美科学家研究蜜蜂数量减少的原因一托福阅读机经背景 11页

智课网TOEFL备考资料 美科学家研究蜜蜂数量减少的原因一托福阅读机经背景Volunteersequippedwithnothingmorethandigitalcamerasaretakingpartinanunusualbeehunt.一些只带着数码相机的义工正在参与一项不寻常的环境研究。It"spartofanenvironmentalstudythathasamateurphotographersdocumentingtheimpactofclimatechange,pollutionandotherfactorsontheinterplaybetweenplantsandthecreaturesthatpollinatethem.这个“寻觅蜜蜂计划”要求业余摄影家们记录下气候变化、污染和其它因素对植物和传播花粉的蜜蜂之间相互作用所造成的影响。FreezeframeBeespollinate$10billionworthoffruits,nutsandavarietyofrowcropseachyearintheUnitedStates.在美国，蜜蜂每年为价值100亿美元的果实、坚果和其它作物传授花粉。Yetrecentdeclinesinthepopulationoftheseessentialinsectsthreatenthelucrativeagriculturalindustry.可是，最近蜜蜂数量的减少，威胁到这些收益良好的农副产品的生产。SamDroege,aresearcherattheUSGeologicalSurvey"sNativeBeeInventoryandMonitoringLab, isexaminingpossiblecausesforthebeedecline.Workingwithanonlineenvironmentalencyclopediacalled,"DiscoverLife,"DroegehashelpedorganizetheBeeHuntstudy.为了找出导致蜜蜂数量下降的可能原因，德罗基利用网上环境百科全书“发现生命”，组织起一个叫作“寻找蜜蜂”的研究项目。BeehuntersacrosstheUnitedStatestakepicturesofpollinatorsandtheplantstheypollinate,andthenuploadthemtothe"DiscoverLife"website.Theonlinedatabasekeepstrackoftrendsinpollinatorpopulationsthatshowtheeffectsofclimatechange,pollutionorinvasivespecies.美国各地的寻蜂者拍摄传授花粉的昆虫和接受花粉传授的植物照片，并且将这些照片上载到“发现生命”网站。网路资料追踪因为气候变化、污染或外来物种入侵造成的传授花粉昆虫数量的变化趋势。TrackingpollinatorpopulationsDroege"slabisfilledwithboxesofdeadbeesatvariousstagesofidentification,butthepartofhisjobheseemstoreallyenjoyisbeingoutsidehuntingforlivebees.山姆·德罗基的实验室里摆满了盒子，里面装着不同时期死亡的蜜蜂。这是他为美国地质调查局的“本土蜜蜂清查监测实验室”所做的工作。在这个工作当中，他最喜欢的是到野外寻找活着的蜜蜂。Afterashort,bumpycarride,Droegestopsatasmallgrassyfieldfilledwithmilkweed,Canadathistleandbees.HefeelsthereisanurgentneedforalargesamplingofpollinatorpopulationsacrosstheUnitedStates.德罗基在崎岖道路上开了一小段路，然后停在一小片长满了紫云英和加拿大蓟荆、蜜蜂飞舞的草地上。他说，现在急需大范围采集全国各地传授花粉昆虫的样品："There"snobureaucensusofbees,"hesays."Sowearetryingtocreatethatinanywaypossible.There"snotalotoffunding,sohavingcitizenscollectthatkindofinformationwouldbeadvantageous." Informationonthestatusofpollinatorshelpsresearchersunderstandexactlyhowfactors,suchasdiseaseorpollution,impactthenumbersoftheseimportantinsects.BeehuntersAmateurnaturalistsbegintheirbeehuntsbynotingthetimeofdayandlocationtheyarephotographing.业余自然生物学家开始寻蜂作业时，要记下来他们拍摄照片的日期、时间和地点。Oncetheyfindsomebees,orotherpollinatinginsectssuchaswasps,butterfliesandbeetles,it"stimetopulloutthecameraandgetsomegoodclose-ups.Thevolunteersuploadthephotostothe"DiscoverLife"website,wherefreeonlinetoolsandexpertsareavailabletohelpidentifytheinsectsandtheplantsthey"repollinating.一旦他们找到了蜜蜂或者其它传授花粉的昆虫，例如黄蜂、蝴蝶、甲虫等，就马上拿出相机，拍摄近距离特写。最后，义工们将照片上载到“发现生命”网站，由专家们确认昆虫的种类和接受花粉传播的植物。Sofar,50beehuntersacrosstheU.S.havecontributedtothedatabase.StephanieUrquharttookpicturesofpollinatorsinthestateofOklahoma.Shebecameinterestedinthestudywhenshefirstheardthatbeesweredisappearingduetoanoccurrencecalledcolonycollapsedisorder.目前，全美国有50名寻蜂者为这个资料库提供资讯。奥克拉荷马州的斯特凡尼·厄克特是听说蜜蜂消失的消息后，开始对这项研究发生兴趣的。"Myfamily,myfatherandmygrandfather,theywerebeekeepers.AndsowhenIheardthatnews,Iknewwhatthatmeant.Anditreallyscaredme."Urquhartbeganresearchingcolonycollapsedisorderandlearnedthat,asfarbackas1996,about40percentofthenation"swildpollinatorshaddisappeared."Thatincludesbees,bats,butterflies,moths,thewholegamut." 她说：“我父亲和祖父都是从事养蜂的。所以，我听到这个消息时，我知道那意味着什么，我非常担心。所以我开始研究蜂群的反常消失和潜在的原因。我发现，早在1996年，我们就失去了百分之40Volunteersequippedwithnothingmorethandigitalcamerasaretakingpartinanunusualbeehunt.一些只带着数码相机的义工正在参与一项不寻常的环境研究。It"spartofanenvironmentalstudythathasamateurphotographersdocumentingtheimpactofclimatechange,pollutionandotherfactorsontheinterplaybetweenplantsandthecreaturesthatpollinatethem.这个“寻觅蜜蜂计划”要求业余摄影家们记录下气候变化、污染和其它因素对植物和传播花粉的蜜蜂之间相互作用所造成的影响。FreezeframeBeespollinate$10billionworthoffruits,nutsandavarietyofrowcropseachyearintheUnitedStates.在美国，蜜蜂每年为价值100亿美元的果实、坚果和其它作物传授花粉。Yetrecentdeclinesinthepopulationoftheseessentialinsectsthreatenthelucrativeagriculturalindustry.可是，最近蜜蜂数量的减少，威胁到这些收益良好的农副产品的生产。SamDroege,aresearcherattheUSGeologicalSurvey"sNativeBeeInventoryandMonitoringLab,isexaminingpossiblecausesforthebeedecline.Workingwithanonlineenvironmentalencyclopediacalled,"DiscoverLife,"DroegehashelpedorganizetheBeeHuntstudy.为了找出导致蜜蜂数量下降的可能原因，德罗基利用网上环境百科全书“发现生命”，组织起一个叫作“寻找蜜蜂”的研究项目。BeehuntersacrosstheUnitedStatestakepicturesofpollinatorsandtheplantstheypollinate, andthenuploadthemtothe"DiscoverLife"website.Theonlinedatabasekeepstrackoftrendsinpollinatorpopulationsthatshowtheeffectsofclimatechange,pollutionorinvasivespecies.美国各地的寻蜂者拍摄传授花粉的昆虫和接受花粉传授的植物照片，并且将这些照片上载到“发现生命”网站。网路资料追踪因为气候变化、污染或外来物种入侵造成的传授花粉昆虫数量的变化趋势。TrackingpollinatorpopulationsDroege"slabisfilledwithboxesofdeadbeesatvariousstagesofidentification,butthepartofhisjobheseemstoreallyenjoyisbeingoutsidehuntingforlivebees.山姆·德罗基的实验室里摆满了盒子，里面装着不同时期死亡的蜜蜂。这是他为美国地质调查局的“本土蜜蜂清查监测实验室”所做的工作。在这个工作当中，他最喜欢的是到野外寻找活着的蜜蜂。Afterashort,bumpycarride,Droegestopsatasmallgrassyfieldfilledwithmilkweed,Canadathistleandbees.HefeelsthereisanurgentneedforalargesamplingofpollinatorpopulationsacrosstheUnitedStates.德罗基在崎岖道路上开了一小段路，然后停在一小片长满了紫云英和加拿大蓟荆、蜜蜂飞舞的草地上。他说，现在急需大范围采集全国各地传授花粉昆虫的样品："There"snobureaucensusofbees,"hesays."Sowearetryingtocreatethatinanywaypossible.There"snotalotoffunding,sohavingcitizenscollectthatkindofinformationwouldbeadvantageous."Informationonthestatusofpollinatorshelpsresearchersunderstandexactlyhowfactors,suchasdiseaseorpollution,impactthenumbersoftheseimportantinsects.BeehuntersAmateurnaturalistsbegintheirbeehuntsbynotingthetimeofdayandlocationtheyarephotographing. 业余自然生物学家开始寻蜂作业时，要记下来他们拍摄照片的日期、时间和地点。Oncetheyfindsomebees,orotherpollinatinginsectssuchaswasps,butterfliesandbeetles,it"stimetopulloutthecameraandgetsomegoodclose-ups.Thevolunteersuploadthephotostothe"DiscoverLife"website,wherefreeonlinetoolsandexpertsareavailabletohelpidentifytheinsectsandtheplantsthey"repollinating.一旦他们找到了蜜蜂或者其它传授花粉的昆虫，例如黄蜂、蝴蝶、甲虫等，就马上拿出相机，拍摄近距离特写。最后，义工们将照片上载到“发现生命”网站，由专家们确认昆虫的种类和接受花粉传播的植物。Sofar,50beehuntersacrosstheU.S.havecontributedtothedatabase.StephanieUrquharttookpicturesofpollinatorsinthestateofOklahoma.Shebecameinterestedinthestudywhenshefirstheardthatbeesweredisappearingduetoanoccurrencecalledcolonycollapsedisorder.目前，全美国有50名寻蜂者为这个资料库提供资讯。奥克拉荷马州的斯特凡尼·厄克特是听说蜜蜂消失的消息后，开始对这项研究发生兴趣的。"Myfamily,myfatherandmygrandfather,theywerebeekeepers.AndsowhenIheardthatnews,Iknewwhatthatmeant.Anditreallyscaredme."Urquhartbeganresearchingcolonycollapsedisorderandlearnedthat,asfarbackas1996,about40percentofthenation"swildpollinatorshaddisappeared."Thatincludesbees,bats,butterflies,moths,thewholegamut."她说：“我父亲和祖父都是从事养蜂的。所以，我听到这个消息时，我知道那意味着什么，我非常担心。所以我开始研究蜂群的反常消失和潜在的原因。我发现，早在1996年，我们就失去了百分之40的野生授粉昆虫，包括蜜蜂、蝙蝠、蝴蝶、飞蛾等等。”Inadditiontoherdesiretohelpscientistsunderstandwhatiscausingthispollinatordecline,UrquhartalsousesBeeHuntaspartofherhome-schoolingroutinewithhertwoyoungdaughters.Forallthreeofthem,shesays,thisisawaytohaveapositiveimpactontheworld. |除了希望协助科学家了解授粉昆虫数量减少的原因，厄克特还把寻找蜜蜂作为她的两个小女儿家庭教育的内容。她说，这是她们母女三人能够为这世界做出积极贡献的途径："Withdigitalphotography,andtheinternet,nowpeoplecangetdirectlyinvolvedwiththis-withclimate,withwildlifeissues,conservation,whatever.Andreallycontributesomethingmeaningful,andlearnaboutthemselvesandstarttounderstandwheretheyliveandhowtheycaninteractwiththeirenvironment."“由于数码摄影和网路，人们现在可以直接参与气象、野生生物、环境保育等许多问题，并且做出有意义的贡献，学习并了解自己居住的地方，以及如何与环境互动。”HopeforthefutureFosteringthatcommunityinvolvementinresearchisexactlywhyUniversityofGeorgiaresearcherJohnPickeringfounded"DiscoverLife,"andcreatedBeeHunt.Withthestudygainingmomentumnowthatithasfullfunding,Pickeringisexcitedtoseewhatthedatawilltellus,andhowwecanuseit.促进社区参与研究工作，这正是乔治敦大学学者约翰·皮克林创立“发现生命”网站和开始“寻找蜜蜂”项目的初衷。随着研究工作渐入佳境和有了充裕的经费，皮克林现在非常希望知道这些数据将揭示什么，和我们如何去利用这些数据。"Idon"tlookatdoomanddestructioninourfuture,"hesays."Ireallyfeelthatifweworktogether,networktogether,collectthedatathatweneedasasociety,wecanreallyunderstandandbettermanagethisplanet."皮克林说：“我不认为前途一片黑暗。我确实觉得，如果我们一起努力，一起建立我们的网络，收集我们作为一个社会所需要的资讯，我们就能够懂得地球，懂得如何把地球治理得更好。”DroegesayscombiningdatafrommultipleBeeHuntscancreateanimpressivedatabaseshowingthestatusofpollinatorstoday.Itwouldalsoprovideavaluableenvironmentalbaselineforunderstandingchangesintheyearstocome."It"sthefoundationforallinformationtocome.It"llbecomparedto,usedoverandover.We knowthattherewerethesekindsofbeesandthesekindsofcrittersonflowersatthistimeandthisplace.Twentyyearslater,100yearslater,youcangobackandlookatthatagainandyouhavetheoriginaldatarightthere.Youcanlookatit."的野生授粉昆虫，包括蜜蜂、蝙蝠、蝴蝶、飞蛾等等。”Inadditiontoherdesiretohelpscientistsunderstandwhatiscausingthispollinatordecline,UrquhartalsousesBeeHuntaspartofherhome-schoolingroutinewithhertwoyoungdaughters.Forallthreeofthem,shesays,thisisawaytohaveapositiveimpactontheworld.|除了希望协助科学家了解授粉昆虫数量减少的原因，厄克特还把寻找蜜蜂作为她的两个小女儿家庭教育的内容。她说，这是她们母女三人能够为这世界做出积极贡献的途径："Withdigitalphotography,andtheinternet,nowpeoplecangetdirectlyinvolvedwiththis-withclimate,withwildlifeissues,conservation,whatever.Andreallycontributesomethingmeaningful,andlearnaboutthemselvesandstarttounderstandwheretheyliveandhowtheycaninteractwiththeirenvironment."“由于数码摄影和网路，人们现在可以直接参与气象、野生生物、环境保育等许多问题，并且做出有意义的贡献，学习并了解自己居住的地方，以及如何与环境互动。”HopeforthefutureFosteringthatcommunityinvolvementinresearchisexactlywhyUniversityofGeorgiaresearcherJohnPickeringfounded"DiscoverLife,"andcreatedBeeHunt.Withthestudygainingmomentumnowthatithasfullfunding,Pickeringisexcitedtoseewhatthedatawilltellus,andhowwecanuseit.促进社区参与研究工作，这正是乔治敦大学学者约翰·皮克林创立“发现生命”网站和开始“寻找蜜蜂”项目的初衷。随着研究工作渐入佳境和有了充裕的经费，皮克林现在非常希望知道这些数据将揭示什么，和我们如何去利用这些数据。"Idon"tlookatdoomanddestructioninourfuture,"hesays."Ireallyfeelthatifweworktogether,networktogether,collectthedatathatweneedasasociety,wecanreallyunderstand andbettermanagethisplanet."皮克林说：“我不认为前途一片黑暗。我确实觉得，如果我们一起努力，一起建立我们的网络，收集我们作为一个社会所需要的资讯，我们就能够懂得地球，懂得如何把地球治理得更好。”DroegesayscombiningdatafrommultipleBeeHuntscancreateanimpressivedatabaseshowingthestatusofpollinatorstoday.Itwouldalsoprovideavaluableenvironmentalbaselineforunderstandingchangesintheyearstocome."It"sthefoundationforallinformationtocome.It"llbecomparedto,usedoverandover.Weknowthattherewerethesekindsofbeesandthesekindsofcrittersonflowersatthistimeandthisplace.Twentyyearslater,100yearslater,youcangobackandlookatthatagainandyouhavetheoriginaldatarightthere.Youcanlookatit."相关推荐：基因技术预测未来患病风险一托福阅读机经背景印度尼西亚即将步入经济大国行列一托福阅读机经背景首尔20国集团峰会保安严密一托福阅读机经背景阿拉伯裔美国人大都支持民主党一托福阅读机经背景浪费食品就是浪费能源一托福阅读机经背景相关字搜索：托福