北京专版20考英语复习方案第三篇提分题型专练阅读理解04环境的力量+骨骼再生+拯救蜜蜂试题 7页

　阅读理解(四)　环境的力量+骨骼再生+拯救蜜蜂　A[2019·朝阳一模]　　Flowersbloom(开花)onlyiftheyareplantedinrichsoil(土壤).Wearesimilarlyinfluencedbyourenvironment.Whenourenvironmentisbad,wemaygetsickphysicallyormentally.Whenourenvironmentissupportive,wearemorelikelytothrive.Whichfactor(因素)oftheenvironmentinfluencesusmost?Theanswerissurprising.It’snottheairwebreatheeveryminute,northewaterwedrinkeveryhour;it’sthepeoplewhowerelatetoeveryday.Everydaywehaveconnectionswithalotofpeopleindifferentsituations.Somebringushappinessandprovideuswithlovingsupport.Othersbringusdownandmakeusfeelworthless.Ihavenodoubtthatoneofthemainkeystosuccessisthepeopleweknow.It’snicetohavepeopleinyourlifewhoencourageyoutobetteryourself,andwhosupportyouinyourefforttomakeyourselfabetterperson.Peoplewhoseheartsarebigenoughtobehappyforyoursuccess,ratherthanthosewhoaresoproudthattheyalwayswanttocompetewithyouforsuccess.Peoplewhoseethepotential(潜力)inyou,evenwhenyoucan’tseeitinyourself.Thesearethepeoplewhoyoushouldhaveonyourteamandinyourlife.Soifyoureallylongforsuccess,lookbackatthepeoplewhocomeinandoutofyourlife.Aremostofthepeopleyouknowsupportiveorunsupportive?Whenpeoplearoundyouaren’tsupportive,whatkindofpersondoyoubecome?Doyoubecomeshy,fearful,hatefulandunhappy?Whenyouconnectwiththosewhoaresupportive,whathappenstoyou?Doyoubecomeopen,lively,happy,strongandbrave?Taylorlovesmusic,andherdreamistobecomeasingeroneday.Whenevershetalksaboutherbigdream,noneofherfriendsevergiveherafistbump(碰拳)toencourageher.Tayloralwayscomplainsthatherfriendsarenotsupportiveenoughbutwalkingawayfromthemleavesherinloneliness.Shehasnobetterchoicebuttokeephangingoutwiththem.However,themoretimeshespendswiththem,theworseshefeelsaboutherself.Wecanallmakeamindfuldecisionabouttheenvironmentaroundus.Relatemoretothosewhomakeyouhappybeing“you”,orwhosupportyouinbeing“you”.Ifyouhavetobearoundthosewhoaren’tsupportive,thensimplyacceptthemastheyare,withoutgoingafterthemformorethanwhattheycanprovidetoyou.7 Afterall,eachpersonhasaseed(种子)inthemtobethebeautifulandawesomepersontheywanttobe.Allthey’rewaitingforisthatsupportivesoiltoallowthemtofullybloom.1.Theword“thrive”inParagraph1probablymeans“　　　　”.(　　) A.developandgrowB.judgeandwarnC.mindandcareD.failandfear2.ThewritermentionsthefivequestionsinParagraph4toshowthat　　　　.(　　) A.somepeoplealwayssupportwhatwedo,somedon’tB.weareincludedinacertaincircleoffriendsC.somepeoplegiveusasenseofsuccessD.weareinfluencedbypeoplearoundus3.Accordingtothepassage,whatcouldprobablyhelpmakeTaylor’sdreamcometrue?(　　)A.Sheneedstogetafistbumpfromherfriends.B.Sheneedstokeephangingoutwithherfriends.C.Sheneedstowalkawayfromherunsupportivefriends.D.Sheneedstocontinuetalkingaboutherdreamwithherfriends.4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?(　　)A.Sayingnotounsupportivepeople.B.Lettingtheseedinyoubloom.C.Peoplearoundyoucouldshapeyou.D.Influenceofnaturalenvironment.B[2019·海淀一模]　　You’renotthesamepersonyouwereasachild.You’renoteventhesamepersonyouwerefiveyearsago.Wedon’tjustmeanyourpersonality.Whilewe’dlovetostartanever-endingdiscussionoverthe“trueself”,we’reheretotalkaboutthecells(细胞)inyourbody.Doyouknowhowyourfingernailsandhairareconstantlygrowingandreplacingthemselves?Thesamethinghappensalmosteverywhereinyourbody.Yourouterlayerofskinmakeswayforfresherskin,andinsideyourveins(血管),bloodcellsturnovertomakewayforfreshblood.It’sprobablynosurprisethatthesetypesofcellsareshort-lived,evensomeofthemostseemingly7 permanent(永久的)partsofyourbodyreplacethemselvesovertime—includingyourbones.Strongasyourbonesmightseem,thecellsthey’remadeofwon’tlastalifetime.Bonesaremastersatrebuildingthemselves,whichiswhymostbrokenbonescanhealontheirownintotherightshape.Boneshavespecialcellscalledosteoclasts(破骨细胞)whosejobistobreakdownbone,evenifitisn’tbroken,andsendthemineralsintothebloodstream.Thismaysoundfrighteninglylikeyourbonesarewearingaway,butyourbodyknowswhatit’sdoing.Asosteoclastsbreakdownbone,osteoblasts(成骨细胞)buildupnewbonetoreplacetheold.Bytheendofeachyear,about10percentofyourentireadultskeletonwillhavebeenrebuiltthroughthisprocess. If10percentofyourbonebreaksdowneveryyear,itmusttakeabouttenyearstorenew100percentofyourskeleton.Thatwouldbeagreatguess,anditlinesupnicelywiththemedicalmyththatthehumanbody’scellsarefullyreplacedeverysevenyears,butthebodyisabitmorecomplex.That10percentisjustanaverage—somebonegrowsfasterthanthat,andsomegrowsslower.Whilesomepartsofyourbonewillturnoverquickly,otherpartswillstickaroundfordecades.Infact,mostbonecellscouldliveaslongas50years.Sobeforeyougetwrappedupinanidentitycrisis(危机)aboutthecellsinyourbodydisappearingonyou,knowthatyoucanlosesomehairandyoucancutyournails,butthebonesofyouaren’tgoinganywhere—atleastnotverysoonandnotallatonce.5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?(　　)A.Allthecellsinourbodyarethesameonesthatwewerebornwith.B.Ourbloodcellsareconstantlygrowingandreplacingthemselves.C.Itmusttakeabout10yearstorebuild100percentofourskeleton.D.Osteoblastscanbreakdownskinandalsorebuilditovertime.6.Theunderlinedwords“wearingaway”probablymean“　　　　”.(　　) A.buildingupB.takingoffC.dyingoutD.turningon7.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?(　　)A.Ourskeletonseemspermanentbutrenewsitselfovertime.B.Itisnotsurprisingthatsomecellsinourbodyareshort-lived.7 C.Therearetwotypesofcellsinourbones:osteoclastsandosteoblasts.D.Wearenotthesamepersonwewerefiveyearsagobecauseofpersonality.C[2019·顺义一模]Doyourunawaywhenyouhearabeebuzzing?Manypeopledo.Abeestinghurtsandsomepeopleareallergic(过敏的)tobeevenom.Butdidyouknowthatbeesareveryimportanttohumans?Honeybeesdomorethanjustmakehoney.Theyflyaroundandpollinateflowers,plants,andtrees.Ourfruits,nuts,andvegetablesrelyonthesepollinators.OnethirdofAmerica’sfoodsupplyispollinatedbythehoneybee.Haveyouseenorheardahoneybeelately?Beesaremysteriously(神秘地)disappearinginmanypartsoftheworld.Mostpeopledon’tknowaboutthisproblem.Itiscalled“ColonyCollapseDisorder”(CCD).SomeNorthAmericanbeekeeperslost80%oftheirhivesfrom2006—2008.BeesinItalyandAustraliaaredisappearingtoo.Thedisappearanceofthehoneybeeisaseriousproblem.Canyouimaginenevereatinganotherblueberry?Whataboutalmondsandcherries?Withouthoneybeesfoodpriceswillskyrocket.Thepoorestpeoplealwayssuffertheworstwhenthereisalackoffood.Thisproblemaffectsotherfoodsbesidesfreshproduce.Imaginelosingyourfavoriteicecream!HaagenDaazisafamousicecreamcompany.Manyoftheirflavorsrelyonthehard-workinghoneybee.In2008,HaagenDaazbeganraisingmoneyforCCD.TheyalsofundedagardenattheUniversityofCaliforniacalledTheHaven.Thisgardenhelpsraiseawarenessaboutthedisappearinghoneybeeandteachesvisitorshowtoplantforpollinators.Donatingmoneytoresearchisthemostimportantthinghumanscandotosavethehoneybee.ScientistsneedmoneytoinvestigatethecausesofColonyCollapseDisorder.SomescientistsblameCCDonclimatechange.Othersthinkpesticidesarekillingthebees.Commercial(盈利性的)beemigrationmayalsocauseCCD.Beekeeperstransporttheirhivesfromplacetoplaceinordertopollinateplantsyearround.Noteveryonehasmoneytodonateregularly.Thereareotherwaystohelpthehoneybee.Spreadthewordbytellingyourfriendsandfamilyabouttheproblem.Tellyourteacheraboutthedisappearingbeetoo.Maybeyourclasscanwritealettertothegovernment.8.Honeybeesareveryimportantbecausetheyproducehoneyand　　　　.(　　) A.stingpeople7 B.treatallergiesC.pollinateflowersD.buzzeverywhere9.WhydoesthewritermentiontheHaagenDaazcompany?(　　)A.Todescribewhatbeekeeperswilllosewithouthoneybees.B.TotellreaderswhyHaagenDaazisafamouscompany.C.Toshowhowscientistswillinvestigatehoneybees.D.ToexplainhowserioustheCCDproblemis.10.Theword“funded”inParagraph4probablymeans“　　　　”.(　　) A.donatedmoneyforB.savedmoneyforC.providedmoneyforD.collectedmoneyfor11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?(　　)A.TheDisappearingHoneybeeB.TheImportantHoneybeeC.TheProblemsofHoneybeesD.TheInvestigationofHoneybee7 【参考答案】A[主旨大意]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了周边的人对我们的影响最大,多跟那些支持你的人在一起。1.A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的最后两句“Whenourenvironmentisbad,…Wearemorelikelytothrive.”可推知,环境不好,我们可能会在身体上或精神上生病;当我们的环境支持我们时,我们更有可能发展壮大。故选A。2.D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Soifyoureallylongforsuccess,lookbackatthepeoplewhocomeinandoutofyourlife.”可知,如果你真的渴望成功,那就回头看看那些进出你生活的人。即我们受周围人的影响。故选D。3.C　推理判断题。根据上下文可知,Taylor的朋友总是打击她,和他们在一起的时间越多,她对自己的感觉就越差。再根据第六段第二句“Relatemoretothosewhomakeyouhappybeing‘you’,orwhosupportyouinbeing‘you’.”可知,多和支持你的人待在一起,远离不支持你的朋友。故选C。4.C　主旨大意题。通读全文内容和根据第二段中的“It’snottheairwebreatheeveryminute,northewaterwedrinkeveryhour;it’sthepeoplewhowerelatetoeveryday.”可推知,本文主要讲述身边的人对我们的影响最大,他们可以塑造你。故选C。B[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人体的骨骼随着时间的推移,也会自我替换,但不会很快消失,也不会一次消失。5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Yourouterlayerofskinmakeswayforfresherskin,andinsideyourveins,bloodcellsturnovertomakewayforfreshblood.”可知,你的皮肤外层为更新鲜的皮肤让路,在你的血管里,血细胞为新鲜的血液让路。可推知,我们的血细胞不断地生长和自我更新。故选B。6.C　词义猜测题。根据上句“Boneshavespecialcellscalledosteoclastswhosejobistobreakdownbone,evenifitisn’tbroken,andsendthemineralsintothebloodstream.”及下句“Asosteoclastsbreakdownbone,osteoblastsbuildupnewhonetoreplacetheold.”可推知,破骨细胞分解你的骨骼,导致旧骨骼死亡,成骨细胞重建新骨骼。此处“wearingaway”相当于“dyingout”,意为“消亡”。故选C。7.A　主旨大意题。通读全文内容,根据第二段最后一句“…evensomeofthemostseeminglypermanentpartsofyourbodyreplacethemselvesovertime-includingyourbones.”可推知,本文主要讲述我们的骨架似乎是永久的,但会随时更新自我。故选A。7 C[主旨大意]本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂的消失是一个严重的问题。本文对此作了具体描述并介绍了如何拯救蜜蜂。8.C　9.D　10.C　11.A7