人物故事类-五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题分类---精校解析Word版 26页

高考英语真题阅读理解专题02人物故事类人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。命题方式考点一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)true/correct?2.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3.Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...4.Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad,whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereis anelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam,oneofthehighestdamsintheworld,issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.Q：HooverDamlies______.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewell-receivedTVprogramme＂StarsTonight＂，MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongkongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However,itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.＂It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，＂saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia. 3.数据推算。IfyouregisterboththeVIEWqualificationcourseandtheForumatthesametime,youwillsave_______.A.$100　B.$300　C.$350　D.$400这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二主题理解或写作意图推断一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题（title,headline）；2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；3.中心思想(mainidea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.考点三推理推断推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________. 6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...考点四词义、句义猜测。词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.Theword＂...＂inLine...means/canbereplacedby...2.Asusedinthepassage,thephrase＂...＂suggests...3.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase＂...＂is/referredto...4.Theword＂...＂isclosestinmeaningto...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会＂顺藤摸瓜＂，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1.定义法。如：Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义，即＂退火＂。Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是＂脆＂的意思。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为＂牧人＂。2.同位法。如：Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes. 同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8A.m.—thisweek.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是＂夜班＂的意思。3.对比法。如：Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一节上了一半才来＂，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向＂准时＂的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如：Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility意思是＂可能性＂。5.因果法。如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果＂永远不能再运动＂中，可以推测permanent的意思为＂永远的，永久＂。故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。【典例剖析】SurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocks fromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”59.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound______.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering 60.Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.ThepeopletrappedinhighrisebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople61.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform62.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWest,homeisbestD.Technologyispower【文章大意】Natalie是一个14岁的孩子，她生活的地方Brooklyn遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie也加入了进去，Natalie创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。60.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.”可知，那些帮助Rockaway恢复重建的人给了Natalie鼓舞，故选A。61.D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.”可知，Natalie创建了一个网站来分享和匹配求助信息和捐赠信息，故选D。62.A【解析】写作意图题。根据倒数第二段“Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.”可知，Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬，说明小人物也可以有大作为，故选A。 Passage1（2018年新课标卷III）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文中国建筑设计师王澍372★★☆☆☆5分钟WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid. "Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.28.Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare___________.A.followingthelatestworldtrendB.gettinginternationalrecognitionC.workingharderthaneverbeforeD.relyingonforeignarchitects29.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A.Itshillyenvironment.B.Itslargesize.C.Itsuniquestyle.D.Itsdiversefunctions.30.WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A.Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B.ThebalanceofEastandWest.C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.31.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A.Spreadthemtotheworld.B.Preservethematmuseums.C.Teachtheminuniversities.D.Recreatetheminpractice.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。28.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。31.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中Infact,traditionalsoreferstothe thingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。Passage2（2018年北京卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程338★★☆☆☆5分钟MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn’tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas＂notathletic＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn’tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.36. A month before the marathon, the author____________.A. was well trainedB. felt scared C. made up his mind to runD. lost hope37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memory.38. How was the author’s first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. One is never too old to learn.【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。38.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第10段Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。39.B【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa＂marathonwinner＂.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。Passage3（2018年浙江卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文CharlesDickens在324★★☆☆☆5分钟 英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon（名人堂）ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.22.DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernart C.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.【文章大意】本文写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。21.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy（识字）rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors...Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoral,orjustplainbad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。23.A【解析】写作意图题。根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。Passage4（2017年新课标卷II）体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文深厚友情291★★☆☆☆6分钟IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryears laterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebriefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletoauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn’tfamousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesameage.B.Theyworkedinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhavesimilarcharacteristics.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Theircareforchildren.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend. C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与PaulNewman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让我参演电影时，PaulNewman站出来为我说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。24.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”可知，作者当时还不是很有名。故选C。26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“Wesharedthebriefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback”，我们都有这个信仰：如果你有幸获得成功，你应该有所回馈。下文“hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival”是作者举的例子，因此“sharingthatbroughtustogether.”that指代前面提到的信仰。故选A。27.B【解析】写作意图题。根据“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit”可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”，可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。Passage5(2016·全国新课标I，C)体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文人们之间的友爱261★★☆☆☆6分钟IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.Ipickedupthestem cellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:＂Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.＂SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:＂Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.＂Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword＂courier＂inParagraph1？AproviderBdeliverymanCcollectorDmedicaldoctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that very much.D. The ice won’t last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London        B. To NewarkC. To Providence     D. To Washington【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。30.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。故选D。31.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。Passage6(2016·全国新课标I，A) 体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文几位著名的女性294★★☆☆☆6分钟YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,　shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.＂TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,＂saidParks.21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herteachingskills.C.Hereffortstowinaprize.D.Hercommunitybackground.22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen. D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaPark.24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。23.D【解析】细节理解题。根据末段倒数第二句中andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement可知，RosaParks对民权运动做出了贡献。故选D。24.C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。Passage1体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文“我”的女儿Kelly379★★☆☆☆6分钟MydaughterKellyisacautiousperson.Sheneedstowarmupsituations,andishesitanttotrynewthings.Whenwithclosefriends,shebecomesaleaderwholaughsloudlyandchants.“Girlsrule,boysdrool.”Butwhenthatcomfortzoneisnotaroundher,sheisshyandnervous.Thishasbeenchallengingformeattimes.“Shy”isnotawordthatIthinkhaseverbeenusedtodescribeme.Butthishasbeenyearoffirstsformygirlthathasfilledherwithanewsenseofconfidence.Thisyearshemovedtolaplaneinswimmingwhereshewaspreparingforaswimteam.Thisyearshelearnedtorideabikewithouttrainingwheels.Andthisyearshecompletedherfirstkids’triathlon（三项全能）.OnSaturday,withathunderstormcomingsoonandmyson’sbirthdaypartylaterintheday,weallwentoutinthedarkofthemorningforKellytoparticipateinherfirsttriathlon.We practicedtransitionsfromswimtobiketorunwithher,wegotalltheequipmentshe’dneed,andwekepttalkingabouttherace.Butaswewaitedthetwohoursfortheolderkidstofinishbeforeherturn,sheheldmylegalittleharderandtoldmeshelovedmeafewtoomanytimes.Shewasnervousbuttryingtokeepittogether.Andthenitwasherturn.Fromthesecondshejumpedintothewater,myheartsoared.MydaughtertransformedintothemostconfidenthumanbeingIhadeverseen.Shedominatedthatswim,crushedthatbikerideandrantothefinishwiththebiggestsmileonherface.IcanhonestlysaythatIneverfeltsoproudofsomeoneinmyentirelife.Itwasn’tbecauseshedidasportoranythinglikethat.ItwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingandconqueredthatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn’tseenbefore.AlldayIwouldfindmyselfjustlookingoveratherandsmiling.ShemightbewearingthefinalistmedalbutIfeltlikeIwonthatday.Iwonthechancetoseemygirlshine.Shineon,sweetbaby.1.Kellyisnervouswhen________.A.boysarearoundherB.shechangesintoaleaderC.sheisawayfromhermomD.situationsarenewtoher2.WecanlearnfromParagraph3that______.A.theracebeganintheearlymorningB.KellywaseagerforherturnintheraceC.thewholefamilygaveKellysupportD.herbrother’sbirthdaypartywasdelayed.3.Intheendingparagraphstheauthor“feltlikeIwonthatday”becauseKelly________.A.TookpartinthesportB.ExpressedlovetoherC.WonthegoldmedalD.Changedcompletely4.WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkKellyis?A.TimidanddeterminedB.Cuteandconfident C.FearfulandenergeticD.Sociableandbrave【文章大意】本文讲述了“我”的女儿Kelly是个慢热型的人，和陌生人在一起她会很紧张很害羞，看到女儿赢得奖牌是作为父母最大的荣耀。1.D【解析】考查文章细节理解，根据文章中第一段所描述的Sheneedstowarmuptosituations，ishesitanttotrynewthings以及Butwhenthatcomfortzoneisnotaroundher，she isshyandnervous.，可知Kelly是一个慢热型的人，如果有新的情况，必然需要一段较长的时间适应，故选D。3.D【解析】考查文章细节理解，根据文章第五段中的ItwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingandconqueredthatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn’tseenbefore以及第六段中的 IfeltlikeIwonthatday，可知她已经克服了她的恐惧了，故选D。4.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句whenthatcomfortzoneisnotaroundher,sheisshyandnervous.和倒数第二段最后一句ItwasbecauseshewasafraidofsomethingandconqueredthatfearwithconfidenceandafireIhadn’tseenbefore.由此可知Kelly有点害羞，又意志坚定。故选A。Passage2体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文追寻前人足迹的探险348★★☆☆☆6分钟GreycloudsmoveaslowassmokeoverthetreetopsatLoloPass.Thegroundiswhite.ThedayisJune10.IthasbeensnowingforthepastfourdaysintheBitterrootMountains.WayneFairchildisgettingworriedaboutourtrekovertheLoloTrail-95milesfromLoloMontanatoWeippeinIdaho,acrosstheroughestcountryintheWest.LewisandClarkwerenearlydefeated200yearsagobysnowstormsontheLolo.TodayFairchildisnervouslycheckingtheweatherreports.Hehasagreedtotakemeacrossthetoughest,middlesectionofthetrail.WhenLewisclimbedontopofLemhiPass,140milessouthofMissoula,onAug.12,1805,hewasastonishedbywhatwasinfrontofhim;＂highmountainchainsstilltotheWestofuswiththeirtopspartiallycoveredwithsnow.＂NobodyinwhatwasthentheUSknewtheRockyMountainsexisted,withpeakstwiceashighasanythingintheAppalachiansbackEast. Todaytheirpathwaythroughthosemountainsholdsmoreattractionthananyothergroundoverwhichtheytraveled,foritsrawwildernessisanevidencetothecharacteroftwocultures:theexplorerswhobraveditshardshipsandtheNativeAmericanswhoprizeandconservethepathasasacred(神圣的)gift.ItremainstodaythesameconditionaswhenLewisandClarkwalkedit.TheLoloispassableonlyfromJulytomid-September.Ourluckisholdingwiththeweather,althoughthesnowkeepsgettingdeeper.AsweclimbtoIndianPostOffice,thehighestpointonthetrailat7,033ft,wehavecovered13milesinsoftsnow,andwehardlyhaveenoughenergytomakedinner.Afteramealofchicken,Isitonarockontopoftheridge(山脊）.Thereisnolightvisibleinanydirection,notevenanothercampfire.Forfourdayswedonotseeanotherhumanbeing.Weareoccupiedwiththethingsthatmixfearwithjoy.InourimaginationwehavefinallycaughtupwithLewisandClark.1.Welearnfromthetextthatbefore1805.A.TheRockyMountainswerewhollycoveredwithsnowB.therewerenopeoplelivinginthewesternpartofAmericaC.noAmericansknewoftheexistenceoftheRockyMountainsD.theAppalachianswerethewesternfrontieroftheUnitedStates2.WelearnfromthetextthattheLoloPass.A.haschangedalotsince1805B.isthemeetingpointofthreeculturesC.remainsmuchthesameasitwas200yearsagoD.nowattractsalargenumberoftouriststovisit3.Judgingfromthetext,LewisandClarkweremostprobably.A.twonativeIndiansB.explorersoftheearly19thcenturyC.merchantswhodidbusinesswiththeIndiansD.travelerswhosecuriositytookthemovertheLoloPass4.WecaninferfromthetextthatwhencrossingtheLoloPasstheauthor.A.wasattemptingtheimpossibleB.wastryingtosetaworldrecordC.wasfollowingthetrailofLewisandClark D.wasfightingwithweatherandtakingunnecessaryrisks【文章大意】本文纪录的是一次追寻前人足迹的探险，尽管天气、路程等的艰难，但是在作者看来却是已经赶上了以前的探险者。3.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的描述，以及第三段theexplorerswhobraveditshardshipsandtheNativeAmericanswhoprizeandconservethepathasasacred的提示可知，他们是探险者，故选B。4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可知，作者他们是沿着LewisandClark的足迹进行探险的。Passage3体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文JeanHarper在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当飞行员的梦想394★★☆☆☆6分钟In1959,whenJeanHarperwasinthethirdgrade,herteachergavetheclassanassignmenttowriteareportonwhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.Jean’sfatherwasacropdustingpilotinthelittlefarmingcommunityinNorthernCaliforniawhereshewasraised,andJeanwasveryinterestedinairplanesandflying.Shepouredherheartintoherreportandincludedallofherdreams.Shewantedtobeacropdustingpilot,makeparachutejumps(跳伞),andbeanairlinepilot.Herpapercamebackwithan"F"onit.Theteachertoldheritwasa"fairytale"andthatnoneoftheoccupationsshelistedwerewomen’sjobs.Jeanwasdevastatedandhumiliated.Onedayinhersenioryearofhighschool,herEnglishteacherMrsDorothySlatongavetheclassanassignment."Ifyouhadunlimitedmoney,unlimitedaccesstothefinestschools,andunlimitedtalentsandabilities,whatwouldyoudo?"Jeanfeltarushofheroldenthusiasm,andwithexcitementshewrotedownallherolddreams.Theteacherleanedforwardoverherdeskandsaid,"Youdohaveunlimitedabilitiesandtalents.Whenyouleaveschool,ifyoudon’t goforyourdreams,noonewilldoitforyou.Youcanhavewhatyouwantifyouwantitenough."ThehurtandfearofyearsofdiscouragementwentawaybecauseofwhatMrsSlatonhadsaid.Jeanfeltexcitedandalittlescared.Shestayedafterclassandwentuptotheteacher’sdesk.JeanthankedMrsSlatonandtoldheraboutherdreamofbecomingapilot.MrsSlatonhalfroseandslappedthedesktop."Thendoit!"shesaid.SoJeandid.Itdidn’thappenovernight.Ittookher10yearsofhardwork.Itwasn’tinJean’snaturetostandupforherselfwhensomeonerefusedorhumiliatedher.Instead,shewouldquietlytrytofindanotherway.Shebecameaprivatepilotandthenflewplanesasaco-pilot(副驾驶员).In1978,shebecameoneofthefirstthreefemalepilottraineeseveracceptedbyUnitedAirlinesandoneoftheonly50womenairlinepilotsinthenationatthattime.Someyearslater,JeanHarperbecameaBoeing737captainforUnitedAirlines.1.WhenJeanHarperwasinthethirdgrade,_________.A.itwascommonforwomentobeairlinepilotsB.herfatheradvisedhertobeapilotlikehiminthefutureC.shewasunsureaboutwhatshewantedtobewhenshegrewupD.shewasdeeplyhurtbyherteacher’scommentonherdreams2.WhatwasMrsSlaton’sreactionwhenshelearnedaboutJeanHarper’sdream?A.EncouragingJeantodowhatshewantedto.B.OfferingJeanasmuchhelpasshecould.C.PersuadingJeantogiveupherdream.D.MakingJeanawareofallthepossibledifficulties.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.HowJeanHarperachievedherflyingdream.B.JeanHarper’sgreatachievementsinflying.C.ThehardshipsJeanHarperexperiencedwhentryingtobeapilot.D.JeanHarper’sdeterminationtopursueherdream.4.WhatgaveJeanHarperenoughstrengthandfaithtopursueherdream?A.Herfather’sinfluenceonher.B.MrsSlaton’ssupport.C.Herdecisiontostandupforherself. D.Ateacher’shumiliationwhenshewasinthethirdgrade.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，介绍了JeanHarper如何在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当一名飞行员的梦想。1.D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的"Jeanwasdevastatedandhumiliated"和第四段中的"Thehurtandfearofyearsofdiscouragement"可知答案为D。3.B【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要讲述了JeanHarper在飞行方面的成就，所以答案为B。4.B【解析】推理判断题。文中提到的JeanHarper的两位老师，一位打击她的梦想，让她几乎对此丧失信心；另一位老师给她无限的信心，让她相信自己,坚持追寻梦想，所以答案为B。Passage4体裁话题词数难度建议时间记叙文女儿靠毅力获得最高荣誉339★★☆☆☆6分钟ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.Cathysufferedsometerribleillnessinherearlychildhood.Afteryearsofregulartreatment,shefinallybecamehealthy.Twoyearsago,whileCathywaswatchingtheOlympics,adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer.Lastsummer,shewantedtojoinourlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinallymadeit.Theteampractice,however,wasaroughstart.Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardlysurviveherfirstfewweeks.Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight,Idecidedtopullherfromitall.ButCathywokemeupearlynextmorning,wearingherswimsuitreadytogo!Itoldhersheshouldn’tswimafterawholenight’scoughing,butsherefusedtogiveupandinsistedshego.Fromthatdayon,Cathykeptswimminganddidn’tmissasinglepractice.Shehadaresoluteintentionwithinherselftobethebestshecouldbe.Myten-year-oldwasgrowingandchangingrightbeforemyeyes,intothisdeterminedhumanbeingwithapassionandamission.Thereweremomentsoffrustrationofcourse:oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace.ItwasdifficultforCathytoacceptthatshewasn’tawinner—ever.Butthatdidn’tstopherfromtrying.Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn’texpectanyaward butwasstilltheretocheeronherfriendsandpraisetheiraccomplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoachannouncing,"ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy!"Lookingaround,hecontinued,"Cathyhasinspireduswithherwillandenthusiasm.Althoughskillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess,themostvaluableasset(财富)onecanholdistheheart."Itwasthegreatestmomentofmydaughter’slife.Withallshehadbeenthroughinhertenyears,thiswasthehouroftruetriumph(成功).1.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthepassage?A.Herdaughterexperiencedaterriblechildhood.B.Shedevotedherselftotakingcareofherdaughter.C.Herdaughterpreferredswimmingtoanythingelse.D.Shewasproudofherdaughterbeingpersistent.2.WhatdoweknowaboutCathywhenshewasinthelocalswimteam?A.Shebelievedshecouldturnexcellentswimmer.B.Sheunderstoodpracticewouldbringcough.C.Shetookthechanceseriouslyandtreasuredit.D.Shefoundithardtocontinueswimmingtraining.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"resolute"meaninthepassage?A.differentB.firmC.generalD.popular4.WhywasCathyawardedthehighesthonor?A.Becauseshewasdifferentfromothersinhealth.B.Becauseofherhappilycheeringonherfriends.C.Becauseshewaslongingforswimmingskills.D.Becauseofherdeterminedwillandenthusiasm.【文章大意】小时候身患重病，经过多年的治疗后最终康复的作者的女儿下决心成为一名游泳健将，艰苦的训练和不尽如人意的成绩并没有使她退缩，最终她的意志力以及热情使她获得了最高的荣誉。2.C【解析】细节理解题。依据第二段可知，在Cathy参加游泳队的训练的最初几个星期，身体状况不佳，经常咳嗽，母亲劝其暂时停止训练，她依然坚持下来，由此可知，她对这样的训练机会非常重视，故选C项。 3.B【解析】词义猜测题。依据上文的"Cathykeptswimminganddidn’tmissasinglepractice"和tobethebestshecouldbe可知，小小的Cathy心中已经坚定想做最棒的自己，因此该词的意思是"有决心的，坚决的"，故选B项。4.D【解析】细节理解题。依据倒数第二段主教练的话可知，Cathy用她的意志和热情鼓舞了我们。虽然技能和天赋能带来巨大的成功，但一个人可以拥有的最有价值的财富是人心。由此可知，Cathy坚定的意志和热情使她赢得了别人的尊敬，故选D项。