英语音标知识点总结 7页

长元音英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）/ɑ:/啊（长音）/.:/奥（长音）/.:/额（长音）/i:/一（长音）/U:/屋（长音）短元音/./阿/./奥/./额/./一/U:/屋/e/挨/./挨/e.//a.//../双元音和拼音的“ei一”样/../一而挨/e./挨而外/U./勿而/.U//aU/欧袄辅音（28个）轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/颇特克佛四（咬舌四浊辅音/b//d//g//v/音）/e//z/伯得个勿字（咬舌自音）轻辅音/./是/h/和/ts/差（ci）/t./迟/tr/缺浊辅音/.//r//dz//d.//dr/日鼻音/m/呣半元音/j/也如/n/呢/w/我资之/./边音/./了 英语音标及字母组合对比一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake1-01在闭音节中[.]bagdadhatmapblackback1-02在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese1-03e在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg1-04在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite1-05i在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim1-06在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno1-07在闭音节中[]clocknotboxshopsock1-08在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday1-09u在闭音节中[]buscupjumpmuchlunch1-10在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper1-11二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词编号[]aChinaanotherwomanbreakfast2-01[i]orangecomradevillagecabbage2-02ao []hundredstudentopenweekend2-03e[i]chickenpocketbeginchildren2-04[]/[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal2-05i[ai]exercisesatellite2-06[]secondtonightsomebodywelcome2-07o[u]alsozerophoto2-08[]autumndiffcult2-09u[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary2-101动词中的a假如处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate2u处在开音节位置，2-11又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u〔:〕]音，例如：JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue2-12在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音；三、元音字母在重读音节中的特别读音元音字母读音例词编号a在[w]音后面[]wantwhatwatchwashquality3-01a在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather3-02i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh3-03o在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcold3-04o在mnvth前[]comemonkeylovemother3-05四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号arar在[w]音后面oror在[w]音后面[α:]carfarmdarksharpener4-01[:]warmquartertowards4-02[:]fortymorningshort4-03[:]wordworkerworse4-04erirur[:]certainlybirdThursday4-05辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规章发音；例如：carrysorryhurry4-06-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday4-07五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号are[ε]caredarehare5-01ere[i]heremere5-02ire[ai]firehirewire5-03ore[:]morescorebefore5-04ure[ju]purecure5-05 areereireore很少显现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picturepleasure5-06重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规章拼读，字母Rr读[r]音；例如：parentzerostoryduringinspiring5-07某些常用词及多音节词经常显现长音短化现象；例如：orangeveryAmericanparagraph5-08六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词编号ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplay6-01air[ε]airhairchairpairrepair6-02al[]smallballtalkwallall6-03[:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost6-04al在fm前[α:]halfcalm6-05au/aw[:]autumndaughterdraw6-06[i:]teacheasycheapplease6-07ea[e]heavybreadsweaterweather6-08[ei]breakgreat6-09[i]heardearnearclearyear6-10ear[ε]bearpearwearswear6-11[:]earthlearnearly6-12ee[i:]jeepweekgreenthree6-13eer[i]pioneerdeerbeer6-14ei/ey[ei][i:]eightneighbourtheyeitherkey6-156-16eu/ew在[ju:]newfewnewspaper6-17jlrs后[u:]flewbrewjewelry6-18ie/ei[s]音之后[i:]piecefieldreceive6-19oa[ou]coatJoanboatgoal6-20oar/oor[:]roarboarddoorfloor6-21oi/oy[i]noisepointboytoilet6-22oo[u:][u]broomfoodtoothschoolbooklookcookfootgood6-236-24[au]flowerhousecountdown6-25ou/ow[ou]knowrowthrowthough6-26[]youngcountryenough6-27[u:]groupyousoup6-28our[:][au]courseyourfourourhourours6-296-30 [:]journey6-31[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition6-32[u:]juicefruitsuit6-33ui在jlrs后七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词编号ai/ayei/ey[i]Sundayforeignmonkey7-01ow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow7-02元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]；例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee7-03-sion-tion[n]impressionnation7-04-sion在元音字母后[n]visiondecisionoccasion7-05-tion在s后[n]questionsuggestion7-06-sten[sn]listen7-07-stle[sl]whistle7-08-sure[]pleasuremeasure7-09-ture[]pictureculture7-10八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的其次部分不标留意音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规章拼读；例如：everyday[ei]handbag[.]blackboard[:]8-01有些词随着语言的进展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词；其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规章发音；例如：sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday[i]星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday[i]假日break中断+fast[α:]斋戒＞breakfast[]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[:]＞cupboard[]碗柜8-02九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词编号bcc在e前或在i/y前ch[b]bikebusbag9-01[/]bombtomb9-02[k]cakepicturecoatmusic9-03[s]facedecidecinema9-04[]muchchickrichteacher9-05[k]schoolheadachechemistry9-06[]machineChicago9-07 -ck[k]cockpocketblackknock9-08d[d]doctorbreadhandday9-09-dge[]bridgefridge9-10dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink9-11f[f]fivefourbreakfast9-12g[]baggardongo9-13g在ei/y前[]orangelargeGerman9-14ghgu--guegu在非重读音节中[f]coughenough9-15[]guessleaguedialogue9-17[w]languageanguish9-18[h]hotheadhousehand9-19[/]lightdaughterhigh9-16h[/]hourhonest9-20j[]jeepjarjokejoinJuly9-21k[k]kindbikeskatemakeweek9-22kn-[n]knifeknowknock9-23l[l]lifemilkschooltall9-24m[m]monkeycomeautumn9-25-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemn9-26n[n]notshinetennote9-27n在[k][g]音前[]unclethankhungry9-28-ng[]morningyoungwrong9-29p[p]paperplanepigshippen9-30ph[f]elephantphototelephone9-31q[k]Iraq9-32qu-[kw]qualityquite9-33r[r]redrubberruler9-34s在词首或清辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk9-35元音字母间或浊辅音前[z]musichusband9-36sc-[sk][s]scarletmusclescience9-379-38sh[]shefishshirtwash9-39t在通常情形下[t]tenlettermeet9-40在弱读字母iaieio前[]patientnation9-41tch[]watch9-42th在通常情形下[θ]thinthirtymethod9-43在冠词代词介词连词中[]thethesewiththan9-44 在词尾-the-ther中[]clothefatherweather9-45tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck9-46v[v]veryvoiceloveleave9-47w[w][/]weekwinwakesweetwaitanswertwo9-489-49wh-[w]whatwhenwhitewhy9-50wh-在字母o前[h]whowhosewhole9-51x[ks]boxtextexercise9-52在重读元音前[gz]examleexistexact9-53wr-[r]write9-54y-[j]yesyardyellowyoung9-55z[z]puzzlezerozoo9-56十、英语语音名词说明1．音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音嘹亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不嘹亮，不能单独构成音节（[m][n][][l]例外）；从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节；0-012．音节的划分①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节；例如：let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，假如前面音节里的元音是长音就辅字组属于后面一个音节，假如前面一个音节里的元音是短音，就辅字组属于前面一个音节；例如：长音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther短音sev-enstud-ymoth-erver-ymod-leweath-er0-023．重读音节单词中读音特别嘹亮的音节；用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号；单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号；0-034．开音节①确定开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节；例如：noblueba-bystu-dentse-cret.②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节；例如：namethesebikehomeex-cuse.5．闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组（rwy除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节；例如：bageggfishnotcup6．双音节词重读规章双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节；例如：′stu-dent′Chi-na′sec-ond′au-tumnin-′deed含有a-be-de-re-in-ex-等前缀的双音节词往往是在其次个音节上重读；双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生转变；例如：a′boutbe′foreex′cusere′pairfor-′get-fulin-′ven-tor0-040-050-067．多音节词重读规章多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读；例如：′el-e-phantcon-grat-u-′la-tion词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读；例如：scien′tificim′pression′nation0-07