英语语法课件 短文改错专练 34页

高考英语短文改错题解题指导05/27/2005 一、高考英语短文改错题的命题特点与考查内容1、命题特点每年高考英语短文改错题的文章篇幅相对固定，一般为100-120字左右，分成10行排列，每行设一小题（有时多出一两行，但不设题），每题1分，共10分。短文通常以说明文、叙述文或应用文为主。文体简单，语言通俗。内容完整，意义正确。该题的设疑方式通常有四种类型：多一词、缺一词、错一词、无错误。四种类型中，多一词、缺一词约占全题的30%，错一词约占60%，无错误约占10%。 短文改错是:高考英语中一个分值较多、难度较大的题型。该题涉及的知识层次多，覆盖面广，主要考查学生从语篇的角度识别错误并改正错误的能力。既考查考生运用所学语言知识进行阅读短文的能力，又考查考生利用所学知识发现、判断和改正错误的能力。因此也可以说该题是直接针对学生学习英语的薄弱环节设计的。 类型年份多一词缺一词错一词无错误19981261199921612000216120012161200222512003216120041171 考点分布情况：词类，如名词、动词、连词、代词、介词、形容词以及其他词类的用法。词尾曲折变化，如动词的各种时态、语态变化，各种非谓语动词形式等。固定搭配，包括动词短语、形容词短语等。基本句型，包括简单句和复合句。英语中的“一致性”现象，包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词的人称、格、性、数的一致等。汉英表达方式上的一些典型差异。句子之间、语篇的逻辑意义等。 二、短文改错题的解题技巧要做好短文改错，除了需具备扎实的语言基础知识，还要掌握一定的解题技巧。通常考生做题应按以下基本思路进行：1、快速阅读短文，抓住中心思想，把握短文大意，了解语篇结构及行文逻辑。2、运用语言的基础知识，从句子结构、词的变化、词类的选择、词的搭配、习惯表达出发，进行分析判断，以便尽快找出错误。3、逐句推敲，综合判断。不能把目光局限于一行，而应看完一个完整的句子，并结合上下文判断该行的错误所在。4、改正完毕后要认真检查。可把改正后的答案代入文中再通读全文，如发现语句不畅,则要重新考虑。 做题时应注意以下几个基本要点：1。10行中一般只有一行是没有错误的。2。注意标记的准确性。如果某行缺一个词，应在文中缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），再在该行右边横线上写出要加上的词；如果某行错一个词，应在文中错词下划一横线，再在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词；同理，如果某行多一个词，应在文中把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，再在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线（）划掉。 3.一般来说，没有标点、大小写及其拼写错误的纠错题。4.改错规则规定，原文中的错误只能是一行一个词，改正后的答案也只能是一个词。如果你觉得要改两个词才对，这说明你的判断是错误的，应赶紧找出其它的错误之处。如：trytodo不可能改todo两个词为doing.5.有些词有多种用法，且意义相同或类似。不必把某一种表达形式改成另一种表达形式，因为几种用法可能都是对的。例如：continuetodo/doinginfuture/inthefuture 6.注意分行的技巧。上一行的末尾和下一行的开始，往往是考生容易忽视的地方，不易找到错误所在，从而影响了改错的成绩。考生要密切关注行尾和行首的连接处，注意它们之间的语法关系或逻辑关系。Anotherproblemisthatgoodsoilisgraduallost.Whentreesiscutdown,thereisnothingtoholdthesoilintheplaceonthehillside.Sowhenitrained,thesoiliswasheddownthehillsandinto4_______therivers.Strongwindscanalsoblowoutthevaluablesoilliesonthetopofthefields.rains 1)考查名词的单复数变化①…sothatI’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.(01NMET。把subject改为复数)②OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicture.(02NMET。把picture改为复数)③…andoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV…(98NMET。把match改为复数) *考查英汉表达差异，如冠词的基本用法等由于汉语中没有与英语冠词相对应的词语,学生往往忽略冠词或任意添加冠词。①Eachplayermustobey∧captain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.(98NMET。此处加上the，特指球队的队长)②Thereis∧publiclibraryineverytowninBritain.(此处加上a，表示每个城镇都有一家图书馆)③Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.(01NMET。把a改为the，构成词组underthesameroof表示同一个)③Thedaybeforethespeechcontest,∧Englishteachertalkedtome.(NMET2000)加上my 2)考查形容词的各种用法①…takepleasureinahobbywhichisbothinterestedandfun.(04浙江高考。把interested改为interesting，表示hobby的特点)②PolicecarshurriedtothetallerbuildinginNewYork.（把taller改为tallest，此句考查形容词的最高级形式） 3)考查词性的变化①Unfortunate,therearetoomanypeople…(99NMET。本句需用副词作状语，把Unfortunate改为Unfortunately)②Also,thesportteacherteachesustheimportantofobedience.(98NMET。此句很明显需要用名词，应把important改为importance) 4)考查英语的一致性现象。如主谓一致、代词一致和时态一致等。①Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostnothingtoborrowthem.（此句考查时态一致，cost应改为costs）②Startingyourcollectionofstampsareeasybecausetheyareeverywhere.(04浙江高考。这里考查主谓一致，把are改为is)③Morepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.(04浙江高考。此处考查代词与主语的一致，应把your改为their) 代词前后一致1.Wefoundsomewoodandcarriedthembacktothecave.2.Thispairofshoesisabittight.Showmeanotherone.3.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinofhers.4.Atthebeginningofthebasketballmatch,theteamwerenotsureofhimself.5.Yourclothesaredirty.Youshouldchangeitnow.____it___pair___theirs______themselves__them IV.主谓一致1.Earlytobedandearlytoriseareagoodhabit.2.Thereareachairandsomedesksintheroom.3.Theoldlikestolookbackupontheolddays.4.Collectingstampsneedalotofmoney.5.Thosewhowantstocomeraiseyourhandsplease.___is___is____like____needs____want 5)考查英语惯用法动词短语、习语、形容词短语、介词短语等是高考英语短文改错题的重要内容之一。①Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeattherailwaystation.（96NMET。表示某人具有的秉性，应用句型It’sverykindofsomebodytodosomething.，把for改为of）②Weplayfortheteaminstead∧ourselves.(98NMET。加of构成固定词组)③Theydon’twantmetodoanyworkatfamily.(01NMET。把family改为home构成固定词组) 6)考查语篇的逻辑关系是因果，递进或转折关系等。①First,letmetellyousomethingmoreaboutmyself.（97NMET。根据逻辑意义，说话者是第一次介绍自己，不用加more）②So,onceyou’vestartedcollectingseriously,you’llprobablywanttojointhestampcollectors’club.(04浙江高考。根据上下文，这里语气有了转折，因把So改为But) **7)动词的各种变化形式谓语动词的时态、语态变化及非谓语动词形式是历年高考英语短文改错题的考查重点①Playfootballnotonlymakesmegrowup.（98NMET。考查非谓语形式，此句用v-ing作主语，play应改为playing）②Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday’sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(99NMET。此句同样考查非谓语形式，用v-ing形式作主语)③Myparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycan∧makesure….(01NMET。考查非谓语形式的不定式结构，在make前加to) 练习：1.Irememberedthewholethingasifitwashappenedjustyesterday.2.Thepartythestudentshadbeenlookingforwardtobeingheldyesterdayeveningatlast.3.Thethiefhascaughtclimbingoverthegardenwall.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownsince1978._____＼was___was＼ 5.Inthepasttwoyearshemadegreatprogressinmaths.6.I’msorrytosaythatIfailinEnglishexamthistime.7.AmanwhonamedJamesmadeitin1892.8.Hefoundthatabagofcornhadstolenfromhishouse.∧has___failed∧was∧been 8)考查常见简单的从句如宾语从句，状语文从句，定语从句,表语从句等。①IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.（02NMET。此句应将at划去，themoment在这里引导了一个时间状语从句）②Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.（95NMET。把about改为that，用以引导一个宾语从句） ③IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.（97NMET。这里需要一个关系代词，而不是关系副词，故而应将where改为which,定语从句）Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.（根据句义，这里是一个时间状语从句，应将since改为when）其他如句型：so…that(会错用：very…that)Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereis/seemsnoneedtodo…Itisnowonder(that)… 9)考查英语中的并列现象在表达并列现象时,一般要用相同的语法结构。并列结构常用and或or连接。①Ifedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtold确stories.(02NMET。此句同样考查并列谓语，把visiting改为visited)②Ifthebookyouwantisout,youmayaskforittobecalledforyou,andwhetheryoupaythecostofsendingapostcard,thelibrarianwillwritetoyou.（本句考查两个并列分句，而且两个并列成分都是条件从句，应该用if而不是whether）③Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfood,andtoliveincleanersurroundings（考查并列谓语，应把live前的to去掉） 对2005年高考英语短文改错题的展望和预测上文已经提到，2004年浙江省高考英语改错题较之全国卷已体现了稳中有新的原则，很好地适应了本地区的教育实情，做到了平稳过渡。2005年浙江省将会继续实行自主命题，预计这种命题指导思想将不会有大的改变，编制的题目也将会继续保持稳中有变、稳中求新的特点。广大考生应立足平时、夯实基础；加大阅读，不断提高自己的语篇理解能力；同时适当做一些相关练习，从而帮助自己提高对错误的判断、识别和纠正的能力。 NMET98Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberof1.________ourschoolfootballteam.Wepractiseforthreetimes2.________everyweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV3.________together.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowup4.________tallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplay5.________andteamspirit.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplay6.________fortheteaminsteadourselves.Also,thesport7.________teachesustheimportantofobedience(服从).Each8.________playermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderof9.________theteam.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoo10.________oftenifwewanttowinthegame.___amfor_____matches____Playing___gives√∧of________importance∧the____we (NMET99)TheProblemwithTelevisionNowIcan’twatchmuchtelevisionbutafewyearsago1.________Iwasusedtowatchiteverynight.Iwasoften2.________alittletiredafteraday’sworkandwatchTV3._________demandsverylittleeffort.Unfortunate,thereare4.__________toomanypeopleamongmyfamily.Somewanted5._________toseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferred6.__________another.Iamhappywithanyprogrammebut7._________theothersspentalottimearguingandthere8._________wasnowayofsettlingthematterexceptby9._________sellingtheset.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.10._________muchwas_____watching__________Unfortunately______in___one__was∧of√______everyone NMET2000Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比赛)Englishteacher1._________talkedtome.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateall2._________wishedmesuccess,butitdidn’tmatterthatIwould3._________winornot.WhenIwasonthestagethenextday,Ifeltso4._________nervousasIshooklikealeaf.Thereweresomanypeople5.________present!Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherin6.______thecrowd.Shewassmilingbutnoddingtome.Iremembered7._______herwordsandcalmdown.Ididagoodjobandwonthefirst8._______prize.Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.9.______WheneverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher.10.______∧my________schoolmates____whether√__that＼a＼___and____calmed__are＼often＼ 即时检测（一）下面各句中有一处错误，请选出。1.Takingcareoftheirgrandsonbringthemgreatjoy.ABCD2.Helpyourselftoeatsomebananas,Bob.ABCD3.I’vereadmostofthebook.Therestofthemareboring.ABCD4.Don’tworryaboutme.Mikeandhisfamilyissokindtome.ABCDCCAC 5.SoonacoolwindstartedtoblowandblackcloudswereABCcoveredthesun.D6.WhenItriedtositup,IfeltapainonmybackandcouldABChardlymove.D7.Putthelittleplantsintheshadesothatthesunwon’tburnit.ABCDCBD 8.Thewomanwhohadcaughtstealingstoleawatch.ABCD9.Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbeputintheprison.ABCD10.Thispairofsunglassesarebeautiful.Ilikeitverymuch.ABCDBDC 即时检测（二）AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear,Ibegan1.________tolookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater,Istill2._________hadn’tfoundthejobthatIwasinterested.LastSunday3._________morningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghim4._________Mr.Smith.Hesaidtomeonthephone,“Ihearyoudo5._________verywellinyourstudies.Imayhaveajobforyou.”6._________Ienteredhisofficewithabeatenheart.HowIhoped7.__________thatIwillgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhe8.__________wouldtakemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised,9.__________whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10._________∧in___would___himself＼the＼____months__did√_____beating_______surprise∧was 即时检测（三）Baseball(棒球)isoneofAmerica’sfavoritesport.1.__________Manybigcitieswherehaveprofessional(职业的)baseball2.__________teams.ThebaseballseasonarefromApriltoOctober.3.__________Duringthebaseballseason,millionspeoplegoto4.__________stadiumstowatchbaseball.Peoplealsowatched5.__________baseballinTVandlistentogamesontheradio.6.__________Peopleofallageslikeplaybaseball.Many7.__________childpayLittleLeaguebaseballinthespringand8.__________summer.Manyadultsenjoybaseballeither.9.__________Theyplayafterworkandonweekends.10.__________∧of______watch____sports＼where＼__is__on___playing____children_____too√ 即时检测（四）InWednesdaymorning,Tomwaswalkingalong1.__________thestreets.Suddenlyheheardtwoshots.Itcame2.__________fromthebank.Herantothebankbutsaw3._________amancomingoutof.Themanwasshortand4.__________fatwithredhair.Hehadabagofmoneyor5.__________aguninhishands.Themanranawayandwas6._________disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonTom7.__________wentafilm.Hesawthethiefagainandphonedthe8.__________police.Theycaughtthethief.Howanexcitingday9.__________forTom!Thebankgavehim﹩100forareward.10.__________They＼was＼∧to__On___and＼of＼__and√____What___as