用法1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.----Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet.（地毯）----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown3.----WasMaryintheofficewhenyouarrivedthere?------Yes,butshe_____soonafterwards.A.hadleftB.leftC.wouldleaveD.willleave 2一般过去时的用法2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）②Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完） 1.----HasTommyfinishedhisjobyet?----Ihavenoideaofit;he____itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did2.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell3.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown4.---I’msorry,Ishouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.-----You_____yourtemperbutthat’sOK.A.havelostB.hadlostC.didloseD.werelosing. 3.一般将来时1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。2.表示将来时的四种形式①will/shall+动词原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo(正要干什么)④betodo ①begoingto有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.A.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did②begoingto可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示Lookattheclouds!It’sgoingtorain. 3.beto和begoingto①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。②betodo安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I"mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon. 4．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，when此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词构成句型：…beabouttodo…when….Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained. 特别注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。Theplaneleavestomorrow.(尽管有tomorrow,但没有will,begoingto)（2）某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFloria.I______mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavebeen 4.现在进行时1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange③----Annworksveryhard.----Infact.Ithinkshe______justnow.A.studiedB.isstudyingC.studiesD.willstud ④Pleasecallagain.Jim_____abathjustnow.A.hashadB.washavingC.ishavingD.has⑤Mymoney_____.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutofbeforeI’venoneinhand.A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingrunout⑥Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You_____yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadwornB.woreC.arewearingD.werewearing 特殊用性：现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go,come,leave,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive，take等。We’removingtothenewbuildingnextweek.现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings. 1.You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyouroom!A.alwaysthrowB.havealwaysthrownC.arealwaysthrowingD.havealwaysbeenthrown2.You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A.alwayswatchB.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatchedD.havealwaysbeenwatching 3．有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情”等状态存在：keep,stay,remain,be,consistof,contain所有：have,belongto,possess,own,hold知觉：sound(听起来)，look/seem/appear(看起来)，(看起来),smell（闻起来）,taste（尝起来）,feel(摸起来)，see,hear,认识：understand,know,suppose,remember,admit,forget,believe,think情感：like,love,hate,prefer, 5.过去进行时1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Idon’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticingD.Iwasn’tnoticing2.-----Hey,whatdidIsay?-----I_________.A.I’mnotlisteningB.IwasnotlisteningC.Idon’tlistenedD.Ididn’tlisten 2．表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。③-----Whydidn’tyoujoinuslastnight?-----I_____theliveprogramsonthewarbetweenIraqandtheStates.A.watchedB.waswatchingC.hadwatchedD.havebeenwatching④----Whyweren’tyouatthemeeting?----I____foralong–distancecallfrommyfatherinAustralia.A.waitedB.waswaitingC.hadwaitedD.havebeen⑤Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We____anxiousaboutyou.We____youbackmuchearlierallthroughthenight.A.are,expectB.were,hadexpectedC.willbe,areexpectingD.havebeen,wereexpecting⑥----Youlooktired.----Yes.Inonstop____untiltwelveo’clock.A.amworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked 3．在简单句中有atthattime,then,thistimeyesterday/lastweek,at10o’clocklastnight等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked特别注意：与always连用，表示感情色彩。Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey. 1.—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmaking    B.don’tmakeC.won’tmake        D.didn’tmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischanging        B.haschangedC.willhavechanged        D.willchange3.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswim      B.haveswum   C.swam           D.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____bynow.A.hasn’tturnedup    B.doesn’tturnupC.won’tturnup        D.hadn’tturnedup 5.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____thewrongbus.A.catch         B.hadcaught      C.caught             D.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalk        B.hadbeenwalkingC.walked          D.waswalking8.Ireallydon’tthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_____.A.is                  B.does          C.willbe              D.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_________.A.wereplaying          B.weretoplayC.hadplayed            D.played 10.—Kateisinhospital.—Oh,really?I_______.________visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoand      B.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I’mgoingto        D.didn’tknow;I’mgoingto11.—Where_______theguidebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.—I_______itrighthere,butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveput            B.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;put                  D.wereyouputting;put14.—Doyouliveinthiscity?—No,we______itforholidays.A.justvisit    B.justvisited  C.arejustvisiting  D.havevisited15.—Howistheoldmannow?—Sorry,he______thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdead        B.haddied      C.hasbeendead      D.died 16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______.A.willbetaken    B.aretaken     C.weretaken  D.hadbeentaken17.I’mafraiditwillbetwomonths______.A.whenIcomeback  B.whenI’llcomebackC.beforeIcomeback  D.beforeI’llcomeback18.Theworkers_____busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe______intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleft  B.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleft  D.hadworked;left19.Thenotice______“Nosmoking”.A.istold    B.reads          C.tells      D.isread 6.现在完成时1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.(Theycleanedtheclassroomandtheclassroomiscleannow.)2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。Hehasn’tgivenmeanymoretroublesincethen. ②----WhendidhegotoAmerica?-----Oh,he______theresincehalfayearago.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was③Shelly_____CaliforniaforTexasand____thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked④Collectingstampsasahobby____increasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.]A.becomesB.becameC.hasbecomeD.hadbecome⑤----Howareyoutoday?---Oh,I____asillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didn’tfeelB.wasn’tfeelingC.don’tfeelD.haven’tfelt⑥Rober____mehisaddresstheotherday,butI’mafraidI___it.A.hadgiven,lostB.hasgiven,havelostC.gave,havelostD.gives,lost 7.过去完成时1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。请记住：bytheendof+过去时间bethetime+从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）①ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgotthere.②TheyhadleftbeforeIreturned.③Wehadfinishedtheworkbylastmonth(bythetimehecame.) 2表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.3用于hardly…when;nosooner…than…（一….就…）等句子中。Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.4hope,thinkexpect,intend,mean,suppose,want,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。Ihadhopedtobeabletotakemyseatinallthisnoisewithoutbeingfound.我本希望能乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现） 5Itisthefirsttime+从句（从句用现在完成时）；Itwasthefirsttime+从句（用过去完成时）。ItisthefirsttimethatI’vebeenhere.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverspokentomeinsuchatune.6用于对过去假设的虚拟语气中的从句。IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou. 1.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I_____myson_____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome 8.现在完成进行时构成：have/hasbeendoing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。----Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?---Yes,that’whyI_____toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone 9.将来完成时：will/shall+havedone表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，如：bytheendof+将来时间的短语,bythetime+从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbythetimehecomesback..10.一般将来进行时；willbedong/shallbedoing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow? 1.Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.A.havefoundB.willbefoundC.willhavefoundD.arefinding2.Theconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted 1.Hesteppedintotheoffice,_____downandbegantofillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit2.Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe_____fromhersofar.A.haven’theardB.didn’thearC.hadn’theardD.won’thear3.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm____fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.was4.I’llgowithyouassoonasI____myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished5.Ifit_____tomorrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_____up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grew 7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？A.Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.8.—Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.—Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.had’tthought;weregoing9.WhenIwasatcollegeI_____threeforeignlanguages,butI_____allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_____andalotofthings____.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen 11.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining12.Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes13.Thestudents_____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_____intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft14.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Noyet,therooms_____,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting15.—Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.—Whatdoyousuppose____toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened 16.—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI_____here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming17.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.—Yes,Ataxi_____atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe18.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people_____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto19.Tom_____intothehousewhennoone_____.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked20.ThelasttimeI_____Janeshe____cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking 几种时态的替代问题A：一般现在时代替将来时：除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：Themuseumopensattentomorrow.博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)B：一般现在时代替完成时：句型“Itis…since…”代替“Ithasbeen…since…”Itis(=hasbeen)fiveyearssincewelastmetC：一般现在时代替进行时：在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如：Look,herecomesMr.Li. 祈使句中的动词问题高考题点击：1._____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.(98N)A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave2._____someofthisjuice---perhapsyou’lllikeit.(2000北京春季)A.TryingB.TryC.TotryD.Havetried3._____atthedoorbeforeentering,please.(01北京春季)A.knockedB.ToknockC.KnockingD.Knock4._____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.(2001上海)A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.TogiveDBDB 1、现在时态高考题点击：Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which___thePacific,andwemetnostorms.（05辽宁卷）A．wascalled B．iscalledC．hadbeencalled D．hasbeencalled2.I_____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.(2001N)A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.playBD说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。 3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn"tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.（05湖南卷）A.phone B.willphone C.werephoningD.arephoning4.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_____sorapidly.(2001N)A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的arephoning表示“不停的打电话”。说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。DA 5._____mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalwaysbusy.（05北京春季）A.I’dphonedB.I’vebeenphoningC.I’vephonedD.Iwasphoning6.---Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?---_____.HowIwishtogothere!(98N)A.Yes,IhaveB.Yes,Ihaven’tC.No,IhaveD.No,Ihaven’t说明：此题的干扰源是后面的wasbusy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。说明：从补充的句子“HowIwishtogothere!”可知“我”没到过北京。CD 7.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I_____thelivingroomallday.(98N)A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted8.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy______goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.（04北京）AhadconsideredBhasbeenconsideringCconsideredDisgoingtoconsider说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。CB说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。 用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.注意比较It’stimethat…结构：Itishightimethatwewenttoschool.2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I’veheardhimsing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。 典型例题(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven"treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.BD 2、过去时高考题点击：1.---Nancyisnotcomingtonight.---Butshe_____!(98N)A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.Myuncle_____untilhewasforty-five.(2000上海)A.marriedB.didn’tmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry说明：Nancy答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。说明：until用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到until后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中marry是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。BB 3.---Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?(N2002)---I’msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsayingB.don’tsayC.won’tsayD.didn’tsay说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。D 4.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny____asleep.(95N)A.read…wasfallingB.wasreading…fellC.wasreading…wasfallingD.read…fell5.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe______,withoutundressing.（05安徽卷）A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay;lain”。lay是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为laid；lied是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。BB 6.Thelittlegirl____herheartoutbecauseshe____hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.(02北京)A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost7.—Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.—Oh!Ithoughtthey______withoutme.(05江西卷)A．went B．aregoing C．havegone D．hadgone说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。BD 3、将来时高考题点击：1.Ifaman_____succeed,hemustworkashardashecan.(95上海)A.willB.istoC.isgoingtoD.should2.---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave._____andturnitoff.(2000N)A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而beto结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA 3.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_______forLondontoattendameeting.(05天津卷)A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left4.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.(93N)A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft说明：that引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“weresurprised”之后，故需用过去将来时。CB说明：bythetime表示“到……为止”“在……之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。 4、状语从句中的时态问题高考题点击：1.---CanIjointheclub,Dad?---Youcanwhenyou_____abitolder.(94N)A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot2.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_____.(2001上海)A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但beto结构不属于将来时态形式。AB 3.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_____fromtheuniversitynextyear.(2002上海)A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate4.It____longbeforewe____theresultoftheexperiment.(2002上海春季)A.willnotbe,willknowB.is,willknowC.willnotbe,knowD.is,know说明：bythetime引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但beto结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。说明：before引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。CC